Download CSTR Exam Questions and Answers: Graphic Presentations, Anatomy, and Data Analysis and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
CSTR EXAM || 2025 - 202 6||ACTUAL EXAM 180
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |A+GRADE
What are types of graphic presentation?
- ANSWER- Bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, control charts, dashboards, spreadsheets, scatter grams, pareto chart, radarchart, tree chart What does a bar graph show?
- ANSWER- Horizontal or vertical bars proportionalto the values of the data. These are used for quick comparison of information. What does a pie chart show?
- ANSWER- Show proportions of a whole orpercentage of a whole. What does a line graph show?
- ANSWER- Line connecting data points in a sequential order to show a trend over time. What does a control chart show?
- ANSWER- Used to observe performance by studying variation over time and monitors if a process is within control or out ofcontrol limits using upper and lower control lines calculated using standard deviation or sigma values with the center
line representing the overall average. What does a dashboard show?
- ANSWER- A compact visual presentation ofcritical data, usually at a higher level, to be easily understood at a glance. What do spreadsheets show?
- ANSWER- A collection of data in columns and rows that hold the data detail -- usually produced in an "Excel" type of document. What does a scatter gram show? - ANSWER- Displays values for two variables showing the distribution of the values. 12 What does a pareto chart show? - ANSWER- A chart showing data from most to least frequently occurring information from left to right. These are used to clearly identify higher valued items (e.g., The highest frequency or priority for resolution). What does a radar chart show? - ANSWER- Radar Chart - (same as spider gram) shows the relationship between multiple variables with one or more axis. What does a tree chart show? - ANSWER- (Fishbone diagram) - used to identify all of the various issues/tasks that go into development of a single outcome.
What is benchmarking? - ANSWER- A benchmark is a standard by which something can be measured or judged, comparing like data over time with different organizations, providers, or with a recommended or desired outcome/standard. What are filters? - ANSWER- Filters are tools that can be used to gather data into specifically defined groups, or a single item. Filters are used to easily define, view, or calculate subgroups within a larger population How do you calculate an ICU day? - ANSWER- ICU Day = a count of any day, or partial day, that the patient was in an ICU. For example: if the patient was admitted at 11pm on one day, and discharged at 10 am the next day, this will equal 2 (two) ICU days, since the stay included 2 (two) 24 hour days. What are the 4 steps in PI and loop closure? - ANSWER- Identification of Issues What does population analysis look at? - ANSWER- Population age, gender, residence, nationality, etc. What does sampling look at? - ANSWER- The process of taking a small portion of a larger set of data to study in order to obtain a picture of the probable larger total Review of Issues Corrective Action Result Evaluation
population. What does frequency look at? - ANSWER- The number of occurrences of a repeating similar event that is identified within a defined set of reference. Define average - ANSWER- Average or mean is the sum of the value of all integers divided by the total number of integers Define ratio - ANSWER- One value as compared to another, i.e., frequency of occurrence as in one in 240, e.g., 1:240. Define median - ANSWER- The median is the integer holding the middle position in a sequential listing of numbers. The median when arranged : 9 8 7 6 5 5 5 3 2 Define mode - ANSWER- The median is the integer holding the middle position in a sequential listing of numbers. The median when arranged : 9 8 7 6 5 5 5 3 2
Name the parts of the vertebrae - ANSWER- Vertebral body, spinous process, transverse process, pedicle, foramen, lamina, superior and inferior articular processes. Name the anatomy of the upper extremities - ANSWER- Shoulder girdle with scapula and clavicle. Humerus: Median and lateral epicondyle (end of humerus), capitulum, trochlea, coronoid fossa, deltoid tuberosity, greater & lesser tubercle, head & neck. 10 Ulna: Olecranon process (elbow), coronoid process, ulnar tuberosity, styloid process (projection at the distal end of the ulna). Radius: also has a styloid process at the distal end. Hand: Carpal bones x 8 (scaphoid, locate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate), metacarpals x 5, and phalanges (proximal x 5, middle x 5, distal x 5). Joints: Acromioclavicular, carpal bones (wrist), elbow, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal. Name the anatomy of the lower extremities - ANSWER- Pelvic girdle
Pelvis: Ilium, iliac crest, acetabulum, ischium, pubis, sacrum and sacroiliac joints. Legs: femur, patella (knee cap), tibia, fibula. Joints: Hip, knee, and ankle. Ankle Bones: Lateral malleolus, medial malleolus Foot: Tarsal bones (7), calcaneus (heel bone), talus, cuboid, navicular, first, second and third cuneiform), metatarsals, phalanges Name the bones of the skull - ANSWER- Parietal x 2, Frontal, Sphenoid, ethmoid, Occipital, temporal x 2 What injury would cause Racoon eyes? - ANSWER- Basal skull fx, Frontal fx What are signs of a basal skull fx? - ANSWER- Frontal - racoon eyes, Middle Fossa - CSF leak, Posterior - battle signs What are diffuse intracranial Injuries? - ANSWER- Concussion, shear injury, DAI, Anoxic brain injury What are focal intracranial Injuries - ANSWER- Contusion, Epidural, Subdural, Intraparenchymal - Focal meaning in one place. What symptoms should you look for in head injuries? - ANSWER- Confusion, combative, altered cons, obtunded, posturing
displayed such as paper, website, dashboard, PowerPoint presentation, etc. What are types of presentation formats? - ANSWER- Tables and graphics Name the layers of the skin - ANSWER- epidermis, dermis, hypodermis What is a FAST used to determine? - ANSWER- Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma is used as an initial diagnostic tool to identify intraperitoneal or pericardial free fluid. What are CT scans used to determine? - ANSWER- Best diagnostic tool for hemodynamically stable patients. CT Scans are used to identify free air, free fluid, identify solid organ injuries and bone/cervical abnormalities not visible on a plain film. What are MRI's used to determine? - ANSWER- used to visualize detailed internal structures. It is especially useful in brain, spinal cord, muscles, and heart Define toxicology - ANSWER- Toxicology can involve either a blood or urine sample. Toxicology labs tests look for levels of alcohol (BAC) or drugs that may have been used.
Define chemistry - ANSWER- Chemistry labs typically include electrolyte levels Some of the tests included in a chemistry are: sodium, potassium chloride, calcium, creatinine (blood), glucose(blood sugar), magnesium, phosphorus, etc. Define hematology - ANSWER- Involves testing on the blood itself to determine the patient blood volumes in relation to the normal values What do blood gases measure? - ANSWER- Arterial blood gases measure the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, base excess, etc., in the arterial blood Blood loss >20% - ANSWER- 220 lb wt. = 1500 ml. 165 lb wt. = 1125 ml. approx 5 liters of blood in body at 75 kg Who developed the Abbreviated Injury Scale? - ANSWER- AAAM What is the format of an AIS code - ANSWER- 7 digits How many digits in pre dot? - ANSWER- 6 digits
What does the AIS severity reflect? - ANSWER- AIS severity reflects the severity of one injury for a patient 25-40 years old with no co-morbidities and with timely appropriate care. Name the bones of the face - ANSWER- Inferior nasal conchae x 2, lacrimal bones x 2, mandible, maxilla x 2, nasal bones and septum, palatine bones x 2, vomer, zygomatic bones x 2, eye, ear Name the bones of the chest - ANSWER- Thoracic spine, ribs 1-12, sternum, heart, bronchi and lungs, thoracic aorta, diaphragm, thoracic esophagus. Name the organs in the abdomen - ANSWER- Liver, spleen, colon, rectum, small bowel, pancreas, kidneys, pelvis, uterus, bladder, stomach, gallbladder, retroperitoneum, abdominal aorta and other vessels. Name the parts of the spinal column and #'s - ANSWER- Cervical--7, thoracic--12, lumbar--5, sacrum— 5 (fused), coccyx (tailbone)—2, 3, or 4. Note: C1 = Atlas, C2 = Axis and has a "dens" (spike-like projection) that projects upward on which the atlas rotates. Name the parts of the vertebrae - ANSWER- Vertebral body, spinous process, transverse process, pedicle, foramen, lamina, superior and inferior articular
processes. Name the upper extremity bones - ANSWER- Shoulder girdle with scapula and clavicle. Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Hand, Fingers, joints Name the bones of the hand - ANSWER- Carpal bones x 8 (scaphoid, locate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate), metacarpals x 5, and phalanges (proximal x 5, middle x 5, distal x 5). Name the bones of the lower extremity - ANSWER- Pelvic girdle Pelvis: Ilium, iliac crest, acetabulum, ischium, pubis, sacrum and sacroiliac joints. Legs: femur, patella (knee cap), tibia, fibula. Joints: Hip, knee, and ankle. Ankle Bones: Lateral malleolus, medial malleolus Foot: Tarsal bones (7), calcaneus (heel bone), talus, cuboid, navicular, first, second and third cuneiform), metatarsals, phalanges. What are the 3 components to GCS? - ANSWER- Eye, Verbal, Motor Name the 4 stages of Eye GCS - ANSWER- 1 no eye opening 2 opens to pain
What is the Z score? - ANSWER- the z score is the statistical significance of the outcome of TRISS.. If z is more negative than −1.96, significantly more patients died than were predicted. If z exceeds +1.96, significantly more patients survived than predicted What is the w score? - ANSWER- The w score measures the clinical significance of the outcome. The w score represents the difference between the number of patients actually surviving and the number of survivors expected per 100 patients treated. Thus, a w value of +4 indicates that 4 more patients survived per 100 patients than would have been predicted. What is OIS - ANSWER- Organ Injury Scoring - The scale is graded 1 through 6 for each organ, 1 being least severe and 5 the most severe injury from which the patient may survive. Grade 6 injuries are by definition not salvageable. Name the 4 stages of Eye GCS pediatric - ANSWER- 1 No eye opening. 2 Eye opening to pain. 3 Eye opening to verbal command. 4 Eyes open spontaneously. Name the 5 stages of Verbal GCS pediatric - ANSWER- 1 No vocal response 2 Inconsolable, agitated
3 Inconsistently consolable, moaning. 4 Cries but is consolable, inappropriate interactions. 5 Smiles, oriented to sounds, follows objects, interacts. Name the 6 stages of Motor GCS pediatric - ANSWER- 1 No motor response. 2 Extension to pain. 3 Flexion to pain. 4 Withdrawal from pain. 5 Localising pain. 6 Obeys Commands. What goes into RTS - ANSWER- GCS+SBP+RR (first vitals in ED) What is PTS - ANSWER- Weight, airway, sob, cans, opp pen wound, skeletal (
What is NISS - ANSWER- New (revised) injury severity score What is TRISS - ANSWER- Trauma score injury severity score What are components of TRISS - ANSWER- Age Mechanism of injury (blunt/penetrating) RTS ISS What is M score - ANSWER- Finding different from the norm Characterizes case mix Based on ISS What is Z score - ANSWER- How your hospital does against others Demonstrates performance National comparison American College of Surgeon: Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient - ANSWER- Definition of a "Trauma Patient" can be found here: Any patient that has an injury in the code range between 800 and 959.9, but not one of the exclusion codes, for late effects of injury (905-909.9), superficial
injuries, including blisters, contusions, abrasions, insect bites (910-924.9), and foreign bodies (930-939.9). and meets one of the three event criteria: Hospital admission; Patient transfer via emergency medical services transport from one hospital to Three Types of Data Abstraction - ANSWER- Concurrent, Retrospective & Hybrid Concurrent Abstraction - ANSWER- Daily abstraction while the patient is in house Retrospective Abstraction - ANSWER- Abstraction after patient discharge. Hybrid Abstraction - ANSWER- Data entry is begun during the patient encounter but the record is closed after patient discharge. The American College of Surgeons registry staffing recommendation for manual data entry: - ANSWER- 1 full-time equivalent employee dedicated to the registry to process the data for approximately 750 to 1,000 patients annually In order to run data for reporting the registrar needs to know several basic details: - ANSWER- What information is needed to identify the correct data fields, the time
