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Protists: An Overview of Diverse Unicellular Eukaryotes - Prof. Iyabode O. Fadayomi, Study notes of Biology

An in-depth exploration of protists, a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotes. Topics covered include their evolution, various modes of movement, stages of endosymbiosis, and different types of protists such as flagellates, ciliates, and parasitic protists. The document also discusses their reproduction and the role of key structures like flagella, eyespots, and contractile vacuoles.

Typology: Study notes

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Uploaded on 12/01/2009

kornstalk51
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Chapter 28:
Protists
Fig. 28-02-2
Cyanobacterium
Heterotrophic
eukaryote Over the course
of evolution,
this membrane
was lost.
Red alga
Green alga
Primary
endosymbiosis
Secondary
endosymbiosis
Secondary
endosymbiosis
Secondary
endosymbiosis
Plastid
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Stramenopiles
Plastid
Euglenids
Chlorarachniophytes
Stages of endosymbiosis
Fig. 28-03a
Alveolates Stramenopiles
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Diatoms
Golden algae
Brown algae
Oomycetes
Excavata Chromalveolata Rhizaria
Chlorarachniophytes
Forams
Radiolarians
Archaeplastida
Red algae
Chlorophytes
Charophyceans
Land plants
Unikonta
Slime molds
Gymnamoebas
Entamoebas
Nucleariids
Fungi
Choanoflagellates
Animals
B. Protista is
polyphyletic
Fig. 28-07
Long flagellum
Eyespot
Short flagellum
Contractile vacuole
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Plasma membrane
Light detector
Pellicle
Euglena (LM) 5 µm
Long flagellum
B. Some move by using
1. flagella (flagellates)
Fig. 28-12
Smooth
flagellum
Hairy
flagellum
5 µm
Stramenopiles
2. Cilia (ciliates)
Paramecium
www.biologycorner.com
pf3
pf4

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Chapter 28:

Protists

Fig. 28- 02 - 2 Cyanobacterium Heterotrophic eukaryote Over the course of evolution, this membrane was lost. Red alga Green alga endosymbiosis^ Primary endosymbiosis^ Secondary endosymbiosis^ Secondary endosymbiosis^ Secondary Plastid Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Stramenopiles Plastid Euglenids Chlorarachniophytes

Stages of endosymbiosis

Fig. 28-03a Alveolates Stramenopiles^ Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Oomycetes Excavata Chromalveolata Chlorarachniophytes Forams Rhizaria Radiolarians Red algae^ Archaeplastida Chlorophytes Charophyceans Land plants Unikonta Slime molds Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals

B. Protista is

polyphyletic

Fig. 28- 07

Long flagellum

Eyespot

Short flagellum

Contractile vacuole

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Plasma membrane

Light detector

Euglena (LM) Pellicle

5 μm

Long flagellum

B. Some move by using

1. flagella (flagellates)

Fig. 28- 12

Smooth

flagellum

Hairy

flagellum

5 μm

• Stramenopiles 2. Cilia^ (ciliates)

 Paramecium

www.biologycorner.com

3. Pseudopods

Amoeba

40 μm^ Pseudopodia

E. Reproduction

Fission

conjugation

Fission

A. Parasitic protists

1. Giardia

5 μm

III. Examples of Protists 2. Trypanosoma

9 m

3. Plasmodium falciparum

www.cdc.gov

4. Oomycetes

downy mildew

www.apsnet.org

Water molds

www.apsnet.org

downy mildew

Volvox

Caulerpa,

Ulva, or sea lettuce. (c) 50 μm^ 20 μm

  1. Green algae (chlorophyta) D. Heterotrophic protists
    1. Amoeba 2. Paramecium Contractile vacuole Cilia Micronucleus Macronucleus Oral groove Cell mouth Food vacuoles
  2. Slime molds plasmodium sporangium Fig. 28- 24 - 3 Feeding plasmodium Mature plasmodium (preparing to fruit) Young sporangium Mature sporangium Stalk 4 cm 1 mm Key Haploid ( Diploid (2 nn )) MEIOSIS Spores ( n ) Germinating spore Flagellated cells Amoeboid cells ( n ) ( n ) FERTILIZATION Zygote (2 n ) Plasmodial Slime Molds Fig. 28- 25 - 2 Spores ( n ) Emerging amoeba ( n ) Solitary amoebas (feeding stage) ( n ) Aggregated amoebas Migrating aggregate Fruiting bodies ( n )

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

600 μm 200 μm Key Haploid ( n ) Diploid (2 n ) Amoebas ( n ) SEXUAL^ Zygote (2 n ) REPRODUCTION MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION Cellular slime molds