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CRJ 405 Exam 2 VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+., Exams of Nursing

Hampton University (HU)Nursing

CRJ 405 Exam 2 VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/12/2025

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CRJ 405 Exam 2 VERIFIED SOLUTIONS,
SCORED A+
Colonial .Courts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Three-tiered .court .system
-legislature .passed .laws
-high .cours .(Superior .Courts) .handled .criminal .and .civil .trials
-lower .courts .handled .most .and .levied/collected .taxes
Justice .of .the .Peace .was .key .person
Lower .Courts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Evolved .into .county .courts, .which .became
.the .heart .of .the .local .system .of .criminal .justice
Same .kinds .of .courts .found .today
Justice .of .the .Peace .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Key .person .in .county .courts
-handled .probate, .allocated .money .on .road .and .bridge .repairs, .licensing,
.maintenance .of .the .local .ministry, .regulation .of .wages, .and .criminal .cases
In .colonial .days .they .handled .mostly .minor .criminal .and .civil .cases, .and .many
.were .religious-influenced .cases
Religion .(and .the .courts) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-"profane .swearing," ."profane
.cursing" .and ."profaning .the .Sabbath," .fornication, .disobeying .your .husband,
.etc.
Constituted .about .1/3 .of .all .cases
In .Mass. .Bay .Colony .the .legal .code .contained .a .list .of ."capital .laws" .and .each
.one .came .with .citations .from .the .Bible
Federal .Court .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Anti-federalists .v .federalists .debated .about
.a .federal .court .system .and .about .a .central .government .in .the .first .place
federalists .won, .with .a .compromise .in ."district .courts" .and .eventually .state
.courts .were .set .up
Supreme .Court .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-established .in .1789 .with .the .passage .of
.the .Judiciary .Act
members .came .mostly .from .the .upper .class
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CRJ 405 Exam 2 VERIFIED SOLUTIONS,

SCORED A+

Colonial .Courts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Three-tiered .court .system -legislature .passed .laws -high .cours .(Superior .Courts) .handled .criminal .and .civil .trials -lower .courts .handled .most .and .levied/collected .taxes Justice .of .the .Peace .was .key .person Lower .Courts .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Evolved .into .county .courts, .which .became .the .heart .of .the .local .system .of .criminal .justice Same .kinds .of .courts .found .today Justice .of .the .Peace .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Key .person .in .county .courts -handled .probate, .allocated .money .on .road .and .bridge .repairs, .licensing, .maintenance .of .the .local .ministry, .regulation .of .wages, .and .criminal .cases In .colonial .days .they .handled .mostly .minor .criminal .and .civil .cases, .and .many .were .religious-influenced .cases Religion .(and .the .courts) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-"profane .swearing," ."profane .cursing" .and ."profaning .the .Sabbath," .fornication, .disobeying .your .husband, .etc. Constituted .about .1/3 .of .all .cases In .Mass. .Bay .Colony .the .legal .code .contained .a .list .of ."capital .laws" .and .each .one .came .with .citations .from .the .Bible Federal .Court .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Anti-federalists .v .federalists .debated .about .a .federal .court .system .and .about .a .central .government .in .the .first .place federalists .won, .with .a .compromise .in ."district .courts" .and .eventually .state .courts .were .set .up Supreme .Court .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-established .in. 1789 .with .the .passage .of .the .Judiciary .Act members .came .mostly .from .the .upper .class

Post-Civil .War .Changes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Small .claims .courts, .so-called ."lower .courts" .(often .called .municipal .courts .or .justice .of .the .peace .courts .which .handle .misdemeanors, .including .traffic .citations) Felony .courts .(often .called ."superior .courts," ."District .courts, .etc." .and .juvenile .courts .(begun .in .1899) Elite .Dominance .of .the .Legal .Profession .in .Colonial .America .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-most .lawyers .worked .on .a .part .time .basis, .as .they .usually .were .men .of .considerable .means .and .thus .had .to .spend .a .lot .of .time .managing .their .property few .went .to .college .at .first, .then .only .Harvard .and .Yale most .founding .fathers .were .lawyers lawyers .in .massachusetts .were .like .a ."who's .who" Obsession .with ."order" .and ."morality" .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Why? -sexual .behavior .of .colonial .citizens .was .often .quite .loose -there .was .much .drinking .and .carrying .on -many .women .were .pregnant .at .time .of .marriage "public" .forms .of .punishment -stocks, .pillory, .whipping, .branding, .etc. -few .went .to .jail .and .there .were .no .prisons -many .were .ordered .to .leave-banishment .common .penalty .as .were .fines "bark .louder .than .bite". -most .cases .dismissed Hunting .for .Witches .and .Religious .Dissidents .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Women .often .singled .out .for .the .prosecution .of .these .offenses why? -considered ."property" .and .lived .an .existence .of .servitude .and .compliance. -when .they .failed .to .comply .with .these .rigors, .they .were .brought .before .the .court -social .control .of .women .very .important .in .colonial .society .where, .ironically, .men .eventually .rebelled .against .their .own .kind .of .submission- .to .the ."mother .country" Salem .Witch .Trials -mostly .women .and .young .girls Witches .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Significance .of .these .trials .champions .the .notion .that .women .were .obviously .prosecuted In .times .of .social .peril, .looking .for .scapegoats .proved .an .adequate .distraction

right .to .counsel .extended .to .various ."critical .stages" .of .the .criminal .justice .process -custodial .interrogation .(miranda .v. .arizona .1963) -preliminary .hearing .(coleman .v. .alabama .1970) -police .lineups .(united .states .v. .wade .1972) competent .counsel .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-court .never .addressed .the .competency .of .lawyers mockery .of .justice .standard: .only .circumstances .so .shocking .that .they .reduce .the .trial .to .a .farce .satisfied .defendants .claim .of .ineffective .counsel but .under .this .guideline .even .defense .lawyers ."who .appeared .in .court .drunk .did .not .violate .this .standard" "critical .stages" .only .include .those .that .occur .after .formal .charges .have .been .filed -do .NOT .include .the ."investigative .stop," .the .actual .arrest, .a .search .following .an .arrest .and .even .custodial .interrogation Assigned .counsel .system .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-the .judge .usually .has .a .list .of .lawyers .in .private .practice .in .a .particular .country .or .a .list .of .those .who .have .volunteered .to .serve .as .counsel .for .indigents. -such .lawyers .are .typically .young .and .inexperienced .and .take .the .cases .because .they .need .money, .experience .or .both -hourly .fees .$25-$ similar .to ."managed .care" .in .the .health .system, .where .in .cases .of .psychotherapy, .therapists .are .hired .by .insurance .companies .to .see .eight .to .ten .clients .each .day .for .a .much .lower .rate not .surprisingly, .the ."care" .received .by .clients .in .each .case .suffers Radical-criminal .trials .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Political .and .social .events .often .end .up .in .the .courts courts .have .always .been .in .the .middle .of .race, .class .and .gender .conflicts .and .with .few .exceptions .they .have .sided .with .those .in .power -EX: .sacco .& .vanzetti. -courts .ruled .in .favor .of .corps .against .unions .during .labor .movement radical .trials .of .1960s .often .ended .with .hung .juries .and .court .rulings .being .overturned, .due .largely .to .Vietnam .War Modern .Era: .The ."War .on .Drugs" .and .Racial .Minorities .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-In .Chicago .there .is .a .separate .courtroom .for .drug .cases

while .during .the .day, .it .is .mostly .white .defendants, .at .night .it .is .almost .all .black 1950-2004 .those .going .to .prison .for .federal .drug .offenses .rose .from .77% .to .93% .while .average .sentence .has .risen .by .277% Three .Strikes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-EX .of ."habitual .offender" .law while .supporters .said .the .law .would .target .only .serious .violent .offenders, .the .results .have .been .far .different. -mostly .minor .offenders .and .drug .offenders .targeted impact .on .black .defendants -43% .of. 3 .strike .defendants .in .Cali The .Death .Penalty .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Furman .v. .Georgia .(1972) .and .Gregg .v. .Georgia .(1976) .were .key .cases .that .opened .floodgates .of .death .penalty .cases -since. 1976 .more .than .5,000 .have .been .sentenced .to .death -the .US .has .used .death .penalty .more .than .any .other .democracy Race .& .the .Death .Penalty .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-disproportionate .#s .of .blacks .have .received .this .penalty studies .consistently .proving .racial .bias -whites .accused .of .murder .more .likely .to .be .charged .with .a .lesser .crime .like .manslaughter -whites .more .likely .to .receive .life -race .of .victim .important .(if .victim .is .white .and .defendant .is .black .the .defendant .is .12X .more .likely .to .get .death .penalty) McCleskey .v. .Kemp .(1987) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Supreme .Court .ruled .that .there .was .no .way .to .prove .prosecutors .had .it .in .for .the .defendant .because .he .was .black -concluded .that .at .best, .all .that .could .be .shown .was .a ."discrepancy .that .appears .to .correlate .with .race." Can .we .prove .Prosecutor .bias? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-nearly .impossible .to .prove .that .a .prosecutor .and .a .jury .have .imposed .the .death .penalty .in .a .particular .case .because .of .the .defendants .race However, .note .there .have .been .a .few .cases .where .there .was .obvious .racism .by .the .jury dobbs .v. .zant .(1989) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Georgia court .rejected .the .appeal .even .though .several .jurors .referred .to .the .african .americans .in .racist .fashions .in .their .conversations even .the .defense .attorney .(court-appointed) .admitted .to .using .n***** .and .believed .that .african .americans .make .good .bball .players, .but .not .teachers