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What |is |the |most |effective |and |safest |way |to |design |a |roadway |system |to |achieve |efficiency? |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Which |of |the |following |problems |is |a |question |of |judgment |that |requires |critical |thinking? |Select |one. a) |What |is |the |fastest |speed |at |which |a |car |can |travel |between |two |distances? | b) |What |is |the |most |scenic |route |one |might |travel |between |two |locations? c) |What |is |the |most |efficient |speed |at |which |one |might |travel |between |two |locations? | d) |What |is |the |most |effective |and |safest |way |to |design |a |roadway |system |to |achieve |efficiency? c) |Determine |the |main |sources |of |potential |information |and |begin |research. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔The |federal |government |is |considering |setting |aside |land |for |a |new |national |monument. |An |employee |in |the |governor's |office |of |the |state |where |the |monument |may |be |designated |is |asked |to |research |the |possible |economic |impact |of |the |designation. |What |critical |thinking |strategy |should |the |employee |employ |to |clarify |the |issue? a) |Discuss |the |issue |with |other |employees |in |the |governor's |office |to |see |how |they |feel |about |it. b) |Determine |whether |the |governor |supports |or |opposes |the |monument |designation. | | c) |Determine |the |main |sources |of |potential |information |and |begin |research. |
d) |Research |the |economic |impact |of |every |national |monument |in |every |state. | | e) |Write |out |all |arguments |that |both |favor |and |oppose |the |monument |for |the |governor's |review. e) |It |is |not |possible |to |know |the |accuracy |of |either |expert's |evidence |from |the |information |given. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔A |to |E Through |a |bond |issue, |a |city |council |has |the |funding |to |create |bike |lanes |in |the |city; |however, |they |cannot |agree |upon |the |routes |and |upon |which |streets |should |contain |the |bike |lanes. |Expert |A |has |presented |evidence |about |traffic |flow |and |bicycle |safety, |concluding |that |bike |lanes |should |be |put |on |residential |streets |where |possible |and |kept |off |the |busier |main |corridors. |Expert |A's |evidence |shows |that |this |increases |safety |for |the |bikers |even |though |it |may |mean |they |will |ride |longer |distances. |Expert |B |has |presented |evidence |about |traffic |flow |and |bicycle |safety |that |concludes |that |the |main |corridors |are |the |better |and |safer |choice |for |bike |lanes |because |they |are |wider |and |more |easily |accessible. |The |city |decides |to |go |with |Expert |A's |evidence |and |installs |the |bike |lanes |on |residential |streets. |Shortly |after |the |bike |lanes |open, |a |biker |is |seriously |injured |when |hit |by |a |car |backing |out |of |a |driveway. Which |o h) |The |evidence |of |both |experts |was |relevant. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔F |to |J Through |a |bond |issue, |a |city |council |has |the |funding |to |create |bike |lanes |in |the |city; |however, |they |cannot |agree |upon |the |routes |and |upon |which |streets |should |contain |the |bike |lanes. |Expert |A |has |presented |evidence |about |traffic |flow |and |bicycle |safety, |concluding |that |bike |lanes |should |be |put |on |residential |streets |where |possible |and |kept |off |the |busier |main |corridors. |Expert |A's |evidence |shows |that |this |increases |safety |for |the |bikers |even |though |it |may |mean |they |will |ride |longer |distances. |Expert |B |has |presented |evidence |about |traffic |flow |and |bicycle |safety |that |concludes |that |the |main |corridors |are |the |better |and |safer |choice |for |bike |lanes |because |they |are |wider |and |more |easily |accessible. |The |city |decides |to |go |with |Expert |A's |evidence |and |installs |the |bike |lanes |on |residential |streets. |Shortly |after |the |bike |lanes |open, |a |biker |is |seriously |injured |when |hit |by |a |car |backing |out |of |a |driveway. Which |of a) |Have |we |identified |the |negative |implications |of |the |proposed |solution? |
| e) |Have |we |identified |the |parties |who |could |be |affected |by |this |solution |and |considered |the |implications |to |them? | f) |Have |we |adequately |communicated |the |implications |to |all |interested |parties? d) |Determining |the |best |way |to |design |a |college |campus. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔In |which |of |the |following |situations |would |it |be |most |appropriate |to |apply |critical |thinking? |Select |one: a) |Choosing |a |college |for |a |son |or |daughter. | b) |Buying |a |safe |car |for |a |teenager. | | c) |Deciding |how |much |to |set |aside |in |a |college |fund |for |a |child. | | d) |Determining |the |best |way |to |design |a |college |campus. a) |The |website |of |an |educational |company |that |sells |reading |curriculum |products |to |schools |and |teachers. | d) |A |study |done |by |the |U.S. |Department |of |Education |showing |the |effectiveness |of |after- school |reading |programs |in | 30 |different |school |districts. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔A |local |school |board |is |trying |to |decide |whether |to |fund |a |new |after-school |reading |program |for |struggling |students. |Which |of |the |following |sources |would |likely |be |relevant |to |the |decision |being |made? | Choose |two |answers. a) |The |website |of |an |educational |company |that |sells |reading |curriculum |products |to |schools |and |teachers. | | b) |A |complaint |from |a |parent |who |claims |his |child |is |falling |behind |in |reading. |
c) |A |study |done |by |the |National |Education |Association |showing |American |reading |levels |are |above |those |of |seven |other |comparable |countries. | | d) |A |study |done |by |the |U.S. |Department |of |Education |showing |the |effectiveness |of |after- school |reading |programs |in | 30 |different |school |districts. | e) |A |recent |editorial |in |the |newspaper |claiming |the |city |doesn't |have |enough |after |school |programs |to |keep |kids |"off |the |streets." c) |Create |government |incentives |to |encourage |the |creation |of |academic |and |work |environments |that |promote |movement |and |discourage |sitting |for |long |periods. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔A |to |C A |recent |study |published |in |the |American |Journal |of |Epidemiology |found |that |people |who |spend |most |of |their |days |in |a |job |that |requires |sitting |have |a |higher |mortality |rate |than |those |whose |jobs |require |more |movement. |The |study |found |that |even |for |people |who |exercise |regularly, |spending |long |stretches |of |time |sitting |at |a |desk |is |still |harmful. |The |study |found |that |within |four |hours |of |sitting, |the |body |begins |to |send |harmful |signals |and |the |genes |that |regulate |glucose |and |fat |begin |to |shut |down. |The |researchers |suggest |that |even |small |movements |such |as |standing |to |watch |a |child's |soccer |game |or |pacing |while |talking |on |the |phone |can |make |a |big |difference. |While |most |consider |this |an |individual |problem, |the |obesity-related |illnesses |caused |by |too |much |sitting |have |a |social |impact |in |terms |of |health |care |availability |and |health |care |costs |for |all |citizens. Which |of |the |following |are |plausible |solutions |to |the |so d) |Enact |national, |state, |and |local |educational |campaigns |to |encourage |people |to |sit |less. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔D |to |F A |recent |study |published |in |the |American |Journal |of |Epidemiology |found |that |people |who |spend |most |of |their |days |in |a |job |that |requires |sitting |have |a |higher |mortality |rate |than |those |whose |jobs |require |more |movement. |The |study |found |that |even |for |people |who |exercise |regularly, |spending |long |stretches |of |time |sitting |at |a |desk |is |still |harmful. |The |study |found |that |within |four |hours |of |sitting, |the |body |begins |to |send |harmful |signals |and |the |genes |that |regulate |glucose |and |fat |begin |to |shut |down. |The |researchers |suggest |that |even |small |movements |such |as |standing |to |watch |a |child's |soccer |game |or |pacing |while |talking |on |the |phone |can |make |a |big |difference. |While |most |consider |this |an |individual |problem, |the
Which |of |the |following |questions |would |help |you |determine |if |your |research |meets |the |standard |of |sufficiency? d) |Have |I |included |my |personal |experience |with |my |cousin |who |has |cancer? | e) |Have |I |considered |multiple, |diverse |points |of |view? | |f) |Have |I |checked |with |fellow |senatorial |aides |in |the |same |political |party? a) |Hasty |generalizations | c) |Oversimplify |the |issue | |e) |Create |a |false |dilemma |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔The |following |represents |the |testimony |of |a |mayor |of |a |small |town |who |appeared |in |front |of |a |congressional |committee |meeting |to |discuss |the |process |of |designating |national |parks |and |monuments: "The |establishment |of |the |Greatest |Ever |National |Monument |has |had |a |devastating |impact |on |the |economy |and |people |of |my |city |and |county. |It |has |come |to |our |attention |that |a |non-profit |group |has |issued |a |report |titled |Greatest |Ever |National |Monument: |A |Summary |of |Economic |Performance |in |the |Surrounding |Communities, |which |indicates |that |there |has |been |a |strong, |positive |economic |impact |to |our |county |from |the |establishment |of |the |Greatest |Ever |National |Monument. |This |is |completely |contrary |to |our |own |observation |and |analysis. "The |report |indicates |significant |increases |in |real |personal |income |and |real |per |capita |income. |This |is |completely |false |with |regards |to |our |county. |In |summary, |the |establishment |of |the |Greatest |Ever |Nationa b) |Analyze |the |demographic |changes |of |the |neighborhood |over |the |last |ten |years. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔The |population |in |a |suburban |elementary |school |has
|decreased |over |a |ten-year |period |from | 360 |students |to | 175 |students |prompting |the |school |board |to |question |whether |they |should |keep |it |open |or |bus |students |to |another |neighborhood. |The |parents |of |the |remaining |students |are |fighting |to |keep |it |open, |but |to |make |a |good |argument, |they |first |need |to |understand |the |cause |of |the |decreasing |population. |Some |of |them |think |it |is |due |to |the |aging |population |of |the |neighborhood, |some |believe |it |is |due |to |the |declining |quality |of |the |school, |others |believe |it |is |due |to |an |influx |of |"home- teaching" |parents |into |the |neighborhood. Which |one |of |the |following |activities |would |best |help |clarify |the |causes |of |the |problem? |Select |one |answer. a) |Compare |the |demographic |of |this |neighborhood |with |nearby |neighborhoods. | | b) |Analyze |the |demographic |changes |of |the |neighborhood |over |the |last |ten |years. | c) |Talk |to |home-schooling |parents |to a) |They |might |look |for |shared |characteristics |in |the |types |of |disabilities |of |the |deceased. | c) |They |might |look |for |shared |characteristics |among |the |staff |members |caring |for |the |deceased |such |as |hours |worked, |years |of |experience, |etc. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |**✔✔A |recent |article |in |the |New |York |Times |stated |that |more |than |1,200 |deaths— 1 |in |every | 6 —of |the |developmentally |disabled |in |state |and |privately |run |group |homes |were |due |to |unnatural |or |unknown |causes. |Investigators |for |the |paper |have |been |looking |for |causes |for |such |a |high |death |rate. What |approaches |might |the |investigators |take |if |they |were |using |the |common |factor |method? a) |They |might |look |for |shared |characteristics |in |the |types |of |disabilities |of |the |deceased. | b) |They |might |isolate |those |who |died |in |the |presence |of |a |staff |member |from |the |rest. |
a) |He |believed |in |the |practicality |of |legal |restrictions |and |fiscal |responsibility |of |government. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔William |F. |Buckley, |a |prominent |conservative, |surprised |many |of |his |fellow |conservatives |by |supporting |the |legalization |of |drugs |to |be |treated |in |much |the |same |manner |as |alcohol—"regulate |it, |control |it, |tax |it, |and |make |it |illegal |only |for |children." |In |what |way |is |Buckley's |point |of |view |on |this |issue |consistent |with |his |conservative |views? a) |He |believed |in |the |practicality |of |legal |restrictions |and |fiscal |responsibility |of |government. | b) |He |believed |in |tradition |and |stability |above |all |else. c) |He |believed |there |had |to |be |an |alignment |between |what |behavior |was |"legal" |in |society |and |what |behavior |was |"approved" |by |society. | d) |He |believed |that |the |country's |moral |decline |is |largely |due |to |illegal |drug |use. c) |Deconstruct |news |stories |and |reconstruct |them |with |alternative |biases |and |slants. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔How |might |one |go |about |reading |a |daily |newspaper |with |as |little |influence |from |biased |reporting |as |possible? |a) |Choose |a |newspaper |that |you |know |to |be |free |of |bias. | b) |Choose |a |newspaper |that |matches |your |values |and |political |views. | |c) |Deconstruct |news |stories |and |reconstruct |them |with |alternative |biases |and |slants. | |d) |Read |carefully, |deeply, |and |slowly. a) |All |reasoning |begins |with |assumptions |because |reasoning |must |take |some |things |for |granted
c) |A |defective |assumption |can |lead |to |defective |reasoning. | d) |Some |assumptions |are |justifiable. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Which |of |the |following |statements |about |the |influence |of |assumptions |within |reasoning |is |correct? a) |All |reasoning |begins |with |assumptions |because |reasoning |must |take |some |things |for |granted. b) |One |should |rid |oneself |of |all |assumptions |before |beginning |the |reasoning |process. | c) |A |defective |assumption |can |lead |to |defective |reasoning. | d) |Some |assumptions |are |justifiable. | e) |One |does |not |need |to |be |aware |of |his/her |own |assumptions |as |long |as |the |reasoning |is |solid. c) |The |man's |deceased |relatives |were |heavy |smokers; |he |does |not |smoke |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔A | 55 - year-old |man |went |to |see |his |doctor |for |a |routine |physical. |The |man's |father |had |died |from |a |heart |attack |at |the |age |of |62, |the |man's |older |brother |had |died |from |a |heart |attack |at |age |63, |and |the |man's |grandfather |had |died |from |a |heart |attack |at |the |age |of |60. |Therefore, |the |man |inferred |that |he |too |could |possibly |die |of |a |heart |attack |at |a |relatively |young |age |based |upon |the |assumption |that |genetic |heart |problems |run |in |his |family. Which |one |of |the |following |statements |would |help |evaluate |the |validity |of |this |assumption? |Select |one. a) |There |is |a |good |reason |to |believe |that |this |man |will |have |a |heart |attack. | b) |A |recent |magazine |article |states |that |heart |attacks |are |the |number |one |killer |of |men |over |60. | c) |The |man's |deceased |relatives |were |heavy |smokers; |he |does |not |smoke. | d) |Recent |medical |advances |and |technology |have |decreased |the |early |death |by |heart |failure.
What |is |the |logical |first |step |in |the |process |of |analyzing |the |issue? a) |Clarify |the |question |at |issue. | b) |Make |phone |calls |to |bar |owners. c) |Make |phone |calls |to |legislators. | d) |Outline |the |consequences |of |the |restrictions. e) |Draft |the |story. a) |The |evidence |from |the |plant |employees |should |be |evaluated |with |skepticism. c) |The |claims |of |the |testing |results |should |be |evaluated |with |skepticism. f) |More |information |is |needed |before |drawing |further |conclusions. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Newspaper |journalists |are |investigating |numerous |complaints |from |town |citizens |living |near |a |manufacturer |of |carbon |black, |pure |carbon |particles |commonly |used |as |a |reinforcing |agent |in |tires. |The |facts |they |uncovered |are |as |follows: |Complaints |from |citizens |include |breathing |problems |and |a |black |silt-like |substance |covering |cars, |lawns, |clothing, |homes, |and |pets. |The |president |of |the |manufacturing |company |claims |that |tests |done |on |the |black |silt |found |in |the |town |showed |that |the |substance |was |not |engineered |carbon. |The |tests |showed |that |the |substance |could |have |been |mold, |mildew, |or |ash. |The |test |results |referred |to |by |the |president |are |not |available. |An |environmental |engineer |claims |that |carbon |black |is |difficult |to |test |because |the |composition |of |it |changes |as |it |enters |and |reacts |with |the |atmosphere. |Employees |from |the |state |department |of |environmental |quality |have |never |seen |black |carbon |blowing |from |the |n d) |Although |other |factors |may |come |into |play, |a |broader |approach |to |sex |education |may |help |mitigate |all |factors |at |play. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Last |week, |a |large |school |district
|had |called |a |special |school |board |meeting |at |the |request |of |a |parent/teacher |group |to |discuss |sex |education |in |the |high |schools. |Five |years |ago, |the |school |board |had |made |a |decision |with |pressure |from |parents |to |teach |"abstinence |only" |as |its |only |form |of |sex |education. |Since |that |time, |teen |pregnancy |in |the |school |district |has |increased | 23 |percent |and |sexually |transmitted |diseases |have |also |increased. |The |parent/teacher |group |is |split |almost |evenly. |Some |of |them |believe |that |"abstinence |only" |is |working |and |other |factors |are |to |blame |for |the |increases; |others |believe |that |the |abstinence |only |education |has |failed, |and |they |are |requesting |that |additional |sex |education |be |considered. |After |continued |discussions, |school |board |has |just |released |its |decision |to |include |education |about |contraception |and |birth |control |as |well |as |sexual |development |and |reproduction |in |its |sex |education |cour a) |They |make |assumptions |about |the |desired |character |of |a |town. | c) |They |make |assumptions |about |the |influence |of |the |franchise. | d) |The |assumptions |made |have |not |been |shown |to |be |valid. |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |**✔✔The |city |council |of |a |small |community |is |meeting |to |discuss |a |city |ordinance |that |does |not |allow |"chain |restaurants" |of |any |size |within |the |city |limits. |A |citizen |who |wants |to |open |a |popular |fried |chicken |franchise |is |attempting |to |get |the |ordinance |changed. |A |group |called |"locals |only" |that |opposes |the |new |chicken |franchise |says |that |if |the |ordinance |is |changed |the |town |will |lose |its |character, |its |uniqueness, |and |local |citizens |with |food |establishments |will |be |forced |out |of |business. Why |might |the |reasoning |of |the |"locals |only" |group |be |questioned? a) |They |make |assumptions |about |the |desired |character |of |a |town. | b) |They |have |no |basis |for |their |comments. | |c) |They |make |assumptions |about |the |influence |of |the |franchise. | d) |The |assumptions |made |have |not |been |shown |to |be |valid. |
Question | 23 |- |Answer | 2 The |person |who |conducted |the |study |is |a |former |Food |and |Drug |Administration |economist |and |an |assistant |professor |of |consumer |sciences |at |Ohio |State |University. a) |strength |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Question | 23 |- |Question | 2 |of |8: The |person |who |conducted |the |study |is |a |former |Food |and |Drug |Administration |economist |and |an |assistant |professor |of |consumer |sciences |at |Ohio |State |University. a) |strength b) |weakness Question | 23 |- |Answer | 3 The |study |included |estimates |of |aggregate |economic |losses |including |long-term |pain |and |suffering |losses |and |other |"quality |of |life" |losses. b) |weakness |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Question | 23 |- |Question | 3 |of |8: The |study |included |estimates |of |aggregate |economic |losses |including |long-term |pain |and |suffering |losses |and |other |"quality |of |life" |losses. a) |strength b) |weakness Question | 23 |- |Answer | 4
To |mitigate |the |health-care |cost |uncertainties, |the |study |employed |confidence |intervals |and |a |sensitivity |analysis. a) |strength |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Question | 23 |- |Question | 4 |of |8: To |mitigate |the |health-care |cost |uncertainties, |the |study |employed |confidence |intervals |and |a |sensitivity |analysis. a) |strength b) |weakness Question | 23 |- |Answer |5: The |methodology |followed |principles |used |by |economists |at |the |FDA |and |the |USDA, |the |two |primary |food |safety |agencies. a) |strength |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Question | 23 |- |Question | 5 |of |8: The |methodology |followed |principles |used |by |economists |at |the |FDA |and |the |USDA, |the |two |primary |food |safety |agencies. a) |strength b) |weakness Question | 23 |- |Answer |6: The |primary |objective |of |the |study |was |to |encourage |policymakers |to |enact |legislation |that |will |increase |food |safety |standards |in |the |U.S.
The |outbreak |data |for |produce |does |not |distinguish |between |fresh, |canned, |and |processed |items. a) |strength b) |weakness Question | 31 |- |Answer | 1 Losing |muscle |mass |due |to |aging |may |not |be |inevitable. b) |reasoning |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |**✔✔Question | 31 |- |Question | 1 |of |7: This |set |of |seven |questions |all |pertain |to |the |following |research. A |recent |study |of | 40 |competitive |runners, |cyclists, |and |swimmers—male |and |female— between |the |ages |of | 40 |and | 81 |published |in |the |journal |The |Physician |and |Sports |Medicine, |yielded |the |following |information: |The |measured |muscle |mass |of |those |participants |in |the |upper |age |groups |was |comparable |to |those |in |the |lower |age |groups |leading |scientists |to |believe |that |losing |muscle |mass |due |to |aging |may |not |be |inevitable. |There |was |little |fat |infiltration |in |the |muscles |of |all |participants |leading |scientist |to |believe |that |the |reduced |function |caused |by |aging |may |not |be |caused |by |aging |at |all |but |instead |may |be |caused |by |inactivity. |The |scientists |noted |a |drop-off |in |leg |muscle |strength |around |age | 60 |in |both |men |and |women. |The | 70 - |and | 80 - year-old |athletes |were |as |strong |as |the | 60 - year-old |athletes. |The |weekly |physical |activi Question | 31 |- |Answer | 2
Muscle |mass |of |those |participants |in |the |upper |age |groups |was |comparable |to |those |in |the |lower |age |groups. a) |evidence |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Question | 31 |- |Question | 2 |of |7: Muscle |mass |of |those |participants |in |the |upper |age |groups |was |comparable |to |those |in |the |lower |age |groups. a) |evidence b) |reasoning Question | 31 |- |Answer | 3 There |was |little |fat |infiltration |in |the |muscles |of |all |participants. a) |evidence |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |✔✔Question | 31 |- |Question | 3 |of |7: There |was |little |fat |infiltration |in |the |muscles |of |all |participants. a) |evidence b) |reasoning Question | 31 |- |Answer | 4 Reduced |function |may |be |caused |by |inactivity |rather |than |by |aging. b) |reasoning |- |...,. VERIFIED |ANSWER |**✔✔Question | 31 |- |Question | 4 |of |7:
