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Counseling Theories - Weekly Quizzes /
Q-Bank Complete Study Guide Actual
Exam Questions with Verified Answers
& Definitions / 2025.
_____________Quiz____________? According to Freud, people struggle to find a balance: A. between neurotic and psychotic defense mechanisms. B. between self-expression and the expectations of authority figures. C. between Oedipal and Electra complexes. D. between sexual drives and socially acceptable behavior. -
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between sexual drives and socially acceptable behavior _____________Quiz____________? Which statement accurately reflects Freud's perspective on biology? A. Biology has more influence on the ego than on the id or superego. B. Biology is an important determinant of human behavior. C. Biology has more influence on the superego than on the ego or id D. People are generally the victims of their biological characteristics. -
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Biology is an important determinant of human behavior
_____________Quiz____________? The life instinct is also known as _____ and the death instinct is also known as ______. A. libido; eros. B. thanatos; eros. C. eros; thanatos. D. pleasure principle; reality principle -
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eros; thanatos _____________Quiz____________? Which statement most accurately reflects Adler's view of human nature? A. Early childhood experiences determine our destiny. B. Sexual drive and libido provide the motivation for most human behavior. C. Goal-directed behavior mitigates the influence of biological factors. D. Individuals are basically egocentric and must be taught to have social interest. -
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Goal-directed behavior mitigates the influence of biological factors _____________Quiz____________? According to Adler, we are most influenced by siblings who A. allow us to assume a parental role. B. are protective of us. C. are most different from the way we are.
_____________Quiz____________? According to Jung, all of the following are true of the self EXCEPT? A. It generally emerges during the first half of life. B. It can emerge through dreams, symbols, and perceptions. C. It is the rarely reached goal of personality development. D. It is the regulating center of the personality. -
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It generally emerges during the first half of life _____________Quiz____________? According to Horney, the most powerful human drive is: A. love. B. security. C. sex. D. aggression. -
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security _____________Quiz____________? Sullivan was an ego psychologist and was the first person to emphasize
A. the importance of interpersonal relationships in the development of personality B. the importance of self-esteem in mental health C. the importance of female development and culture D. the importance of a strongly developed ego -
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the importance of interpersonal relationships in the development of personality _____________Quiz____________? Behavior therapy focuses on actions. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT? A. Actions are easy to measure and quantify. B. Clients frequently seek treatment to address a problem behavior. C. Research tends to affirm the effectiveness of behavior therapy. D. People are more comfortable discussing emotions and thoughts than talking about their behaviors. -
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People are more comfortable discussing emotions and thoughts than talking about their behaviors. _____________Quiz____________? Operant conditioning includes which of the following consequences? A. Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, positive punishment
C. stimulus generalization. D. reciprocal inhibition. -
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stimulus discrimination _____________Quiz____________? All of the following are strengths of behavior therapy EXCEPT: A. Behavior therapy has emphasized the importance of research on counseling effectiveness B. Behavior therapy is specific and concrete. C. The relationship between therapist and client is collaborative. D. Behavior therapy is appropriate to use with all diverse cultures. -
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Behavior therapy is appropriate to use with all diverse cultures. _____________Quiz____________? Cognitive therapists believe that effective therapy consists primarily of: A. identifying emotions that lead to thoughts. B. helping people modify their thoughts. C. being intellectual during the session. D. determining how emotions and actions have affected thoughts. -
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helping people modify their thoughts _____________Quiz____________? Commonalities between Beck's cognitive therapy and Ellis's R E B T include all of the following EXCEPT? A. Both focus on a sound therapeutic alliance. B. Both replace dysfunctional thoughts with more accurate, helpful, and healthy thoughts. C. Both identify distorted feelings that lead to problem behavior. D. Both rely on experiments or homework assignments. -
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Both identify distorted feelings that lead to problem behavior. _____________Quiz____________? The therapeutic alliance in cognitive therapy is: A. Directive and authoritarian B. Nondirective and authoritarian C. Nondirective and also collaborative and supportive D. Directive and also collaborative and supportive -
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Directive and also collaborative and supportive
Compared to other cognitive-behavioral approaches, reality therapy places greater emphasis on: A. social interaction B. past behavior. C. self-determination. D. heredity. -
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self-determination _____________Quiz____________? Which of the following are the basic needs that Glasser believes all people have? A. Belonging, personal growth, work, survival, and fun B. Love, work, and survival C. Security, personal growth, generativity, and freedom D. Belonging, power, fun, freedom, and survival -
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belonging, power, survival, belonging*, fun, freedom *belonging/love = most important need! (survival = basic needs like water, food, air, shelter)
(power = feelings of accomplishment, self-esteem, control over your life/"inner control" Wubbolding) (freedom = independence or agency, ability to make choices) _____________Quiz____________? All of the following are true of reality therapy EXCEPT? A. It incorporates the principles of choice theory. B. It encourages clinicians to spend a significant amount of time reviewing clients' past behaviors. C. It incorporates the principles of control theory. D. It maintains that current problems originated in childhood. -
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It encourages clinicians to spend a significant amount of time reviewing clients' past behaviors.* *reality therapy DOES consider past experiences but focuses primarily on present circumstances. "past issues are EXPRESSED in present unsatisfying relationships and behaviors" (Kress et al., 2021, p. 227) _____________Quiz____________? According to reality therapy, all of the following are one of the basic needs EXCEPT?
D. wants, defenses, emotions/expression, physiology. -
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wants, direction/doing, evaluation, planning _____________Quiz____________? All of the following are incorporated in acceptance and commitment therapy (A C T) EXCEPT? A. Focus on the relationship between client and therapist. B. An action-oriented focus. C. Acceptance of feelings. D. Changing cognitions. -
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changing cognitions (thoughts and feelings are accepted and embraced. ultimate goal is to take ACTION to change behavior, but not focuses on changing thoughts). _____________Quiz____________? All of the following statements about the third generation of behavior therapy are true EXCEPT?
A. D B T has been shown to reduce suicidal ideation, self-defeating behaviors, and rehospitalization rates. B. Acceptance and commitment therapy combines behavioral and cognitive therapies with an experiential approach. C. Mindfulness-based stress reduction was originally created to help people with painful illnesses. D. There is no research to document the effectiveness of meditation in reducing stress. -
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There is no research to document the effectiveness of meditation in reducing stress. _____________Quiz____________? Dialectical behavior therapy (D B T) was initially created by Marcia Linehan to treat people with A. Borderline personality disorder. B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. Anxiety. D. Depression. -
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Borderline personality disorder. _____________Quiz____________? "Logotherapy" refers to therapy focused on:
C. Anxiety D. Depression -
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depression _____________Quiz____________? Adam, a legislator, was asked by a special interest group to vote for legislation which he did not truly support. Despite his feelings, Adam voted for the law because he had offended the group in the past and wanted to garner their support for future legislative efforts. In existential terms, Adam is A. wearing a mask of inauthenticity. B. demonstrating dasein C. experiencing existential guilt. D. subordinating his wishes to the common good. -
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wearing a mask of inauthenticity _____________Quiz____________? A concept shared by both existential and person-centered therapy is that of A. dasein
B. nondirectiveness C. actualization D. Logotherapy -
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actualization _____________Quiz____________? A primary goal of person-centered counseling is to A. help people understand their biological predispositions. B. help people gain control over their drives and parental messages. C. develop peoples' trust in and ability to use their own resources. D. assist people in bringing unconscious material to awareness. -
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develop peoples' trust in and ability to use their own resources _____________Quiz____________? Rogers believed that the highest authority in guiding treatment should be the A. client's direct experience. B. treatment plan developed by the clinician. C. client's life script. D. clinician's judgment. -
(irrational thoughts more a focus of REBT, rational emotive behavior therapy. person-centered is all about finding meaning, purpose, personal growth) _____________Quiz____________? Francisco's client sounded irritated when Francisco asked her how her week had been. A clinician response that shows immediacy might be: A. Some weeks are good, some are bad. That's to be expected. B. You sounded a little irritated when I asked you about your week. C. I'm sure you had a great week. D. Let's talk about your week now. What happened this week? -
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You sounded a little irritated when I asked you about your week. (immediacy = temporarily "pausing" the topic of conversation to focus on communication cues of the present moment. i.e. noticing someone's non-verbals, sarcasm, etc). _____________Quiz____________? In Gestalt theory, actualization is:
A. not emphasized. B. seen as an important human goal. C. a and b above. D. defined much differently than it is in person-centered theory. -
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seen as an important human goal (remember, Fritz Perls was a humanist. most humanistic theorists focus on self-actualization, people have the capacity and desire to change, reach their potentials) _____________Quiz____________? People's need of homeostasis leads them to view themselves and their world in terms of
A. relativity. B. congruence. C. polarities. D. homogeneity. -
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polarities (the world may be easier to make sense of if we label people or things as good or bad. other examples of polarities include life and death, separation and connection, passive and aggressive.
