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DAT BIOLOGY SECTION NEWEST FINAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS
BRAND NEW
During cell division, which of the following stages are most similar? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> Mitotic metaphase and meiotic metaphase II
Mitosis and meiosis II are similar, chromosomes (each with two chromatids) line up in a single file line in the metaphase plate of the cell
During DNA replication, what prevents the separated strands from prematurely reattaching? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> single-strand binding proteins - attach to each strand of uncoiled
dna to keep them separated
DNA ligase function - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Enzyme that fills in the gaps made from
Okazaki fragments to make one continuous strand.
DNA helicase function - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An enzyme that unwinds the DNA strand
for replication by breaking the hydrogen bonds
Topoisomerase function - CORRECT ANSWER >>> creates small knicks in DNA at
replication fork to relieve tension and stress from unwinding
DNA sliding clamp proteins - CORRECT ANSWER >>> hold DNA polymerase (the enzyme
that adds new nucleotides) to the template strand Which of the following hormones can both constrict blood vessels and also dilate bronchioles?
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Epinephrine (adrenaline) fight or flight hormone- constricts blood vessels leading to the digestive system, and dilates the bronchioles to help body get more oxygen In an ecological community, leopards and tigers compete for warthogs as a food source. A sudden growth in the leopard population causes a depletion of warthogs. What is this an
example of? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> exploitation competition
indirect competition and occurs when a shared resource like territory, prey, or food is depleted.
Which part of the cell would you find enzymes associated with glycolysis? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> Glycolysis occurs within a cell's cytoplasm; specifically, within the cytosol of the
cell
Which of the following stimulates parietal and chief cells to release digestive enzymes? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Gastrin
Gastrin stimulates parietal cells to release gastric juice, and it stimulates chief cells to release gastric lipase and pepsinogen.
What is one of the main advantages of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> requires fewer gametes
protection of eggs female mate choice control over conditions of reproduction In the process of urine formation within the nephron, which of the following substances are completely reabsorbed from the filtrate back into
the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> glucose and amino acids are completely reabsorbed
glucose in urine is sign of diabetes
Which of the following results in a violation of the law of independent assortment? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> linked genes
linked genes are usually inherited together, which violates the law of independent assortment genes line up independently and alleles separate at random By what mechanism do crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants reduce photorespiration in
hot environments? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> temporal isolation - close stomata during the
day (due to hot environment) and open their stomata at night
If missing, which of the following would prevent DNA transcription from occurring? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> RNA polymerase
DNA transcription requires RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template
In which part of the circulatory system would you find the most deoxygenated blood? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> Pulmonary artery
artery- away from heart, carrying deoxygenated blood back to lungs to get more oxygen then go back to lungs via pulmonary veins The pulmonary artery contains the most deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary vein contains the most oxygenated blood.
An increase in which hormone would lead to a decrease in blood pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> ANP DECREASES BP
Atrial natriuretic peptide is the only hormone we should know for the DAT that decreases blood pressure. If actin microfilaments are inhibited from forming, which of the following would be most likely
observed in the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The cell would be unable to cleave
Microfilaments (actin) work with myosin to perform the cleavage furrow during cell division. Which of the following types of mutations is required for a proto-oncogene to become
cancerous? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> one hit - gain of function mutation
What do nitrogen fixing bacteria convert? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> nitrogen gas N
(atmospheric nitrogen) to ammonium (NH4+) A researcher extracts DNA from a host cell. Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA and convert them into plasmids. The plasmids are taken up by bacteria to allow the analysis of the
whole genome. What is this process called? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> genomic library is a
collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism.
A mutation in which of the following cells would result in a lack of antibodies? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> B cells
B cells produce antibodies as part of what is known as humoral immunity.
T cell function - CORRECT ANSWER >>> T cells control cell-mediated immunity by acting
directly on infected cells. The stimulation of the parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous system would result in which
of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> increase in peristalsis (contraction of stomach
muscles) others: constricts pupils, stimulates salivation, constriction of bronchi, decrease bp and heart rate, secretion of bile, contracts bladder (increase urination)
At what point during the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> S
phase DNA and centrosome replication occurs in the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle
If nondisjunction occurs during the first meiotic division of a human oocyte, what are the
possible number of chromosomes in the resulting zygote after this oocyte is fertilized? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>
Which of the following structures is formed from the ectoderm? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> sympathetic ganglia most outer
layer "attracto- derm" features that people are attracted to cns, pns Two organisms from different species mate, and the offspring of the hybrids have reduced
fitness. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER >>> postzygotic isolation
Which of the following is a product of beta-oxidation? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Acetyl-
CoA Beta-oxidation breaks fatty acids into acetyl CoA molecules that can go into the Krebs cycle. Beta-oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
Which of the following levels of the ecological pyramid has the highest biomass? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> primary producers
Only 10% of the energy stored as biomass is passed on from one trophic level to the next.
Which of the following is most likely found free-floating in the cytosol? - CORRECT
ovoviviparity meaning - CORRECT ANSWER >>> offspring develops inside egg that
hatches inside the mothers body, then birth happens- example is sharks
Where is antidiuretic hormone stored in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ( aka
vasopressin) stored in the posterior pituitary
(produced in the hypothalamus)
Which hormones do the anterior pituitary release? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> F- FSH
(follicle stimulating hormone) Tropic (indirectly target)
A healthy mother who consumes an insufficient diet has four offspring, all of whom produce
insufficient growth hormone. What is the most likely connection? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> epigenetic link
Epigenetic mechanisms are affected by development, chemicals or drugs, diet, and aging. epigenetics is inheritable to daughter cells but does not altar the DNA sequence xylem function in plants transports: direction:
composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> transports water and dissolved
minerals roots - > leaves tracheids and vessel elements phloem function in plants transports: direction:
composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sugars
leaves - > roots sieve and companion cells
In which of the following can simultaneous transcription and translation be observed? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> bacteria- transcription and translation occurs at the same time in
the cytosol
A substance that binds to an allosteric site of an enzyme is called a - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> non competitive inhibitor
Where does a competitive inhibitor bind? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> active site
Which of the following organisms has a predominantly haploid lifecycle? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> fungi- single set of chromosomes very simple organisms (mold mushrooms)
If a zebra is 2n = 18 and a horse is 2n = 24, what is the genetic makeup of the hybrid offspring? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> 2n=
for hybrid species: half them and add them 18/2= 24/2= 12+9= 21
Which technique can be used to amplify the amount of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> polymerase chain reaction amplifies amount of DNA
DNA contains each of the following types of forces EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> disulfide bonds
The DNA backbone is held together with phosphodiester bonds, and the two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. Van der waals and covalent are also present
If toxins (like snake venom) irreversibly bind to and inactivate acetylcholine, the post-synaptic cell will fail to depolarize and contract.
What part of the developing blastocyst contributes to the placenta? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> trophoblast- eventually becomes the placenta
what does the inner cell mass eventually become? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> embryo
A loss-of-function mutation in the gene that produces which of the following would lead to an
increase in blood calcium levels? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Calcitonin
"calcitonin tones down calcium levels"
In which blood vessel is blood pressure the highest? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> arteries
- blood pressure is highest closest to the heart and lowest further from the heart (veins)
where does blood pressure drop the most? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> arterioles- due to
high resistance Which of the following represents an effective test-cross for plant height? Tall (T) is dominant to
short (t). - CORRECT ANSWER >>> TT x tt
test cross is phenotypically dominant vs homozygous recessive
During cellular respiration, which step produces the majority of carbon dioxide? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix
The TCA cycle, the citric acid cycle, and the Krebs cycle are all names for the same cycle. Two CO2 molecules are produced from each acetyl-CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle.
Which of the following initiates the heartbeat? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sinoatrial node
(SA node) also called pacemaker- has automaticity meaning it will fire on its own
Which of the following would require a transporter to pass through the lipid bilayer? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> insulin- large polar hormone, therefore needs a transporter to
enter a cell and cross the cell membrane
Which of the following is a function of histamine? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> dilates
capillaries Histamine increases blood flow to an area by dilating capillaries. Tissue swelling is increased by histamine.
Which plant hormone is responsible for fruit ripening? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ethylene
which plant hormone inhibits growth - CORRECT ANSWER >>> abscisic acid
If 2n = 8, how many chromatids are present in each daughter cell during metaphase II? -
What is the main force that drives filtration in Bowman's capsule? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> the pressure produced by the blood in the glomerulus
Which of the following features of mitochondria and chloroplasts best supports the
endosymbiotic theory? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - circular dna with histone proteins
- reproduce independently
- double membrane
- ribosomes more similar to prokaryotes
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> returns fluids that escaped cells and tissues back into blood vessels
Which of the following correctly describes the ion channels during this stage of an action
potential, indicated by the arrow? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Na+ channels are opening to
depolarize the cell, K+ channels are closed
what is golgi apparatus function? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> proteins are modified,
packages, and exported Which layer of the epidermis is only present in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> Come- dead keratinocytes, outer layer Lets**- only present in palms of hands and soles of feet Grab- water barrier Some- strength and immunity desmosomes and langerhan cells Beers-
Which of the following are amniotic? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mammals, birds, reptiles
amniotic-inner layer closest to growing embryo, provides water cushion
Which of the following affects the rate and type of zygote cleavage the most? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> amount and distribution of yolk
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> O2, NADPH, and ATP
A mother is affected by a genetic disease and the father is a carrier for the condition. If 50% of
their children are affected by the disease, what is the pattern of inheritance? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>> autosomal recessive
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> regulation of blood pH
if body becomes too acidic, we breathe more to expel excess CO2, bringing blood pH back up to normal If a human cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis, then at the end of meiosis I
each cell would have - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 46 chromatids
All of the following are characteristics of Chordata EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>> diploblastic
- vertebrates that are triploblastic (3 germ layers), bilateral, deuterostomes, closed circulatory system, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord
