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A comprehensive overview of cardiovascular system concepts, including definitions, classifications, and explanations of various heart rhythms and conditions. It presents a series of questions and answers related to the daance module 2 exam, covering topics such as ischemia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease, and various heart rhythms. Valuable for students studying cardiovascular physiology and pathology.
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ASA ||class || 1 ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Pt ||with ||no ||disturbance ASA ||class || 2 ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Pt ||with ||mild ||to ||moderate ||systemic ||disturbance ASA ||class || 3 ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Pt ||with ||severe ||systemic ||disturbance ASA ||class || 4 ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Pt ||with ||sever ||life ||threatening ||systemic ||disorder ASA ||class || 5 ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Pt ||is ||moribund ||with ||little ||chance ||of ||survival Ischemia ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Deficiency ||of ||blood ||to ||a ||body ||part ||due ||to ||functional ||constriction ||obstruction ||of ||a ||blood ||vessel Angina ||pectoris ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Pain ||in ||the ||chest ||with ||a ||feeling ||of ||suffocation ||usually ||due ||to ||a ||deficiency ||of ||blood ||supply ||to ||the ||myocardium Myocardial ||infarction ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Necrosis ||of ||tissue ||of ||the ||myocardium ||resulting ||from ||an ||interruption ||of ||the ||blood ||supply ||to ||the ||area, ||as ||in ||coronary ||thrombosis Rheumatic ||heart ||disease ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Damage ||to ||the ||heart, ||primarily ||the ||heart ||valves, ||caused ||by ||a ||systemic ||bacterial ||infection Mitral ||valve ||prolapse ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||valvular ||heart ||disorder ||in ||which ||one ||or ||both ||mitral ||valve ||flaps ||close ||incompletely
Endocarditis ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Inflammation ||of ||the ||myocardium ||(the ||lining ||of ||the ||cavities ||of ||the ||heart ||and ||connective ||tissue ||bed ||on ||which ||it ||lies) Hypertension ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Elevated ||blood ||pressure. ||Greater ||that ||140/ Beta ||blockers ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Medication ||to ||decrease ||the ||force ||and ||rate ||of ||contraction ||of ||the ||heart, ||eg, ||atenolol. ||Treats ||high ||blood ||pressure Vasodilators ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Medications ||used ||to ||reduce ||the ||pressure ||in ||the ||vasculature, ||eg, ||Norvasc, ||Lisinopril, ||Diovan. ||Treats ||high ||blood ||pressure Diuretics ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Medications ||to ||reduce ||the ||volume ||of ||fluid ||in ||the ||system ||(HCTZ, ||Lasix) ||promotes ||excretion ||of ||urine ||and ||decrease ||of ||blood ||volume. ||treats ||high ||blood ||pressure Congestive ||heart ||failure ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||clinical ||syndrome ||due ||to ||heart ||disease ||and ||characterized ||by ||breathlessness ||and ||abnormal ||water ||and ||sodium ||retention, ||resulting ||in ||edema Digitalis ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||pharmacologic ||agent ||used ||to ||treat ||congestive ||heart ||failure, ||A ||fib, ||atrial ||flutter ||and ||paroxysmal ||tachycardia. ||It ||increases ||the ||force ||of ||cardiac ||contraction Left ||sided ||heart ||failure ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Left ||side ||of ||heart ||fails ||to ||pump ||blood ||out ||into ||the ||circulation ||efficiency, ||causing ||blood ||to ||back ||up ||to ||the ||LUNGS Right ||sides ||heart ||failure ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Right ||side ||of ||the ||heart ||fails ||to ||pump ||blood ||efficiently ||to ||the ||lungs, ||causing ||blood ||to ||back ||up ||in ||the ||peripheral ||circulation, ||causing ||peripheral ||edema
Ventricular ||focus(foci) ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||displaced ||point ||of ||origin ||for ||a ||dysrhythmia ||that ||is ||in ||the ||ventricles Sinus ||rhythms ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Cardiac ||rhythms ||in ||which ||the ||pacemaker ||is ||the ||sinoatrial ||node Atrial ||(Supraventricular) ||rhythms ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Dysrhythmias ||in ||which ||the ||pacemaker ||is ||in ||the ||atria ||above ||the ||level ||of ||the ||ventricles ||(Supraventricular) ||area. Ventricular ||rhythms ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Cardiac ||dysrhythmia ||in ||which ||the ||pacemaker ||is ||in ||the ||ventricles ||rather ||than ||in ||the ||SA ||node Arrest ||rhythms ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Cardiac ||rhythms ||in ||which ||there ||is ||a ||cardiac ||arrest. ||Some ||arrest ||rhythms ||such ||as ||pulseless ||ventricular ||tachycardia ||are ||accompanied ||by ||a ||rhythm ||display, ||but ||there ||is ||no ||contraction Rate ||of ||firing ||in ||the ||SA ||node ||- ||correct ||answer ||-60- Rate ||of ||firing ||in ||the ||atria ||- ||correct ||answer ||-60- Rate ||of ||firing ||in ||the ||AV ||node ||- ||correct ||answer ||-40- Rate ||of ||firing ||in ||the ||ventricles ||- ||correct ||answer ||-20- Normal ||sinus ||rhythm ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Regular ||rhythm ||with ||a ||rate ||of ||60-100 ||bpm. ||Has ||P ||waves, ||QRS ||complex ||and ||T ||wavs Sinus ||arrhythmia ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Similar ||to ||normal ||sinus ||rhythm ||but ||with ||slight ||variation ||in ||rate ||with ||inspiration ||and ||expiration
Sinus ||bradycardia ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Similar ||to ||normal ||sinus ||rhythm ||except ||a ||slower ||rate ||of ||less ||than || 60 ||bpm Sinus ||tachycardia ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Similar ||to ||normal ||sinus ||rhythm ||except ||for ||an ||increase ||in ||rate ||of ||greater ||than || 100 ||bpm ||but ||usually ||less ||than || 150 ||bpm Atrial ||and ||superventricular ||rhythms ||- ||correct ||answer ||-Those ||above ||the ||level ||of ||the ||ventricles Premature ||atrial ||contraction ||(PAC) ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||premature ||firing ||of ||and ||ectopic ||focus ||in ||the ||atria ||producing ||an ||early ||contraction ||of ||the ||atria Supraventricular ||tachycardia ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||Cardiff ||dysrhythmia ||in ||which ||there ||is ||rapid ||firing ||of ||an ||ectopic ||focus ||in ||the ||atria ||above ||the ||levels ||of ||the ||ventricles ||with ||a ||rate ||of ||150-250 ||bpm ||and ||a ||narrow ||QRS ||complex Atrial ||fibrillation ||(A ||Fib) ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||wavy ||baseline ||consisting ||of ||small ||erratic ||spikes. ||Atrial ||arrhythmia ||characterized ||by ||rapid ||randomized ||contractions ||of ||the ||atrial ||myocardium, ||causing ||a ||totally ||irregular ||and ||often ||rapid ||ventricular ||rate Atrial ||flutter ||- ||correct ||answer ||-A ||saw ||tooth ||baseline ||of ||flutter ||waves. ||Usually ||in ||a ||1: ||or ||1:4 ||ratio ||to ||the ||flutter ||waves. ||A ||condition ||of ||cardiac ||arrhythmia ||in ||which ||the ||atrial ||contractions ||are ||rapid ||(200-300 ||per ||minute) ||but ||regular Junctional ||rhythms ||- ||correct ||answer ||-P ||wave ||is ||often ||inverted ||or ||can ||not ||be ||discerned. ||Cardiac ||dysrhythmia ||in ||which ||the ||ectopic ||pacemaker ||is ||in ||the ||area ||of ||th ||AV ||junction Ventricular ||dysrhythmias ||- ||correct ||answer ||-(Arrest ||rhythms) ||asystole ||and ||PEA