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CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY LATEST 200
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
GUARANTEED PASS
question-The thinker who developed the evolutionary theory or natural selection in the 19th century - answer-Charles Darwin question-The 19th century British anthropologist who is credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective where the most evolved societies resembled the British societies in which he lived was - answer-E.B. Tylor question-The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to - answer-the people or species they study The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is - answer-cultural relativism question-Diversity defined anthropologically - answer-focuses on multiplicity and variety question-A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guide research, is - answer-theories question-The comparative method - answer-all of the above
question-Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some dont see what they do as science because - answer-the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture question-There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly T/F - answer-True question-What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people? - answer-the Industrial Revolution question-Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as - answer-proof of their primitive nature question-Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm? - answer-anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out question-During fieldwork cultural anthropologists - answer-all of the above question-Linguistic anthropologists traditionally sttudy - answer-all of the above question-A realistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-cola in Tzotzil Maya communitites in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize - answer-that they, the Tzotzil, are dominated by globalization
question-The controversy between Native Americans and NCAA schools using mascots illustrates - answer-the power of tradition question-Who is responsible for the theory of social evolution - answer-E.B. Tylor question-The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is call - answer-functionalism question-The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent - answer-post- structuralism question-Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because - answer-all of the above question-The process of learning culture from a very young age is called - answer-encultration question-How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation? - answer-while it is importance to understand Native American claims from their point of view, it doesnt mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue question-The American anthropologist repsonsible for the concept of historical particularism was named - answer-Franz Boaz
question-A social consequence of introducing coffee into the highlands of Papua New Guinea was that - answer-all of the above question-If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on - answer-everyday interaction question-Norms tend to be stable because - answer-people learn them when they are young question-The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is - answer-Renato Rosaldo question-The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as - answer-a way of explaining how the world works question-Culture is - answer-learned and shared question-Ethnocentrism - answer-all of the above question-Examples of social institutions are - answer-all of the above question-The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what? - answer-people make sense of the world through binary oppositions ie. raw/cooked question-Anthropologist overcome ethnocentrism by - answer-seeing matters from the point of view of another culture
question-This anthropologist rejected the idea that there are groups of people belonging to stable and unchanging races - answer-Franz Boas question-Nature and nurture are not opposed but intertwined T/F - answer-True question-Gene flow and gene drift work on human populations in opposite ways T/F - answer- True question-Neural plasticity is illustrated by - answer-all of the above question-An illustration of the bioculture of humans is - answer-mental stress from losing a job causing insomnia question-The affects and feelings we experience as humans - answer-may not have an exact equivalent in another culture question-Cultural models help us make sense of the world because - answer-they provide a pattern for one's own behavior and interpreting others' actions question-The limitation of culture and personality studies was that they assumed - answer-all of the above question-Intelligence is - answer-not marked by a single fixed gene
question-The enhanced cognition of early modern humans allowed for - answer-all of the above question-According to Mauss and Durkheim, a key feature of the concept of personhood in many other culture is - answer-defined socially question-A cross-cultural perspective on manic depression would - answer-all of the above question-If an anthropologist who studies cultural models were to analyze the Ilongot concept of liget, she or he might emphasize - answer-all of the above question-Which of the following would most interest an anthropologist who studies geneticization - answer-the search for breast cancer gene question-A biological perspective on the evolution of our species would emphasize that - answer-all of the above question-Animal call systems - answer-can only communicate in response to real-world stimuli question-Koko, thegorilla, ans Washo, the chimp, were two ape primates who had learn - answer-American sign language question-_______ refers to the structure of speech sounds - answer-phonology question-How words fit together to make meaningful units is called - answer-morphology
question-American's pattern of gender inequality is built into our linguistic practices T/F - answer-True question-In evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because - answer-we can speak using our larynx question-For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which of the following symbol? - answer-elaborating symbol question-Edward Spair, who had been - answer-all of the above question-Linguistics refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as - answer-pidgin language question-The US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to - answer-language death question-Although language is one of the most rule-bound aspect of human culture, it is also one of the least conscious T/F - answer-True question-Because of the widespread use of mass media today, sociologist have found increasing homogeneity in the use of language in the US T/F - answer-False
question-If you were a linguistic anthropologist interested in language change in smaller American cities, building on William Labov's studies, what method would you use? - answer- record how younger people, middle aged, and senior citizens pronounces ordinary american words question-The canadian government helps preserve the use of french - answer-all of the above question-If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoffs study of genderized speech, you might find that talking like a lady - answer-marginalize women voice in work context question-If you were conducting a symbolic analysis of TV programs and wanted to identify a key scenario such as the Horatio Alger myth, which of the following would you focus on? - answer-plots that are repeated in many of the programs that American viewers interpret as commonplace social experiment All of the following are proper roles for applied anthropologists EXCEPT A. identifying the needs for change that local people perceive. B. working with people to design culturally appropriate and socially sensitive change. C. placing the cultural values of local people above all others' cultural values. D. protecting local people from harmful policies and projects that might threaten them. E. working as participant observers, taking part in the events they study in order to understand local thought and behavior. - answer-placing the cultural values of local people above all others' cultural values.
B. was more important than interest in the relation between biology and culture in the development of U.S. four-field anthropology. C. proved early on that culture is a function of race. D. is an important historical reason for the development of four-field anthropology in the U.S. E. was replaced in the 1930s by the two-field approach. - answer-is an important historical reason for the development of four-field anthropology in the U.S. question-Applied anthropology is A. the purely academic dimension of anthropology. B. the term used for all anthropological research programs. C. the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems. D. rarely possible, as anthropological studies are not practical in the "real world." E. not guided by anthropological theory. - answer-the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems. question-As humans organize their lives and adapt to different environments, our abilities to learn, think symbolically, use language, and employ tools and other products A. rest on certain features of human biology that make culture itself a biological phenomenon. B. have made some human groups more cultured than others. C. prove that only fully developed adults have the capacity for culture; children lack the capacity for culture until they mature. D. rest on certain features of human biology that make culture, which is not itself biological, possible.
E. are shared with other animals capable of organized group life—such as baboons, wolves, and even ants. - answer-rest on certain features of human biology that make culture, which is not itself biological, possible. question-Based on his observation that contact between neighboring tribes had existed since humanity's beginnings and covered enormous areas, Franz Boas argued A. against treating cultures as isolated phenomena. B. that even the earliest foragers engaged in warfare. C. that language must have originated among the Neandertals. D. that biology, not culture, was responsible for the vast majority of human diversity. E. that general anthropologists were wrong to focus too much attention on biology. - answer- against treating cultures as isolated phenomena. question-Cultural anthropologists carry out their fieldwork in A. factories. B. the tropics. C. the third world. D. former colonies. E. all kinds of societies. - answer-All kinds of societies question-Culture A. is the exclusive domain of the elite. B. is acquired by humans as members of society through the process of enculturation. C. is being destroyed by electronic media. D. developed among nonhuman primates around 10,000 years ago.
D. cross-cultural comparative component of cultural anthropology. E. generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology. - answer-fieldwork component of cultural anthropology. question-A holistic and comparative perspective A. makes general anthropology superior to sociocultural anthropology. B. refers only to the cultural aspects of human diversity that anthropologists study. C. makes anthropology an interesting field of study, but too broad of one to apply to real problems people face today. D. most characterizes anthropology when compared to other disciplines that study humans. E. is the hallmark of all social sciences, not just anthropology. - answer-most characterizes anthropology when compared to other disciplines that study humans. question-How are the four subfields of U.S. anthropology unified? A. Each subfield studies human variation through time and space. B. Each subfield studies the human capacity for language. C. Each subfield studies human biological variability. D. Each subfield studies human genetic variation through time and space. E. The subfields really are not unified; their grouping into one discipline is a historical accident. - answer-Each subfield studies human variation through time and space question-The human capacity for culture has an evolutionary basis that extends back perhaps 3 million years. This date corresponds to A. the earliest production of cave art found in South Africa. B. early toolmakers, whose products survive in the archaeological record.
C. a genetic mutation that caused an increase in brain size and complexity. D. the advent of anatomically modern primates. E. evidence of hunting and the use of fire to cook tough meats. - answer-early toolmakers, whose products survive in the archaeological record. question-In anthropology, cultural relativism is not a moral position but a methodological one. It states that A. because cultural values vary between cultures, they cannot be analyzed and compared. B. some cultures are relatively better than others. C. to understand another culture fully, we must try to understand how the people in that culture see things. D. to understand another culture, we must use tactics to try to jar people so that their true views are revealed. E. to bring about desired cultural change, anthropologists should act as emissaries of the most evolved cultural values. - answer-to understand another culture fully, we must try to understand how the people in that culture see things. question-In the field, ethnographers strive to establish rapport: a good, friendly working relationship, based on personal contact, A. that is necessary in conducting any valuable research in the social sciences, not just anthropology. B. that if done properly ensures the ethnographer's ability to conduct detached, unbiased research. C. achieved in large part by engaging in participant observation. D. and if that fails, the next option is to pay people so they will talk about their culture. E. as well as on payment, based on local standards, for people's time spent with the researcher. - answer-achieved in large part by engaging in participant observation.
B. to better define culture as a capacity that distinguishes members of the zoological family hominidae from anatomically modern humansC. to stress that there is no such thing as human natureD. to promote the study of primatology, which has nothing to do with human culture E. to illustrate how evolution is just a theory - answer-A. to emphasize culture's evolutionary basis question-Which of the following was studied by Sapir and Whorf? A. the interaction of thought and surface structureB. the influence of language on thoughtC. the influence of deep structure on surface structure D. the influence of deep structure on semantic domains E. the influence of culture on language - answer-B. the influence of language on thought question-Which of the following statements about subcultures is NOT true? A. Subcultures exemplify "levels of culture."B. Subcultures have different learning experiences.C. Subcultures have shared learning experiences. D. Subcultures may originate in ethnicity, class, region, or religion.E. Subcultures are mutually exclusive; individuals may not participate in more than one subculture. - answer-E. Subcultures are mutually exclusive; individuals may not participate in more than one subculture. question-Which of the following statements about enculturation is NOT true? A. It occurs through a process of conscious and unconscious learning. B. It results in internalization of a cultural tradition.C. It may involve direct teaching. D. It is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact.E. It is the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations. - answer-D. It is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact.
question-Which of the following statements about culture is NOT true? A. It has an evolutionary basis.B. It is acquired by all humans, as members of society, through enculturation. C. It encompasses rule-governed, shared, symbol-based, learned behavior, as well as beliefs transmitted across the generations.D. Everyone is cultured.E. It is transmitted genetically. - answer-E. It is transmitted genetically. question-Which of the following statements about chimpanzee call systems is NOT true? A. They consist of a limited number of sounds.B. Like language, they include displacement and cultural transmission. C. They consist of sounds that vary in intensity and duration.D. Calls cannot be combined when multiple stimuli are present.E. They are stimuli dependent. - answer- B. Like language, they include displacement and cultural transmission. question-Which of the following research methods is a distinctive strategy within anthropology?A. its practice of cross-cultural comparisonB. the biological perspective C. ethnographyD. the evolutionary perspectiveE. working with skilled respondents - answer-C. ethnography question-Which of the following perspectives emphasizes how cultural forces constantly mold human biology?A. cultural genetics perspectiveB. biocultural perspective C. psychological anthropological perspective D. holistic perspectiveE. scientific-humanistic perspective - answer-B. biocultural perspective question-Which of the following is true about medical anthropology?A. It is the field that proved that people from rural areas suffer only from illnesses and not diseases.B. It applies non-Western health knowledge to a troubled industrialized medical system.C. Typically in cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, this field does market research on the use of health products around the world.D. This field applies Western medicine to solving health problems around the world.E.
