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Crim Test 1 | SOC - Criminology, Quizzes of Criminology

Class: SOC - Criminology; Subject: Sociology; University: Towson University; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 02/21/2012

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TERM 1
Criminology
DEFINITION 1
study of forms, causes and reactions to crime-
multidisciplinary social science
TERM 2
social sciences
DEFINITION 2
human society and individual relationships in & to society
TERM 3
evolution of criminology
DEFINITION 3
theological->metaphysical->scientific(religion) (choice)
TERM 4
Emile Durkheim
DEFINITION 4
-french sociologist-crime is normal-part of a healthy
functioning society-where there is conformity, there is
deviance
TERM 5
consensus model
DEFINITION 5
society is in consensus about what is criminal-laws reflect
these agreements
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Criminology

study of forms, causes and reactions to crime-

multidisciplinary social science

TERM 2

social sciences

DEFINITION 2

human society and individual relationships in & to society

TERM 3

evolution of criminology

DEFINITION 3

theological->metaphysical->scientific(religion) (choice)

TERM 4

Emile Durkheim

DEFINITION 4

-french sociologist-crime is normal-part of a healthy

functioning society-where there is conformity, there is

deviance

TERM 5

consensus model

DEFINITION 5

society is in consensus about what is criminal-laws reflect

these agreements

conflict model

society is made up of groups in conflict laws reflect the

interests of group in power

TERM 7

Uniform Crime Report(UCR)

DEFINITION 7

began in 1930voluntary reporting by PDsPart I

offenses(index)Part II offenses(nt used in crime rate)

TERM 8

Crime

rate

DEFINITION 8

# index crimes/population x100,

TERM 9

weaknesses and limitations of UCR

DEFINITION 9

only crimes reported to police-hierarchy rule-emphasis on

street crime

TERM 10

National incident-Based Reporting

System(NIBRS)

DEFINITION 10

-better incident-level info for crimes-more offender&victim

info-all data underestimates amount of crime because of the

"dark figure" of crime

correlation

things that tend to vary systematically in relation to

eachotherpositive:trending togethernegative: opposite

TERM 17

south

DEFINITION 17

south has highest amount of crime

TERM 18

cartharsis hypothesis

DEFINITION 18

watching others commit crimes makes you less likely do it

TERM 19

precipitation hypothesis

DEFINITION 19

increase their aggression

TERM 20

Classical School of Criminology

DEFINITION 20

-during "metaphysical" era (1700s)-swift punishment,

severegoal: deter future crime, should outweigh benefits

Cesare Beccaria

Italian-punishment should be swift, certain& severe-control

crime by making fear of punishment greater than any

benefits

TERM 22

Jeremy Bentham

DEFINITION 22

English-people are hedonistic(act to maximize pleasure)

TERM 23

punishment philosophy

DEFINITION 23

designed to deter that person & everyone else in future

TERM 24

Early Deterrence Theory

DEFINITION 24

assumptions: humans are rational, self-interested creatures,

people choose to commit crime-studying decision-making

process to commit crime

TERM 25

Revitalization of Deterrence

DEFINITION 25

???? LOOK IT UP

RCT

is an extension of Neoclassicism

TERM 32

Criticisms of RCT

DEFINITION 32

impulsivity research:-are all decisions really rational?many

criminals do not report planning crimes-many didnt consider

consequences

TERM 33

pogersky

DEFINITION 33

against equal rationality-acute conformists-deterrable

offenders-incorrigibles

TERM 34

Routine Activities Theory (RAT)

DEFINITION 34

all about the victims

TERM 35

lifestyle theory

DEFINITION 35

more likely to be a victim if living a risky lifestyle

Cohen and Felson

crime is everyday-feature of social &economic process

TERM 37

Felson

DEFINITION 37

Crime and Everyday lifemore time spent w/parents = less

delinquency

TERM 38

Positivism

DEFINITION 38

empirical scientific investigation for the improvement of

society-focus on the actor not the criminal act

TERM 39

Phrenology

DEFINITION 39

using skull shape, measuring bumps on head to determine

personality

TERM 40

physiognomy

DEFINITION 40

measuring facial/body features to determine personality

Autonomic nervous system

suggests criminals have lower resting heart rate

TERM 47

perinatal risks

DEFINITION 47

high-risk maternal behaviortramatic deliverylow birth weight

TERM 48

programs to improve early childhood

parenting

DEFINITION 48

works!

TERM 49

critique of neobiological theories

DEFINITION 49

small sample sizes

TERM 50

healthy psyche

DEFINITION 50

balanced: Id, Ego, Superego

BF Skinner

behavioral modification...based on rewards and punishments

TERM 52

positive

reinforcement

DEFINITION 52

strengthens a behavior beause a positive conditon is

increased

TERM 53

negative

reinforcement

DEFINITION 53

strengthens a behavior because a negative condition is

decreased(avoid something negative)

TERM 54

punishment

DEFINITION 54

weakens a behavior because a negative condition is

experienced as a consequence

TERM 55

Albert Bandura

DEFINITION 55

"Bobo doll study"people learn aggression by observing others

Gesellschaft

associational, secular societies

TERM 62

manifest functions

DEFINITION 62

intended or planned consequences

TERM 63

latent functions

DEFINITION 63

unintended or unanticipated consequences