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CPH Exam 2024/2025 - All Sample Questions with
Complete Solutions.
Many people do not attempt to decrease unhealthy behaviors such as overeating or smoking because they lack the confidence that they can successfully change. This is an example of: (A) Perceived susceptibility (B) Perceived severity (C) Perceived self-efficacy (D) Perceived response efficacy Answer - C The construct of normative beliefs is from which model/theory? (A) Transtheoretical model (B) Theory of reasoned action/planned behavior (C) Social cognitive theory (D) Social ecological model Answer - B Which of the following do social cognitive theory and the social ecological model have in common? (A) Both take into consideration factors that are within the individual and factors that operate outside the individual. (B) Both focus primarily on environmental determinants of behavior that must be addressed at the policy level. (C) Both come out of the value expectancy paradigm that associates behaviors with valued outcomes. (D) Both originally were developed exclusively to explain unhealthy versus healthy behaviors. Answer - A A population of rural women experiences a high rate of mortality related to breast cancer. Researchers at a local university implement a breast cancer screening intervention. This intervention is an example of: (A) Tertiary prevention (B) Advocacy (C) Secondary prevention (D) Primary prevention Answer - C All intervention messages (printed, computer-delivered, or Internet-based) must: (A) Start with the most important information first (B) Include graphics, pictures, and the like to attract people's attention (C) Be written at a reading level suitable to the target population
(D) Be no longer than four sentences so that the reader does not become bored Answer - C Franklin's Grove is the county seat of Franklin County, a small rural county in the Southeast. On the basis of its demographic and economic profile, it was selected as a health improvement zone to receive Federal funds to implement programs to
Franklin's Grove is the county seat of Franklin County, a small rural county in the Southeast. On the basis of its demographic and economic profile, it was selected as a health improvement zone to receive Federal funds to implement programs to improve progress toward reaching the national health objectives. Communities receiving such funds are charged with identifying the most significant gaps between the current health status and national health objectives and with putting programs in place to narrow such gaps.
The Franklin County health program planners intend to keep close track of the number of programs and activities offered, the number of adults and children who participate in each program or activity, and all feedback given by community members about the programs and activities. These actions would most appropriately fit into which of the following evaluation categories? (A) Cost- effectiveness (B) Impact (C) Outcome (D) Process Answer - D Which term refers to a collective body of individuals identified by geography, common interests, concerns, characteristics, or values? (A) Community (B) Population (C) Sample (D) Group Answer - A Which of the following is defined as a community's ability to define and solve its own problems? (A) Social capital (B) Community development (C) Community organization (D) Community capacity Answer - D Biological, environmental, behavioral, organizational, political, and social factors that contribute to the health status of individuals, groups and communities are commonly referred to as: (A) Health behavior causal factors (B) Social ecology factors (C) Needs assessment factors (D) Determinants of health Answer - D An individual's capacity to obtain, interpret, and understand basic health information and services and the individual's competence to use such information and services in ways that advance health are called: (A) Medical informatics (B) Health literacy (C) Health education (D) Patient education Answer - B Which of the following terms refers to a consumer-driven application of sales and promotional techniques to the analysis (including the review of
Which of the following terms from the social cognitive theory refers to the dynamic interaction among the person, environment, and behavior? (A) Behavioral norms (B) Reciprocal determinism (C) Decisional balance (D) Bidirectional dependence Answer - B A community has high rates of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs). The community council decides to legalize needle exchange programs in an effort to provide clean syringes to prevent the sharing of contaminated needles in drug-using networks. This type of program is an example of: (A) Harm reductions (B) Policy advocacy (C) Community organization (D) Behavior change Answer - A Theory is defined as: (A) A branch of philosophy that deals with morality (B) A tested set of hypotheses listed in order of importance (C) A systematic relationship of constructs devised to analyze, predict, and otherwise explain the nature of behavior of a specified set of phenomena (D) A verified fact that the majority does not believe to be true Answer - C Which of the following is not a construct from the Health Belief Model? (A) Susceptibility (B) Cues to action (C) Decisional balance (D) Barriers Answer - C Which of the following processes from the Transtheoretical Model refers to substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy ones? (A) Stimulus control (B) Consciousness raising (C) Reinforcement management (D) Counter-conditioning Answer - D Which of the following is the best example of a process evaluation for a program designed to decrease mortality from drinking and driving among high school youth? (A) Document change in mortality associated with drinking and driving (B) Document change in numbers of youth riding with impaired
drivers (C) Document about risks of riding with impaired drivers (D) Document number of students who attend the school's alcohol-free party Answer
- D Which of the following most directly deals with the issue of internal validity in program evaluation design? (A) Having a reliable and valid measurement instrument (B) Having well-written process objective (s) (C) Having a comparison group (D) Ensuring generalizability of program effects Answer - C
(D) Place Answer - C Which of the following had the greatest impact on average life expectancy? (A) Vaccinations for infectious diseases (B) Improvements in sanitation and hygiene (C) Advances in medical care technology (D) Health education Answer
- B According to John Wennberg and colleagues, small area variations in Medicare expenditures across geographic areas are primarily attributable to differences in:
(A) Physician practice styles (B) Consumer preferences for high-cost services (C) Age of the population served (D) Health status of the population served Answer - A Which of the following statements accurately describes the financing of health care in the United States? (A) Public health services represent approximately half of the total expenditures for health care (B) Health care expenditures as a percentage of GDP have remained stable within the range of 5%-8% since the 1970s (C) Medicare funds most of the services received by the elderly living in institutional long term care facilities (D) Medicaid is a Federal-State partnership which covers some health care and related services for low-income families with children and individuals who are elderly, blind and disabled Answer - D Community rating basis for health insurance: (A) Automatically assigns lower rates to subscribers from disadvantaged communities (B) Allows community representatives to negotiate favorable rates (C) Spreads the risk across the pool of insured (D) Benefits financially the healthiest insured people who use the fewest services Answer - C According to Mintzberg, "the central purpose of structure [in an organization] is to": (A) Produce a high-quality product (B) Allow for the development of strategy based on the organization's mission, vision, and values (C) Provide the content for organization charts (D) Coordinate the work of the organization, which has been divided in a variety of ways Answer - D Which of the following pairs of values are most likely to conflict during a response to a public health emergency? (A) Truth-telling versus justice (B) Beneficence versus justice (C) Individual autonomy versus community welfare (D) Community welfare versus justice Answer - C Executive managers in a not-for-profit health care organization have an obligation to: (A) Maximize return for their stockholders (B) Increase revenues annually (C) Be prudent stewards of the community's assets
(C) Privacy (D) Justice Answer - B The "police powers" that public officials rely on to enforce compliance with public health standards and interventions are based on: (A) Explicit language in the U.S. Constitution (B) Inferences about the government's obligation to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its citizens (C) Inferences from the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act legislation (D) Presidential executive orders Answer - B Which of the following is likely to be a major obstacle to community readiness for a public health emergency such as an act of bioterrorism? (A) People no longer feel anxiety about the risks of bioterrorism (B) The average person has faith that public officials are competent to handle such threats (C) The consequences of the anthrax-letter threat following 9/11 were far less serious than anticipated (D) Individuals are unsure about the practical actions to take to protect themselves and their families Answer - D Which of the following terms is defined as "the systematic determination of certain risks to a population incident to a disaster"? (A) Baseline data evaluation (B) Risk communication (C) Vulnerability assessment (D) Biohazard analysis Answer - C Which of the following is not a true statement about the policy-making process? (A) A policy is a blueprint for action relevant to some area of public concern (B) Policy-making often occurs in the absence of complete information about all relevant variables (C) Only experts trained in public policy have a meaningful role to play in policy development (D) Policies as enacted often reflect compromises among key players with conflicting interests Answer - C A health policy that is implemented within a representative democracy with separation of powers at all governmental levels and that is characterized by the presence of well-funded interest groups: (A) Will reflect the preferences of the majority of citizens (B) Must be based on the best scientific evidence available
(C) Will represent a compromise among multiple and competing interests (D) Is doomed to failure Answer - C Which of the following is most likely to enhance the staff performance appraisal? (A) Deferring performance feedback until the scheduled annual appraisal (B) Setting performance goals in collaboration with the employee
(C) It requires far more time and effort than zero-based budgeting (ZBB) (D) It may not reflect the current programmatic priorities of the organization Answer - D The four P's of marketing health services include: (A) Product, promotion, prestige, and planning
(B) Product, place, promotion, and pragmatism (C) Product, price, place, and promotion (D) Product, price, precision, and promotion (E) Personnel, promotion, price, and place Answer - C An example of backward vertical integration by an academic medical center is: (A) Offering a managed care health plan (B) Establishing a skilled nursing unit within the hospital (C) Acquiring an established home health agency (D) Taking over a smaller, faith-based health care system Answer - A Which of the following is an expected benefit of consolidating independent hospitals and provider groups into an integrated health care system? (A) Economies of scale in production (B) Lower costs of integration (C) Ease of accommodating diverse organizational cultures (D) Immediate gains in administrative efficiency Answer - A As a research analyst at a large HMO, you are asked to benchmark the percentage of enrollees treated for depression who received 6-month follow- up care. Applying Donabedian's framework, the percentage of enrollees receiving follow-up care is what type of indicator? (A) Structure (B) Process (C) Outcome (D) System Answer - B A pediatric patient complaining of an inner ear infection was diagnosed by an overworked emergency room resident who then prescribed an asthma medication. This is an example of: (A) Poor interpersonal quality (B) Poor technical quality (C) Inequitable access (D) Inefficient access Answer - B What is the relevance of HEDIS for ensuring quality in health care delivery? (A) HEDIS (Health Enforcement, Disciplinary & Investigation Staff) is the agency the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services that investigates and prosecutes fraud and abuse violations in Medicare-funded hospitals
(B) Physician consensus statements (C) Clinical practice guidelines (D) Patient preference guidelines Answer - C Which of the following statements is not associated with the current paradigm of quality management in health care? (A) Sanctioning individuals for mistakes is the most appropriate method for ensuring effective quality of care (B) The appropriate locus for ensuring quality is at the system level (C) Process improvement is essential to ensuring quality of care (D) Employee satisfaction and patient satisfaction are closely linked Answer - A Which of the following is an example of a utilization rate used to monitor health system performance? (A) Congenital syphilis rate (B) Late stage breast cancer incidence rate (C) Infant mortality rate (D) Readmission rate for depression Answer - D Which of the following represents a boundary management function in public health? (A) Creating cubicles for the staff to maximize the efficiency of the work space (B) Developing maps showing the incidence of diabetes within target communities (C) Reprimanding an employee for behavior perceived to be sexual harassment (D) Scheduling the Director of the county health department to be interviewed by a journalist about a recent outbreak of food-borne illness Answer - D One implication of the claim that "the complex organization tends to map its environment" is that the public health agency: (A) Uses geographic information system (GIS) technology to map the spread of a contagious disease (B) Hires a professional to provide environmental law expertise (C) Only serves the population within its political boundaries (D) Identifies its various constituencies geographically Answer - B Identify which of the following terms characterizes the throughput of the health care system? (A) The geographical boundary that defines the system's market (B) Measures of patient's functionality post-surgery (C) Patient satisfaction scores (D) The core technologies involved in providing health care services Answer - D
Which of the following statements best characterizes the contingency theory of leadership? (A) The leader's authority is unchallenged by subordinates. (B) The leader's effectiveness depends on various factors in the leadership context. (C) The leader's effectiveness is contingent primarily on the technical competence of followers. (D) The leader's authority depends on formal legislation and sanctions. Answer - B SCHIP is a federal program that is important for public health because:
