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Crazy Horse and Custer Questions - United States History | HIST 2010, Study notes of United States History

Crazy horse and custer questions Material Type: Notes; Professor: Pickard; Class: United States History I RODP; Subject: History; University: Motlow State Community College; Term: Fall 2010;

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 12/14/2010

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Page One
In the introduction, what parallels does Ambrose see in the lives of Crazy Horse and Custer?
-“Two men who died as they lived. They were both war lovers, men of aggression with deeply
rooted instinct to charge the enemy, rout him, kill him. Men of supreme courage, they were
natural-born leaders in a combat crisis, the type to whom others instinctively looked for guidance
and inspiration. They were always the first to charge the enemy, and last to retreat.”
-They were born about the same time, and died within a year of each other
-Both had happy childhoods.
-Became honored leaders at a young age. (Custer 23. CH 24)
-Humiliated and punished at the height of their careers for breaking laws to be with the women
they loved. Recovered from the blows and came back to leadership roles.
-Had younger brothers who were even bigger daredevils and risk-takers then they were.
-Did not drink
-Avid hunters.
-Loved horses, and riding at full speed day in and day out
What was life on the plains like for the Sioux? What impression did the fur traders have of the
Sioux? What observations did Francis Parkman make?
- There were many horses, and abundance of buffalo for food, they would combine their
tribes to protect each other, they need not believe in dividing the rich and the poor. If a
man had too many horses then he would make sure someone that did not have a horse
now had one. Not one single person alone was wealthy, but the tribe together was.
-The fur traders believed that the problem with the plain Indians is that they were too
rich. They thought they were lazy and would not work. They commented on their
bravery, endurance, and horsemanship. They ate to much and had no plans for the
future.
-Francis Parkman observed how a whole village could decide not to do any work that day
and sleep the whole day away. However, if they were awakened to do something they were
full of energy. He could not keep up with them when they were awake. They could pack
up a single village in little time and be on there way.
Why were the Sioux “… in a state of flux” when Crazy Horse was born. What did Sitting Bull
think?
-They did not want to change their ways of living but they wanted the white man’s guns,
coffee, whiskey, and metal. Al of which they could not have if they did not change their
ways.
-He wanted his people to go back to the ways of his ancestors. “The whites may get me at
last, but I will have good times till then. You are fools to make yourselves slaves to a piece
of fat bacon, some hardtack, and a little sugar and coffee.”
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Page One In the introduction, what parallels does Ambrose see in the lives of Crazy Horse and Custer?

  • “Two men who died as they lived. They were both war lovers, men of aggression with deeply rooted instinct to charge the enemy, rout him, kill him. Men of supreme courage, they were natural-born leaders in a combat crisis, the type to whom others instinctively looked for guidance and inspiration. They were always the first to charge the enemy, and last to retreat.”
  • They were born about the same time, and died within a year of each other
  • Both had happy childhoods.
  • Became honored leaders at a young age. (Custer 23. CH 24)
  • Humiliated and punished at the height of their careers for breaking laws to be with the women they loved. Recovered from the blows and came back to leadership roles.
  • Had younger brothers who were even bigger daredevils and risk-takers then they were.
  • Did not drink
  • Avid hunters.
  • Loved horses, and riding at full speed day in and day out What was life on the plains like for the Sioux? What impression did the fur traders have of the Sioux? What observations did Francis Parkman make?
  • There were many horses, and abundance of buffalo for food, they would combine their tribes to protect each other, they need not believe in dividing the rich and the poor. If a man had too many horses then he would make sure someone that did not have a horse now had one. Not one single person alone was wealthy, but the tribe together was.
  • The fur traders believed that the problem with the plain Indians is that they were too rich. They thought they were lazy and would not work. They commented on their bravery, endurance, and horsemanship. They ate to much and had no plans for the future.
  • Francis Parkman observed how a whole village could decide not to do any work that day and sleep the whole day away. However, if they were awakened to do something they were full of energy. He could not keep up with them when they were awake. They could pack up a single village in little time and be on there way. Why were the Sioux “… in a state of flux” when Crazy Horse was born. What did Sitting Bull think?
  • They did not want to change their ways of living but they wanted the white man’s guns, coffee, whiskey, and metal. Al of which they could not have if they did not change their ways.
  • He wanted his people to go back to the ways of his ancestors. “The whites may get me at last, but I will have good times till then. You are fools to make yourselves slaves to a piece of fat bacon, some hardtack, and a little sugar and coffee.”

What were “two myths” about Indians, held by whites? What did the two parties agree upon? What was the “Key to the American character,” and how did this conflict with the Sioux character?

  • Indians were always honest and always a liar, always courageous and forever a coward, always happy and forever a downcast, always colorful and attractive in appearance and forever dirty and disgusting, always faithful and king and forever disloyal and cruel.
  • They agreed that Indians should be removed.
  • The key to the American character is dynamism.
  • American wanted to work the land and transform it, making it better. Whereas, the Indians lived off the land and did nothing to improve it. How was “Curley” raised, and what was his family like? How did games play a part in his training for manhood? What signs did he learn on the plains?
  • When he was born his mother made sure he did not cry. His family was a solid, respected one among the Indians. His father was crazy horse. Spent most his infanthood on a cradleboard, fed on demand. By one year old he was eating buffalo meat. By two he was eating soup from a spoon. Everything the tribe had was shared. Never struck by an adult.
  • Games helped him learn the customs of his people. They toughened him up for what was to come.
  • He learned to see everything about this environment and remember it. When a jay flew with his mouth empty he was going to get water, but if it was full of mud he had come from water. How were boys trained to be warriors?
  • By playing games with the other boys. Like fighting and pretending to be at war. Hunting, too. Learning to ride horses and how to see their environment and all the sign from it. Why were the W inktes different, and what was the tribe’s attitude about them?
  • When boys are young they have dreams or visions that tell that they should be a warrior or something else. Winktes are two-spirited people. Some explain this as the mother had twin but only one was born, while the other lays dormant inside the live one. Eventually it will awaken and the boy will have two souls. The tribe respected them and they had a place within the tribe. What purpose did the Akicita societies serve?
  • Military
  • Serving as legislative and executive bodies, made laws when needed and were the police to enforce them, kept order

because the horse needed its tail when he jumped a stream and in the summer time to brush flies. He said that before going into battle Curly should pass some dust over his horse in lines abd streaks but should not paint the pony. And he should rub some of the dirt over his own hair and body. Then he would never be killed by a bullet or by an enemy. But he should never take anything for himself. All the while the man and the horse were floating, brushing aside constant attacks from a shadowy enemy. But he rode straight through them, straight through the flying arrows and lead balls, which always disappeared before striking their target. Several times the man and horse were held back, it seemed by his own people coming up from behind and catching his arms, but he shook them off and rode on. A storm came uo and on he man’s cheek a little zigzag of lighting appeared and a few hail spots on his body. Then the storm passed, and the man’s people closed in around him, grabbing and pulling, while overhead a hawk screamed.”

  • Crazy Horse told Curly that Curly was the man in the dream. That he must do as he said, dress as he dressed, wear a single hawk feather in his hair, a small stone behind his ear. He must lead his people and never take anything for himself. What did Curley think about after joining the Cheyenne in battle against the soldiers on July 29, 1857?
  • He is only fifteen at this point and he has already seen three Indian camps destroyed or abandoned in the past three years and saw few soldiers harmed. Believed if the Sioux worked together they could defeat the white’s. What did Lt. Warren and Bear’s Rib discuss?
  • Bear’s Rib agreed that Warren could head north for Bear’s Butte, but then he must march east, away from Pa Sapa , the holy place. In return, Warren was to tell the president that the Indian people just wanted to be left be. From this point, what was the central point of Curley’s Life?
  • The Sioux war with the western Plains Indians would be a central fact in Curly’s life. Why was seven year old Autie a “hawk” on the Mexican War?
  • He waved a penny flag and yelled out, “My voice is for war!” What did his teachers teach him, and what did the schools emphasize?
  • Taught discipline and respect for authority
  • Emphasized American history, especially on the Revolution and the Constitution. Emphasized on the principle of the equality of white American’s, but recognize the existence of a class society.

What kind of boyhood did he have in Monroe?

  • At first he met snobby people and did little petty jobs for little money, mostly for the judge so he could see the judge’s daughter. He later moved back home and then returned, most likely for the better schools. He went to a boys academy and graduated from there and returned to Ohio to after getting a job. Why was he a popular teacher?
  • He would play with the boys, wash girl’s faces in the snow, and play the accordion for opening exercises. Loved to argue about politics just as his father had. What kind of student was Custer at West Point? What does Ambrose say about his graduating last in his class?
  • “a slovenly soldier and a deplorable student… a tardy and a clumsy recruit who persistently was punished for slackness in drill, dirty equipment, or disorderly uniform.” Custer refused to live by regulations and bad in his studies. The overall picture is of an irresponsible and irrepressible adolescent who came perilously close to being thrown out of the Academy on numerous occasions.
  • He completed four year, but Harley unchanged. Although, he learned the importance of institutional obedience and the importance of selective obedience. He learned to regard all his fellow cadets as competitors in a race for positions and honor. He came to understand that he would be judged, and ranked every day. Learned some social grace, Spanish, mathematics. Learned a sense of timing. Why was Custer’s arrest “revealing”? How did it work to his advantage in receiving an assignment?
  • It revealed that Custer allowed instincts to prevail over his obligations of an officer.
  • It rendered the action and proceedings of the court-martial in the case nugatory. Why were the years following 1858 good for the Oglalas? How does Crazy Horse grow to maturity and become a leader?
  • Free of white soldiers. Drove Shoshonis and Crows from the Powder River country, making that prime buffalo range their own. Growing horse herds. No longer begging for handout on the Holy Road or drinking. Living in best hunting country in North America.
  • Maturity and Leadership: Shooting and killing for his people to eat. Stealing. Different strong emotions throughout what happens (fallen comrades.) Other men wanted to follow him into battle.

What “idiosyncrasies” of Crazy Horse harden into habits?

  • Throwing dust over him and his horse.
  • Wearing nothing more than a breechcloth and leggings
  • A single hawk feather in his hair
  • A stone behind his ear and under his armpit
  • Would not participate in emotional plays
  • Would not smoke tobacco if it was pressed down by a stick How did both sides prepare for an “all-out struggle”?
  • They were choosing new leaders. Crazy Horse being one for the Indians. Why was the Civil War the great event of Custer’s life? How did he become a Brigadier General?
  • He won national prominence and thoroughly enjoyed those four bloody years. He always enjoyed new experiences.
  • He fought his way to his position despite his politics.
  • Custer’s record helped in the “promotion”. Pleasonton saw Custer in action and thought of him for the job. How did he ride to the top of his profession on the backs of his soldiers? How did he get a “decent return on the investment of his men’s lives at Appomattox?
  • He charged his enemy no matter where he was or how many the numbers or his numbers or his position. This caused many of his men to die. “rode to the top of his career over the backs of his fallen soldiers.”
  • Although he lost many of his men’s lives he got news coverage of the great battles he fought in. The numbers need not matter then, most likely were not even mentioned. All that mattered what how well he looked. He also took many prisoners, maybe more than the number of his men that died. How did whites and Indians contrast in their ways of making war?
  • White soldiers would follow their leaders into near-certain death, something Indians warriors would never do. The white’s gave much more power or fame to their leaders than the Indians would ever dream of. Discipline stood mostly with the white soldier. Indians went more on courage and what they thought had to be done. Who was Custer’s favorite aide, and how did the aide distinguish himself?
  • Custer’s favorite aide was his younger brother Tom.
  • Tom captured the enemy’s colors and was shot in the face for it. He received the

Congressional Medal of Honor. Why did the newspapers love Custer?

  • The newspapers romanticized Custer as being a great man winning many battles. They put sketches of Custer in battle, in newspapers. They compared him to Napoleon. What kind of relations did he have with McClellan and Sheridan?
  • Custer loved McClellan as McClellan adored him. McClellan gave Custer his first real break and Custer followed him just about everywhere.
  • Custer and Sheridan were mutually dependent. This lasted up until the end of Custer’s life. Sheridan also gave Custer his division. What did a reporter say of Custer’s Horsemanship?
  • “In the sunshine his locks unskeined, stream a foot behind him... It was like the charge of a Sioux chieftain.” What were Crazy Horse and Custer's views on the status of women?
  • Women were inferior, mentally as well Why did they fight, and become heroes?

Why did the peace policy fail?

What governmental blunders were constant, and how was the Army as stupid as the government?

What did Taylor promise Red Cloud, Young Man Afraid, et al?

What stunt did Custer pull when he was pursuing Indians?

What were Custer's orders regarding Libbie? What did Libbie think about them?

Why did Sherman realize that the coming of the railroad would mean the end of the plains Indians?

Who were the plains Indians real enemies?

Why did Sherman fear resumption of warfare on the Powder River? Why did he give “civilizing” a try?

How did both sides fail to keep their promises?

Why is it “ no wonder Sheridan and Sherman pulled strings to get the boy wonder back on duty?”

Why was his first fight with the Indians a smashing success?

Why did he retreat?

What other questions were raised?

Why was the Washita Battle typical of the Indian fighting Army?

What was the “game” from the first settlement at Jamestown?

What were American leaders “higher loyalty?”

What points does Ambrose make about what was right or wrong and truth from falsehood?

Into what factions did the Oglalas split?

What was Custer's “most welcome order” from Sheridan? What famous scout joined them?

What did Spotted Tail show them?

What did Alexis retrieve? What did they have for lunch?

What did the Union Pacific Railroad advertise that passengers could do as the train sped along?

Why did the agency Indians move north?

Why did the hostile camp grow?

Why did he-dog defect?

What was Napoleon’s Maxim?

Why was Sitting Bull not at the Battle?

How did was Sitting Bull describe Custer's death?

What were Custer's mistakes, in order of importance?

Why was Crazy Horse's presence decisive on the battlefield?

Why does Ambrose say that the commission sent to Red Cloud "managed the impossible?"

What happened to Crazy Horse and what role did Spotted Tail and Red Cloud play?

How did Sitting Bull spend his remaining years?

What did Touch-The Clouds say, and what did he possibly mean?

What do you think of the book (other than it's length)?

What does the book tell you about US policy for the Indians?

Do we have any parallels to this problem elsewhere in the world today?