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Biology 1110-80: Fall Semester, 2011 - Lecture and Laboratory Course Information - Prof. J, Lecture notes of Biology

Tennessee State University (TSU)Biology
Prof. John Robinson

Information about a biology course offered at tennessee state university during the fall semester of 2011. The course covers topics such as cellular structures and functions, energy pathways, genetics, and evolution. Students are expected to attend lectures, read the textbook, and complete laboratory exercises. The course includes quizzes, exams, and a final exam. The document also includes a grading scale and policies on plagiarism and cheating.

Typology: Lecture notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 02/24/2012

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Tennessee State University
Department of Biological Sciences
BIOL 1110
General Biology I
SECTION 80
W: 5:00-8:00 PM; McCord Hall, Room 209
Fall Semester, 2011
Professor: Dr. John T. Robinson Office: McCord Hall, Room 112H
Office Hours: MWF 10:00 AM – 12:30 PM; TR 2:00 – 3:15 PM
Telephone Extension: (615) 963-5762 E-mail address: jrobinson@tnstate.edu
Required Materials:
Biology (with MasteringBiology Access Code) , 9th ed. Reece, Urry, Cain,
Wasserman,
Minorsky & Jackson 2011;Pearson Benjamin Cummings Pub. Co.
Symbiosis: Custom Lab Manual for Tennessee State University
i>clicker
Recommended Text:
Student Study Guide for Biology (Campbell, Reece & Mitchell). M.R. Taylor;
Pearson
Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.
Course Description
BIOL 1110 is a course designed to study the structure, function, and life
characteristics of organisms.
Course Rationale
General Biology I covers the chemistry of life, cellular structures and functions, energy pathways,
cell division, genetics, DNA structure and function, and evolution. It is the first semester of a one year
introductory course for beginning biology majors and serves as a basis for further study.
Course Objectives
After completing the course, students will be able to:
1. Describe themes that unify the study of biology.
2. Describe chemical processes essential to living organisms and explain how the
diversity of molecular structure is the basis for the diversity of life.
3. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and plant and animal cells
4. Discuss and apply Mendelian principles of inheritance.
5. Describe Darwin’s formulation of evolution resulting in species adapted to their
Environment
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Download Biology 1110-80: Fall Semester, 2011 - Lecture and Laboratory Course Information - Prof. J and more Lecture notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Tennessee State University

Department of Biological Sciences

BIOL 1110

General Biology I

SECTION 80

W: 5:00-8:00 PM; McCord Hall, Room 209

Fall Semester, 2011

Professor: Dr. John T. Robinson Office : McCord Hall, Room 112H

Office Hours : MWF 10:00 AM – 12:30 PM; TR 2:00 – 3:15 PM

Telephone Extension: (615) 963-5762 E-mail address: jrobinson@tnstate.edu

Required Materials:

 Biology (with MasteringBiology Access Code) , 9 th^ ed. Reece, Urry, Cain,

Wasserman,

Minorsky & Jackson 2011;Pearson Benjamin Cummings Pub. Co.

 Symbiosis: Custom Lab Manual for Tennessee State University

 i>clicker

Recommended Text:

Student Study Guide for Biology (Campbell, Reece & Mitchell). M.R. Taylor;

Pearson

Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.

Course Description

BIOL 1110 is a course designed to study the structure, function, and life

characteristics of organisms.

Course Rationale

General Biology I covers the chemistry of life, cellular structures and functions, energy pathways,

cell division, genetics, DNA structure and function, and evolution. It is the first semester of a one year

introductory course for beginning biology majors and serves as a basis for further study.

Course Objectives

After completing the course, students will be able to:

1. Describe themes that unify the study of biology.

2. Describe chemical processes essential to living organisms and explain how the

diversity of molecular structure is the basis for the diversity of life.

3. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and plant and animal cells

4. Discuss and apply Mendelian principles of inheritance.

5. Describe Darwin’s formulation of evolution resulting in species adapted to their

Environment

Course Requirements Students are responsible for the material presented in lecture, the textbook, and the laboratory exercise manual (as listed in the following schedule). Laboratory exercises are coordinated with lecture presentations and intended to illustrate ideas and structures described in lectures. Methods of Evaluation Students must be able to answer questions derived from the course objectives correctly, identify structures, and explain processes presented in the lectures and in the laboratory exercises. Four exams are scheduled during the weeks noted in the schedule (subject to change). Lecture exams will cover only the material presented since the previous exam. Each student will be allowed to drop one of the four in-class exams from his/her overall average (If no exam has been missed, the lowest grade will be dropped from the average). Homework assignments using MasteringBiology must be completed online. Quizzes will be given during lecture periods and the average quiz score will count as an additional exam score. It is the responsibility of the student to attend class and complete all requirements. In cases of excused absences, appropriate documentation must be submitted within a week of such an occurrence. Laboratory grades will be based on assignments, in-lab inspection of laboratory exercises (completed in lab manuals), quizzes, and examinations. Dates for completion of these requirements will be given during the laboratory periods. Also, refer to the Laboratory Schedule. The final examination is comprehensive and cannot be the examination dropped. Absence from the final means a grade of “0" for the exam. The overall grade for the course will include both lecture and laboratory grades. The distribution of points is as follows: Lecture Exams: 45%

(including average quiz score)

Online Homework 10%

(MasteringBiology)

Final Exam 20%

Wednesday, December 14, 2011

5:00-7:00 PM

McCord Hall, Room 207

Laboratory Grade: 25% Grading Scale

7 Introduction to Metabolism 8 Cellular Respiration & Fermentation 9 8 Photosynthesis 10 Fall Break ----------------October 17- Weeks Topics Chapters Exams 9 Cell Communication 11 Cell Cycle 12 Mid Term Examinations (October 24-30) Exam 2 (6,7,8,9,10) 10 Meiosis 13 Mendel and the Gene Idea 14 11 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 15 Molecular Basis of Inheritance 16 Last Day to Withdraw from Courses, November 11 12 From Gene to Protein 17 Exam 3(11,12,13,14,15) 13 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 22 Holiday (Thanksgiving) ------------------- November 24- 14 Evolution of Populations 23 15 Origin of Species 24 *Exam 4 (16,17,22,23)- Wednesday, 12/7/11 (5-6PM) Last Day of Classes, Thursday, December 8, 2011 Final Examinations: December 9 – December 15 * FINAL EXAM FOR Biology 1110-80: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 , 5:00-7:00 PM; McCord Hall, Room 207

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading the following chapters and attending lecture, students should be able to complete the indicated learning objectives. Chapter 1 Introduction. Themes in the Study of Life

  1. Briefly describe unifying themes that characterize the biological sciences.
  2. Diagram the hierarchy of structural levels in biological organization.
  3. Explain how the properties of life emerge from complex organization.
  4. Describe the two major dynamic processes of an ecosystem.
  1. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  2. Distinguish among the three domains of life and the three kingdoms of multicelluar, eukaryotic life.
  3. Explain how science and technology are interdependent. Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life
  4. List the four major elements.
  5. Distinguish between the each of the following pairs of terms: a. element and compound b. atomic number and mass number.
  6. Describe the structure of an atom.
  7. Given the atomic number and mass number of an atom, determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
  8. Explain how isotopes of an element are similar and why radioisotopes are important to biologists.
  9. Distinguish between nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment
  10. List and explain the four properties of water that emerge as a result of its ability to form hydrogen bonds.
  11. Explain how properties of water affect both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
  12. Distinguish between the following sets of terms: hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances; a solute, a solvent, and a solution.
  13. Name the products of the dissociation of water, and give their concentration in pure water.
  14. Define the following: acid, base, pH scale, and buffer.
  15. Briefly explain the causes and effects of acid precipitation. Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
  16. Explain how carbon’s electron configuration explains its ability to form large, complex, diverse organic molecules.
  17. Name the major functional groups found in organic molecules; describe the basic structure of each functional group and outline the chemical properties of the organic molecules in which they occur. Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
  18. List the four major classes of macromolecules.
  19. Describe how covalent linkages are formed and broken in organic polymers.
  20. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
  21. Describe the unique properties, building block molecules and biological importance of fats, phospholipids and steroids.
  22. Distinguish between a saturated and unsaturated fat.
  23. Name the principal energy storage molecules of plants and animals.
  24. List and describe the four major components of an amino acid.
  25. Explain how the primary structure of a protein is determined.
  26. List the major components of a nucleotide, and describe how these monomers are linked together to form a nucleic acid.
  27. Briefly describe the three-dimensional structure of DNA and distinguish between the 5¢ end and 3¢ end of a nucleotide.
  28. List two differences between DNA and RNA. Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
  29. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  30. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and briefly explain how the nucleus controls protein
  1. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
  2. Distinguish between photosynthetic autotrophs and chemosynthetic autotrophs.
  3. Describe the structure of the chloroplast.
  4. Write a summary equation for photosynthesis.
  5. Summarize the light reactions and describe where they occur.
  6. Summarize the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin cycle and describe the role of ATP and NADPH.
  7. Describe the major consequences of photorespiration.

8. Describe two important photosynthetic adaptations that minimize photorespiration.

Chapter 11 Cell Communication

  1. Categorize chemical signals in terms of the proximity of the communicating cells.
  2. List and describe the three stages of cell signaling.
  3. Compare and contrast G-protein-linked receptors, tyrosine-kinase receptors, and ligand-gated ion channels. Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle
  4. Define genome and describe what major events must occur during cell division for the entire genome to be passed on to daughter cells.
  5. Describe the process of binary fission in prokaryotes.
  6. Describe how chromosome number changes throughout the human life cycle.
  7. List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase.
  8. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase.
  9. Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams or micrographs.
  10. Draw or describe the spindle apparatus including centrosomes, nonkinetochore microtubules, kinetochore microtubules, asters and centrioles (in animal cells).
  11. Describe what characteristic changes occur in the spindle apparatus during each phase of mitosis.
  12. Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants.
  13. Describe the role of checkpoints, cyclin, Cdk, and MPF, in the cell cycle control system.
  14. Describe the internal and external factors, which influence the cell-cycle control system.
  15. Explain how abnormal cell division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division. Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
  16. Explain why organisms only reproduce their own kind, and why offspring more closely resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species
  17. Explain what makes heredity possible.
  18. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.
  19. Diagram the human life cycle and indicate where in the human body that mitosis and meiosis occur; which cells are the result of meiosis and mitosis; and which cells are haploid.
  20. List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristic of each phase.
  21. Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams.
  22. Describe the process of synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic recombination occurs.
  23. Describe key differences between mitosis and meiosis; explain how the end result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis.
  24. Explain how independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
  25. Define the following terms: true breeding, hybridization, monohybrid cross, P generation, F 1 generation, F 2 generation.
  26. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of a monohybrid cross and state the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F 2 generation.
  27. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype; heterozygous and homozygous; dominant and recessive.
  28. Explain how a testcross can be used to determine if a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
  29. State Mendel’s laws of State Mendel’s law of segregation and independent assortment.
  30. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of a dihydrid cross and state the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F 2 generation.
  31. Explain how phenotypic expression in the heterozygote differs with complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
  32. Describe the inheritance of the ABO blood system and explain why the IA^ and IB^ alleles are said to be

codominant.

  1. Define and give examples of pleiotropy.
  2. Describe how environmental conditions can influence the phenotypic expression of a character.
  3. Describe the inheritance and expression of cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease and sickle-cell disease.
  4. Explain how a lethal recessive gene can be maintained in a population.
  5. Explain why consanguinity increases the probability of homozygosity in offspring.
  6. Explain why lethal dominant genes are much more rare than lethal recessive genes.
  7. Give an example of a late-acting lethal dominant in humans and explain how it can escape elimination.
  8. Explain how carrier recognition, fetal testing and newborn screening can be used in genetic screening and counseling. Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
  9. Describe sex determination in humans.
  10. Describe the inheritance of a sex-linked gene such as color-blindness.
  11. Explain why a recessive sex-linked gene is always expressed in human males.
  12. Explain how an organism compensates for the fact that some individuals have a double dosage of sex-linked genes while others have only one.
  13. Distinguish among nondisjunction, aneuploidy and polyploidy; explain how these major chromosomal changes occur and describe the consequences.
  14. Distinguish between trisomy and triploidy. Distinguish among deletions, duplications, translocations and inversions.
  15. Describe the effects of alterations in chromosome structure, and explain the role of position effects in altering the phenotype.
  16. Describe the type of chromosomal alterations implicated in the following human disorders: Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, extra Y. triple-X syndrome, Turner syndrome, and cri do chat syndrome. Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
  17. Explain the “base-pairing” and describe its significance.
  18. Describe the structure of DNA and explain what kind of chemical bond connects the nucleotides of each strand and what type of bond holds the two strands together.
  19. Explain semiconservative replication.
  20. Describe the process of DNA replication and explain the role of helicase, single strand binding protein, DNA polymerase, topoisomerase, ligase, and primase.
  21. Define antiparallel, and explain why continuous synthesis of both DNA strands is not possible.
  22. Distinguish between the leading strand and the lagging stand.
  23. Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized when DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 3' end.
  24. Explain the role of DNA polymerase, ligase, and repair enzymes in DNA proofreading and repair.
  25. Describe the function of telomeres. Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein
  26. Describe the contributions made by Garrod, Beadle, and Tatum to our understanding of the relationship between genes and enzymes.
  27. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein.
  28. Compare transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes.
  29. Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant and unambiguous.
  30. Include the following terms in a description of transcription: mRNA, RNA polymerase, the promoter, the terminator, the transcription unit, initiation, elongation, termination, and introns.
  31. Include the following terms in a description of translation: tRNA, wobble, ribosomes, initiation, elongation, and termination. Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
  32. State the two major points Darwin made in the Origin of Species concerning the Earth’s biota.
  33. Explain how the principle of gradualism influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution.
  34. Describe how Charles Darwin used his observations from the voyage of the Beagle to formulate and support his theory of evolution.
  35. Explain what Darwin meant by the principle of common descent and “descent with modification”.

5. List and explain Darwin’s four observations and two inferences.

  1. Explain why the population is the smallest unit that can evolve.
  2. Describe at least four lines of evidence for evolution by natural selection.