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CSMLS MLA Study Set With Complete Questions And Answers Graded A+
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What 3 types of information is in HIA? - correct answer.Diagnostic, treatment and care information
Steering clear of danger
How is Formalin disposed of? - correct answer.neutralized and poured down the sink with running water What precautions must be used for 10% NBF? - correct answer.wear gloves and safety glasses use fume hood spill kit neutralize it before disposing What is the procedure for inking a gross specimen? - correct answer.1. Dry specimen
True or False: The term 'Dehydration' is included in the processing stage - correct answer.true True or False: Xylene is a complete intolerant substance. It will distort and shrink the tissue if excess time - correct answer.true What is clearing in histotechnology? - correct answer.The removal of alcohol by introducing xylene remove alcohol and introduce the solvent of the wax and allows it to become miscible True or False: Xylene requires storage in a flammable cupboard - correct answer.true What is infiltration? - correct answer.Process by which molten paraffin wax infiltrates and permeates the cells and tissue spaces causing the wax to support the tissue once it cools and solidifies. What factors affect infiltration of wax? - correct answer.Size and type of tissue Clearing agent used Use of vacuum infiltration Use of pressure True or False: Heat, vacuum & pressure all help to increase processing time by helping the alcohols, xylene paraffin to penetrate the tissue faster - correct answer.false What would the Cleaning Cycle look like in maintenance? - correct answer.Retort is heated to 65 degrees to allow wax to drain into the last wax bucket Cleaning xylene is pumped into and out of the retort 9 ties Multiple rinses of clean 100% alcohol are pumped in and out of the retort True or False: In the processor, the paraffin temperature is kept close to its melting point - correct answer.true What is Deparaffinization? - correct answer.To remove the paraffin by using Xylene 2x 1 - 3 minutes (2 changes to reduce contamination) Critical step What is Hydration? - correct answer."Bringing sections to water" Wash in 100% ethanol to remove xylene Then was in decreasing alcohol concentrations - 100% to 95% then 70%
What is 80% alcohol used for? - correct answer.removes excess eosin and creates shading used during differentiation What is the criteria of a good mountant? - correct answer.Transparent and colourless Flow easily, releasing bubbles Resist bacterial and fungal growth Should NOT dissolve tissue or fade staining or shrink from the edges of the coverslip Should dry to solid state fair quickly RI close to glass and tissue What is Mounting? - correct answer.To produce a permanent, stable tissue slide - coverslips Natural or synthetic Hydrophobic - soluble with xylene "scared of water") Hydrophilic (water based) are used for fat stains (fat would dissolve in xylene) What is the criteria of a good fixative? - correct answer.Penetrate cells quickly Inactivate Intracellular enzymes (preventing analysis) Serves as a bacterial agent Compatible with subsequent staining methods What are Air-Dried Specimens? - correct answer.cells appear swollen, pale and lack structural detail To avoid the "drying artifact" we quickly place the specimen in an alcohol fixative What are "bloody" specimens? - correct answer.Specimen that contains large amount of blood, a specula fixative can be used which will fix the diagnostic cells and lyse the RBCs Add 1 drop of acetic acid to 95% ethanol - carney's fluid What is eosin? - correct answer.Acid dye
Negative charge Stains cytoplasm element pink What is Immunohisochemistry Stains? - correct answer.Use antigen-antibod reactions to demonstrate specific tissue components What does Cytospray contain? - correct answer.95% alcohol and 2% carbowax When is it necessary to use a collection fixative? - correct answer.if >72 hours transport, 50% ethanol may be added Lower [alcohol] serves as a preservative and a pre-fixative without excessive hardening of cell protein True or False: Fresh unfixed specimens are preferred and should be transferred directly to the laboratory - correct answer.true True or False: Sputum should NOT be collected directly into a sterile container - fresh and unfixed - correct answer.false What are Gynecological Specimens? - correct answer.Liquid-based cytology (old method Pap smears) Collected and prepared by the doctor and arrive at the lab in a vial of liquid What is Non-Gynecological Specimens? - correct answer.Exfoliated cells collected from many areas of the body Smears, scrapings, brushing, sputum, fluid specimens, fine needle aspiration biopsy How are Gynecological Pap smears collected? - correct answer.By using a brush or spatula, smears on a slide and fixed Frosted end of the slide must be labelled using a pencil What do Non-Gnecological Sputum Specimens contain? - correct answer.much, cellular and non cellular material Collect in small wide-mouth jar Should be refrigerated if not immediately transported to lab True or False: Urine specimens for Cytological examination should NOT be a first morning catch - correct answer.true
Sharpens nuclear detail and produces characteristic chromatic patterns Standard fixative What is Cell Blocks in Cytopreparation? - correct answer.Paraffin embedding of all cell aggregates Left over cytologic specimen is further concentrated and wrapped in gauze or lens paper and then placed in a cassette What is Cell Block Prep for sputum and other thick specimens in Cytopreparation? - correct answer.Solution (Bouin's fixative) is added to the remainder of the specimen Filtered through funnel lined with tissue paper Tissue paper is butcher wrapped tightly around the specimen and placed in a cassette Cassette is placed in formalin and processed What is Cell Block Prep for Centrifuged specimen with particulate sediments in Cytopreparation? - correct answer.Remaining sediment is resuspended in an equal volume of 10% NBF and recentrifuged Pour off supernatant A small amount of warm Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) is added to the sediment and gently mix Allow mixture to harden Button is placed into a tissue cassette Cassette is placed in formalin and processed What is Thrombin/Plasma Cell Block Method in Cytopreparation? - correct answer.Pout 10 mL of specimen into labelled tube Centrifuge tube for 10 min at 2000 rpm Add equal drops Thrombin and plasma to tube Mix gently (do not create aerosols) Allow to sit for 1-2 minute until a soft ball forms Cut into 2-3 pieces and place each piece into its own cassette
Places the cassette into formalin What is the most common Cytology Stain? - correct answer.Papanicolaou Stain (Pap Stain) What are the 3 main objective to the Pap Stain? - correct answer.1. Crisp Nuclear Staining
Prevents osmotic cell swelling (cells in hypotonic solution) and cell shrinkage (cells in hypertonic solution) What is the purpose of fixation? - correct answer.Prevent putrefaction and autolysis Allows tissue to become firmer so its easier to cut What is putrefaction? - correct answer.Bacterial decomposition Often gas production - > liquefaction Gross decay done by bacteria The smell, gas production eventually will turn into a liquid after a long time What is autolysis? - correct answer.Self digestion cause by the action of intracellular enzymes Causes breakdown of protein and eventual cell liquefaction What is 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF)? - correct answer.Most common fixative Imparts a firm consistency to tissue Tolerant (minor negative changes to tissue) Buffered to a pH 7.0 to 7.2 at room temperature Fixation time is ~8 hours Made up of:
What temperature does Campylobacter sp. grow best in? - correct answer.42ºC What is aerobes? - correct answer.requires oxygen for growth What do Incubators do for bacterial growth? - correct answer.Allows them grow in their optimal conditions in a controlled environment What is Anaerobes? - correct answer.grows only in the absence of oxygen What is facultative anaerobes? - correct answer.Can grow in the presence and absence of oxygen What is Capnophilic? - correct answer.requires increased CO2 levels 3 to 10% CO Provided in a CO2 incubator, candle jar or in a plastic bag that generates increased CO What is microaerophilic? - correct answer.Grows best when oxygen level is slightly lower than ambient air How do you do QC for an Anaerobic jar? - correct answer.Indicator strips Blue in oxygen White in no oxygen True or False: Organic growth factors are required by fastidious bacteria - correct answer.true Smallest to Biggest Organism: - correct answer.Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites True or False: Bacteria grows best at a pH of 7.0 to 7.5 - correct answer.true What does Moisture do for Bacterial Growth? - correct answer.Vegetative bacteria needs this to live Clinical specimens must be kept from drying out What are the two most common forms of culture media? - correct answer.Liquid/broth in tubes Solid in plates and tubes
True or False: Non-fermenters (proteus sp.) on a MAC plate are colourless or transparent - correct answer.true What is the QA for agar plates? - correct answer.Surface should be:
Staph epi gram positive (no growth) Put them in order: TM CO2 (selective to Neisseria) CAP CO MAC O BAP CO Sterilized slide Direct smear THIO - correct answer.DS BAP CAP MAC TM THIO Where can specimen be collected from? - correct answer.1. Directly from a sterile site
Why can't certain specimens not be refrigerated? - correct answer.temperature may kill pathogens in the specimen What can you use to preserve Urine in Microbiology? - correct answer.Boric acid - grey top tube Comes with a transfer unit Where is the Staph streak located? - correct answer.Quadrant 3, 2, 1 What can you use to preserve Stool for Ova and Parasite in Microbiology? - correct answer.Sodium acetate-aceic acid-formaldehyde (SAF) What can you use to preserve Anticoagulants in Microbiology? - correct answer.Sodium Polyanehole Sulfonate (SPS) - blood cultures Heparin - viral cultures True or False: If fastidious bacteria are suspected in a specimen, we always refrigerate the specimen - correct answer.false True or False: Charcoal transport swabs are used for cervical swabs for Neisseria gonnorhoeae - correct answer.true True or False: We would refrigerate a CSF specimen if it cannot be processed immediately - correct answer.false What is Gram Positive Bacteria? - correct answer.Thick peptidoglycan layer purple cocci in clusters (Staph aureus and Staph. epi) What shapes can bacteria be in? - correct answer.Cocci, Bacilli, Coccobacilli, Spiral What are direct smears not made on? - correct answer.Throat swabs Fecal samples Nasal Sputum from Cystic Fibrosis patients What is Gram Negative Bacteria? - correct answer.Thin peptidoglycan layer Passes an outer membrane full of lipopolysaccharides and some proteins pink bacilli (e.coli) How do you do Gram Stains? - correct answer.1. Fixed with Methanol