Oklahoma State University – Oklahoma City
Critical Thinking
Lecture Notes Two
PHIL 1313
Fall 2022
Contents: What is critical thinking? (Part Two)
Lecture Notes Two
Why Critical Thinking?
The Problem
Everyone thinks; it is our nature to do so. But much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted,
partial, uninformed or down-right prejudiced. Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce,
make, or build depends precisely on the quality of our thought. Shoddy thinking is costly, both in money
and in quality of life. Excellence in thought, however, must be systematically cultivated.
A Definition
Critical thinking is that mode of thinking - about any subject, content, or problem - in which the thinker
improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in
thinking and
imposing intellectual standards upon them.
The Result
A well cultivated critical thinker:
raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely;
gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively comes to well-
reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards;
thinks open-mindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their
assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and
communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems.
