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What action below would be most in keeping with the ALARA principle while performing a diagnostic ultrasound examination? A: Allow multiple students to scan an obstetrical patient because the fetus is in a good position for imaging. B: Prolong the sonogram to make videos of the fetus for each family member. C: Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image. D: Maximize the acoustic output to brighten the overall image. E: Extend the sonogram beyond the intended scope of the exam requisition. C: Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image.
What does the ALARA principle stand for? As Low As Reasonable Achievable During performance of an obstetrical ultrasound exam you adjust the system parameters to improve the image. Which of the following parameters would increase acoustic exposure? A: Increase gain B: Increase TGC C: Increase frequency D: Increase transmit power E: Increase frame averaging D: Increase transmit power While performing a sonogram to minimize risk to the fetus which imaging mode trade off would be most applicable? A: Use M-mode instead of pulsed-wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate. B: Use color Doppler instead of power Doppler to image the umbilical cord. C: Use pulsed-wave Doppler instead of power Doppler to evaluate the fetal heart. D: Use harmonics instead of fundamental to image the fetal spine. A: Use M-mode instead of pulsed-wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate.
E: Wash gloves between exams for re-use from one patient to another. A nosocomial infection is defined as one that is: A: Resistant to antibiotics B: Restricted to the respiratory system C: Hospital-acquired D: Not contagious E: Requires isolation C: Hospital-acquired Thermally induced biological effects should be preventable by avoiding a local tissue temperature increase exceeding: A: 1 degree C B: 4 degrees C C: 10 degrees C D: 95 degrees F E: None; thermal effects have no threshold. A: 1 degree C Which intensity descriptor has the lowest numerical value for the characterization of a pulsed-wave ultrasonic field? A: SATA B:
A: SATA
SPTA
C:
SATP
D:
SPTP
E: These intensity descriptors are only used for continuous-wave ultrasound. Increased tissue heating could occur when you: A: Decrease frequency. B: Increase transmit power. C: Decrease exposure time. D: Decrease pulse repetition frequency. E: All of the above B: Increase transmit power. A study designed to determine if there is an association between an adverse effect in a population and exposure to a particular agent is a(n): A: Case report B: Epidemiological study C: In vitro study D: In vivo study E: Single-incident investigation B: Epidemiological study Which of the following actions is NOT compliant with HIPAA? A: Cropping all patient identifiers from images C: Reviewing your neighbors medical studies on your hospital PACS system so you can give her your opinion of her condition.
In medicine what do the initials "PHI" indicate? A: Private health indicator B: Personal heart index C: Personal health information D: Private health institute E: Protected health information E: Protected health information What should you limit when the thermal index exceeds 1? A: Overall gain B: TGC C: Exposure time D: Scanning depth E: All of the above C: Exposure time To practice the ALARA principle which of the following techniques should you employ? A: Always use the least amount of Reciever gain that allows adequate tissue visualization. B: Adjust the controls so that the MI and TI read outs exceed 1. C: Use the lowest transmit power that allows adequate tissue C: Use the lowest transmit power that allows adequate tissue visualization.
visualization. D: Use the highest frame averaging setting. E: Maximize exposure time. The thermal index indicates: A: Estimated maximum temperature increase in tissue B: Minutes of exposure time before heating is too great C: Seconds of exposure time before heating is too great D: Acoustic power in milliwatts E: Liklihood of cavitation A: Estimated maximum temperature increase in tissue. Which operator control most directly adjusts the intensity of the transmitted pulse? A: Receiver gain B: Depth of scanning C: Acoustic output (transmit) power D: Time gain compensation (TGC) E: Pulse repetition frequency C: Acoustic output (transmit) power
Using a hydrophone you can measure? A: Impedance B: Pressure amplitude C: Duty factor D: All of the above E: B and C only E: B and C only Which of the following parameters relates to tissue heating? A: Absorpti on B: Impedan ce C: Refracti on D: Propagation speed E: All of the above A: Absorption Which of the following occurs when you use the maximum system gain? A: Increased tissue heating B: Increased risk of cavitation C: Fluid particle streaming D: Increased sound absorption E: None of the above E: None of the above
You are performing a sonogram and notice that the thermal index (TI) is greater than 1. Any increase in temperature would be greatest in: A: Liver B: Lung C: Kidne y D: Bone E: Bladder D: Bone The motion of particles in a fluid is sometimes observed in an intense ultrasound beam. This is termed: A: Acoustic streaming B: Transient cavitation C: Thermal interaction D: Rarefaction E: Compression A: Acoustic streaming You are performing a sonogram and notice that the TI reading is 1. What does this indicate? A: The patients temperature has increased 1 degree C as a result of the ultrasound scan. B: The patients temperature has increased 2 degrees C as a result of the D: the output level is high enough that temperature could increase as much as 1 degree C if the transducer were held stationary.
E: Information is available on the screen to help the sonographer implement the ALARA principle. When scanning with pulsed- wave Doppler you would affect the acoustic exposure by changing which of the following? A: Doppler gain B: High pass filter C: Pulse repetition frequency D: Baseline position E: Doppler angle C: Pulse repetition frequency
What should you do to avoid nosocomial and cross- infection with sonographic probes? A: Probe cleaning should always precede high-level disinfection. B: Covering a probe with a condom is a sufficient barrier to infection for intracavitary probes. C: Disinfection using a germicide compatible with the transducer is indicated when the probe is in contact with mucous membranes. D: Alcohol soak of each probe should occur between patients. E: A and C E: A and C The mass you are imaging has a diameter of 35mm. This value can also be expressed as: A: 350 cm B: 0.35 cm C: 3.5 cm D: 35 m E: 3.5 m C: 3.5 cm Relative measurement of intensity based on a logarithmic scale is expressed in: A: Newtons per cm squared B: Watts per cm squared C: Decibel C: Decibels
frequency to 12 kHz. This can also be expressed as: A: 0.12 Hz B: 1200 Hz C: 1.2 MHz D: 12,000 Hz E: 120 MHz In sound wave propagation a region of elevated pressure is termed: A: Compressi on B: Demodula tion C: Rarefactio n D: Period E: Resonance A: Compression When you switch from a 2.5 MHz to a 5 MHz transducer the sound wavelength: A: Doubles B: Quadruple s C: Halves D: Quarters E: Is unaffected C: Halves Sound propagates through tissue as a series of _______ and _. -Compressions -Rarefactions Wavelength is to frequency. Doubling the frequency the wavelength. -Inversely proportional -Halves Wavelength depends on what two factors? A: Frequency and amplitude. B: Amplitude and propagation speed. C: D: Frequency and propagation speed.
Period and frequency. D: Frequency and propagation speed. E: Amplitude and intensity. Which of the following human tissues has the highest rate of attenuation of an ultrasound wave? A: Liver B: Fat C: Fluid D: Lung E: Blood vessels D: Lung Wavelength is determined by what equation? Wavelength= propagation speed/Frequency The propagation speed for sound is lowest in which of the following biological tissues? A: Fat B: Blood C: Muscl e D: Bone E: Liver A: Fat Which of the following factors does NOT affect impedance? A: Stiffnes D: Frequency
incidence. What is the purpose of the gel coupling between the transducer and the skin? A: To reduce heating of the epidermis caused by sound absorption and friction. B: To soften the skin and soothe the patient. C: To provide a medium for sound transmission since ultrasound does not propagate through air. D: To reduce the impedance differences between the transducer and the skin. E: To lessen refraction of the sound at the skin surface and improve sound transmission. C: To provide a medium for sound transmission since ultrasound does not propagate through air. The unit of impedance is the: A: Joule B: Rayl C: Watt/c m2 D: Newton E: Watts/c m B: Rayl
7/5/25, 8:50 Davies SPI REVIEW Flashcards | With absorption acoustic energy is converted to: A: Heat B: Microbubb les C: Kinetic energy D: Decibels E: Potential energy A: Heat The intensity transmission coefficient at the interface between two structures equals 1/100. What is the intensity reflection coefficient? A: 0/ B: 99/ C: 1/ D: 100/ 0 E: 49/
B: 99/
Describes the fraction of sound transmitted at a boundary and the fraction of sound reflected at a boundary. Intensity transmission coefficient Which of the following is an example of a Rayleigh scatterer? A: Renal capsule B: C: Red blood cell
