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CSNN BOARD EXAM WITH COMPLETE 180
QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS
JUST RELEASED
QUESTION: water carries XXX through our body necessary for electrical communication - ANSWER✔✔electrolytes QUESTION: water carries XXX out of our body - ANSWER✔✔toxins QUESTION: elson haas recco of water per day for proper hydration - ANSWER✔✔12 cups QUESTION: factors affecting hydration - ANSWER✔✔exercise, temperature, consumption of fruit & veg QUESTION: effect of chronic dehydration - ANSWER✔✔inflammation, toxicity, disease, death QUESTION: sources of drinking water - ANSWER✔✔groundwater (underground aquifiers most of our water) or above ground reservoirs
QUESTION: groundwater contaminants - ANSWER✔✔farming: nitrates, pesticides, fertilizers, parasites (giardia), ecoli, lead pipes, mining waste (mercury) QUESTION: 3 basic metabolic functions - ANSWER✔✔build, cleanse, maintain QUESTION: what is nutrition? - ANSWER✔✔the food we eat, primary component of preventative healthcare QUESTION: what is integrative health care - ANSWER✔✔combination of allopathic and naturopathic QUESTION: features of SAD diet - ANSWER✔✔ 3000 - 4000 caloreis per day > processed refined carbs (corn wheat, soy, rice) QUESTION: metabolic function: build \ tone - ANSWER✔✔childhood, pregnancy, increase mass QUESTION: metabolic function: cleansing - ANSWER✔✔reduce body mass, purge excess QUESTION: metabolic function: maintenance - ANSWER✔✔normal body state - homeostasis
QUESTION: tap water toxic - ANSWER✔✔chlorinated and fluoridated QUESTION: effects of chlorine - ANSWER✔✔promote candida, mix with organic compounds chloroform QUESTION: what is the alimentary canal? - ANSWER✔✔exocrine tube from mouth to anus 20 - 25 ft QUESTION: parts of alimentary canal - ANSWER✔✔mouth > pharynx > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine QUESTION: digestive system accessory organs - ANSWER✔✔tongue, teeth, salivary glands, gall bladder, pancreas, liver QUESTION: what is digestion? - ANSWER✔✔break down food by mechanical, chemical action to its micro\macro nutrients QUESTION: what is metabolism? - ANSWER✔✔life-sustaining chemical reactions (anabolism, catabolism)
QUESTION: what is absorption? - ANSWER✔✔nutrients pass from small intestine into blood and lymph QUESTION: functions of mouth - ANSWER✔✔mechanical digestion > salivary glands secrete saliva which lubricates > amylase breaks down starch > passes bolus to esophagus QUESTION: bolus - ANSWER✔✔chewed food QUESTION: function of esophagus - ANSWER✔✔passes chewed food to stomach using peristalsis QUESTION: lower esophageal sphincter - ANSWER✔✔round muscle between esophagus and stomach QUESTION: function of stomach - ANSWER✔✔holding tank 1.5L > secretes gastric juices for chemical breakdown of food > mucous protects stomach lining from acid > mechanically churns to break food into chyme QUESTION: where are carbs digested? - ANSWER✔✔mouth amylase > small intestine: pancreatic amylase secreted in duodenum
QUESTION: where are fats digested? - ANSWER✔✔stomach > small intestine: pancreatic lipase secreted to duodenum QUESTION: liver - ANSWER✔✔largest most complex internal organ > more than 500 chemical functions > neutralizes toxins to bile > sends nutrients to bloodstream QUESTION: portal hepatic vein - ANSWER✔✔digested nutrients travel from SI to liver via partal hepatic vein QUESTION: inferior vena cava - ANSWER✔✔largest vein in the body > nutrient rich blood passes from liver via vena cava to heart and rest of body QUESTION: large intestine - ANSWER✔✔5 ft long > elimination > absorbs water and some nutrients > contains bacteria to breakdown fibre > forms and stores feces QUESTION: beneficial bacteria - ANSWER✔✔400 species in large intestine > produce Vit B and K > breakdown bad bacteria QUESTION: factors affectiong benefical bacteria - ANSWER✔✔diet, drugs, peristalsis, bile HCL levels, emotions
QUESTION: tips to improve digestion - ANSWER✔✔fibre, water, exercise, sleep, chew! QUESTION: tips to improve digestion - ANSWER✔✔fibre, water, exercise, sleep, chew! QUESTION: chemical makeup of carbohydrate molecule - ANSWER✔✔CH2O = Carbon + Warer QUESTION: free sugars - ANSWER✔✔monosaccharides, disaccharides QUESTION: What is a complex carbohydrate? - ANSWER✔✔a polysaccharide such as starches, non-starches (cellulose) broken to disaccharide then monosaccharide QUESTION: What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER✔✔Glucose, Fructose,Galactose, Xylose QUESTION: What are simple carbohydrates (Disaccharides) - ANSWER✔✔Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose, QUESTION: Sucrose - ANSWER✔✔Glucose + Fructose - sugar cane, beets, maple syrup
QUESTION: soluble fibre - ANSWER✔✔slows digestion, forms gel eg: oats, flaxseed QUESTION: insoluble fibre - ANSWER✔✔speed up digestion, add bulk, ease constipation eg: brown rice, barley QUESTION: glycemic index - ANSWER✔✔measure the glycemic response (how rapidly CHO is digested) of a particular food does not take into acount how much CHO is in that food QUESTION: glycemic load - ANSWER✔✔measures the glycemic response in relation to the amount of carboyhydrate in food QUESTION: insulin resistance - ANSWER✔✔continuous high sugar diet > pancrease puts out too much insulin to lower BS > cells become insulin resistant QUESTION: carbohydrate digestion & metabolism - ANSWER✔✔CHO > poly > disaccharides > monosaccharides > sugar absorbed to blood > liver changes excess glucose to glycogen, and fat (lipogenesis) QUESTION: proteins are broken down to - ANSWER✔✔amino acids
QUESTION: fats broken down to - ANSWER✔✔fatty acid + glycerol QUESTION: carbohydrates broken down to - ANSWER✔✔glucose QUESTION: digestive juices - ANSWER✔✔various fluids that aid digestion eg: saliva, HCl, mucos, bile, bicarbonate. The amount of food taken in should not exceed the amount of available digestive juices QUESTION: effect of chewing - ANSWER✔✔breaks down food > mixes it with saliva > lubricates the bolus so it can be swallowed. Swallowing initiates peristalsis QUESTION: pyloric sphincter - ANSWER✔✔gate between stomach and SI. Monitors how much chyme can pass from stomach to duodenum. QUESTION: gastric juices - ANSWER✔✔HCL changes pH > pepsinogen activated to pepsin in presence of HCl > intrinsic factor aids in absorption of B12 in SI > mucos to protect stomach lining QUESTION: brush border of SI - ANSWER✔✔surface coat of micro-villi that make up fo the villi in SI. Hydrolyzes nutrients to ready it for absorption
QUESTION: fat sources - ANSWER✔✔met, dairy, nuts, seeds QUESTION: calories fat, protein, CHO - ANSWER✔✔CHO 4 cal/g, protein 4 cal/g, fat 9 cal/g QUESTION: role of fat - ANSWER✔✔energy storage> transport nutrients eg fat soluble vitamins
cell membranes > protect organs etc QUESTION: saturated fat chemical make-up - ANSWER✔✔carbon chains saturated with Hydrogen QUESTION: unsaturated fat chemical make-up - ANSWER✔✔1 or more double bonds between carbon meaning some carbon links missing hydrogen QUESTION: qulities of unsat fat - ANSWER✔✔oil at room temp, unstable, suscptible to damage from light, heat, o QUESTION: hydrogenation - ANSWER✔✔H added to PUFA under pressure > makes trans-fats that lead to disease in the body > semi-solid fat that wont spoil easily eg margarine
QUESTION: Types of EFA - ANSWER✔✔omega-6 lonoleic acid > omega 3 alpha-linoleic acid QUESTION: function of EFA - ANSWER✔✔healthy growth, nerve health & circulation, skin supple, joint lubricating QUESTION: recco ratio of omega 6 to 3 - ANSWER✔✔4:1 but SAD diet is 20: QUESTION: lipids - ANSWER✔✔ QUESTION: Types of fat in body - ANSWER✔✔EFA, lipids, triglycerides QUESTION: what are tri glycerides - ANSWER✔✔95% fat in our food and body > storage form of fat when calories in excess > 3 FA + Glycerol (CHO) QUESTION: what are lipids? - ANSWER✔✔general name for fats > contain FA, phspoholipids, sterols/steroids > do not dissolve in water QUESTION: what are phospholipids - ANSWER✔✔key component in cell membrane > 2FA + Glycerol (CHO)
QUESTION: our bodies are approximately XX% water - ANSWER✔✔60% QUESTION: what are vitamins? - ANSWER✔✔micronutrients, most cannot be made in the body
do not provide energy but act as co-enzymes > essential for growth and vitality QUESTION: which vitamins can be made in the body? - ANSWER✔✔some Vit B and Vit K QUESTION: What are the fat solubel vitamins? - ANSWER✔✔Vit: KADE > found in lipids of plants and animals > stored in body (too much toxic) QUESTION: What are the water soluble Vits? - ANSWER✔✔C, B-Complex > Sensitive to heat, light and time QUESTION: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - ANSWER✔✔meets the needs of 50% of healthy individuals QUESTION: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - ANSWER✔✔meets the needs of 97% of healthy individuals
QUESTION: Tolerable Upper Level - ANSWER✔✔highest amount without causing adverse health effects QUESTION: What is chelated? - ANSWER✔✔minerals bound to another molecule to increase absorption QUESTION: What are minerals? - ANSWER✔✔minerals are the ash that is left behind after plants \ animals burned > basic elements of all matter QUESTION: Most abundant minerals in the body - ANSWER✔✔CA, P in the bones QUESTION: our body is made up of XX% of minerals - ANSWER✔✔ 4 - 5% QUESTION: What is a macromineral? - ANSWER✔✔mineral that makes up more than 0.01% of body
CSNN BOARD EXAM SYSTEMS
Overuse of antacids chronic stress poor diet eating too quickly overuse of antibiotics and common painkillers and food sensitivities what is the role of the liver within the digestive system? Process nutrients from the small intestine. Digestion and processing of carbs fats proteins and storage of fat-soluble vitamins. Create amino acids. Creates glucose when energy is required from glycogen. It decreases bile in the small intestine through the gallbladder and helps with fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamins of ADE&K. It detoxifies harmful chemicals. It plays a role in relieving digestive issues such as sluggishness, gas bloating, and Constipation. Regulate blood sugar levels. Toxic liver can lead to? Inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, arthritis high blood pressure, autoimmune diseases and hormonal imbalances can lead to headaches mood swings and depression nutrients for healthy digestive system? Macronutrients, micronutrients a wide variety of whole natural unprocessed foods, NAG principles, eat in a relaxed environment, be mindful of the digestive process, and proper food combining What are the NAG principles? Natural food alive food good quality food what are macro nutrients? carbs, proteins, fats what are micronutrients? Vitamins, minerals trace minerals
What is the role of the intestinal system? To absorb digested nutrients into the bloodstream through the wall of the small in-test time, it also expels waste products through the large intestine where they are dehydrated, mixed with trillions of bacteria and expelled bowel movements What happens if there is any disruption or challenge in the brick-down absorption and elimination process? It compromises the body's energy supply cleansing ability and causes severe negative effects on health what are the two functions of the lower GI tract? Absorption of nutrients and excretion of wastes true or false the health of the GI tract impacts the health of the rest of the body True what happens if there is any compromise by either inadequate diet or digestive disorder to the intestinal track? Nutrient deficiencies occur and toxins are easily absorbed when does dysbiosis occur? When beneficial and harmful bacteria levels become imbalanced effects of dysbiosis? Poor digestion modulation and strength of the immune system and development of disease What is the importance of beneficial bacteria?
