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Bacteria ✔✔one celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics Viruses ✔✔microorganism capable of infecting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria. Parasites ✔✔plant or animal organisms that live on, or in, another living organism and draw their nourishment from that organism. Must have a host to survive. Immunity ✔✔ability of the body to destroy and resist infection Sanitation ✔✔removing all visible dirt and debris Sterilization ✔✔complete elimination of all microbial life, including spores. Only necessary when instruments have come in contact with blood. OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration ✔✔regulates and enforces safety and health standards to protect employees in the work place. MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet ✔✔Information about hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of harm and over exposure, flammability and dada incase of fire, proper disposal guidelines and medical information in case a reaction to product occurs. EPA- Environmental Protection Agency ✔✔Licenses two types of disinfectants used in salons; Tuberculocidal, and Hospital. Hospital products are safe for cleaning blood and body fluids, Tuberculocidal disinfectants are proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which is more difficult to kill.
Cosmetology Practice exam Questions
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FDA- Food and drug administration ✔✔Prohibits sale of antifungal products for finger and toenails without a medical prescription. Universal Precautions ✔✔a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. Cells ✔✔the basic units of all living thing, from bacteria to plants and animals, and including human beings Protoplasm ✔✔colorless jelly like substance in cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present Nucleus ✔✔The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. cytoplasm ✔✔All the protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus Cell membrane ✔✔thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Mitosis ✔✔The reproduction process in which cells divide into two identical cells called daughter cells. Metabolism ✔✔set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes anabolism ✔✔Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials
nervous System ✔✔controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently; consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves. respiratory system ✔✔system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs Occipital bone ✔✔hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape. Parietal bones ✔✔bones that form the sides and top of the cranium Frontal bone ✔✔forms the forehead Temporal bones ✔✔bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region ethmoid bone ✔✔Light spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms part of the nasal cavities. sphenoid bone ✔✔joins all of the bones of the cranium together lacrimal bones ✔✔Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets). maxillae bone ✔✔bones of the upper jaw mandible ✔✔lower jaw bone turbinal bones ✔✔thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression cervical vertebrae ✔✔The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
thorax ✔✔the chest; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs scapula ✔✔either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings ulna ✔✔the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm radius bone ✔✔lower arm bone thumb side, next to ulna, only bone in body that can twist round another w/o breaking carpus ✔✔the wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments phalanges ✔✔bones of the fingers and toes Origin ✔✔Part of the muscle that does not move and is attached to the skeleton, and is usually part of the skeletal muscle. Insertion ✔✔part of the muscle at the more movable attachments to the skeleton belly ✔✔the middle part of the muscle corrugator muscle ✔✔Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically orbicularis oculi muscle ✔✔ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes
Matter ✔✔any substance that occupies space and has mass surfactants ✔✔substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify hydrophilic ✔✔means water-loving lipophilic ✔✔means oil-loving pH scale ✔✔measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance Conductor ✔✔any substance that easily transmits electricity direct current ✔✔electric current that flows only in one direction converter ✔✔an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current alternating current ✔✔rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction volt ✔✔unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor amp ✔✔unit that measures the amount of an electric current (quantity of electrons flowing through a conductor) milliampere ✔✔one thousandth of an ampere ohm ✔✔The unit of measure of electrical resistance.
watt ✔✔Measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second kilowatt ✔✔a unit of power equal to 1000 watts Electrotherapy ✔✔electronic facial treatments electrode ✔✔applicator for directing the electric current from machine to clients skin anode ✔✔Positive electrode cathode ✔✔Negative electrode Galvanic and Tesla ✔✔two main modalities used in cosmetology Iontophoresis ✔✔process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine Cataphoresis ✔✔process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole Anaphoresis ✔✔process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole Desincrustation ✔✔process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and backheads in the hair follicles Infrared rays ✔✔invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper, and produce more heat than visible light
polypeptide chains ✔✔a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (makes up the cortex); cross-linked by 3 different types of side bonds (hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds) which hold keratin fibers in place hydrogen bond ✔✔a weak physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat. salt bond ✔✔another weak side bond that is easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions disulfide bond ✔✔Strongest bond that can only be broken by chemicals Melanin ✔✔tiny grains of pigment in hair and skin eumelanin ✔✔Melanin that give brown and black color to hair pheomelanin ✔✔melanin that provides natural hair colors from red and ginger to yellow/blond tones texture ✔✔thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand density ✔✔measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch porosity ✔✔ability of the hair to absorb moisture elasticity ✔✔ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking vellus hair ✔✔non-pigmented hair that is short, fine and downy terminal hair ✔✔long hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies
anagen ✔✔phase of hair that is known as the growth phase, new hair is produced catagen ✔✔phase that is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of the hair telogen ✔✔phase that is also known as the resting phase and is the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the the fully grown hair is shed alopecia ✔✔abnormal hair loss androgenic alopecia ✔✔hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair which is converted to vellus hair alopecia areata ✔✔the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots may occur on the scalp or elsewhere on the body postpartum alopecia ✔✔temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy canities ✔✔technical term for gray hair hypertrichosis ✔✔condition of abnormal hair growth, characterized by the growth of teminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair trichoptilosis ✔✔technical term for split ends trichorrhexis nodosa ✔✔knotted hair, characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft monilethrix ✔✔technical term for beaded hair
space ✔✔area surrounding the form design texture ✔✔refers to wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for your client Horizontal ✔✔Lines that create width Vertical ✔✔Lines that create length and height Diagonal ✔✔Lines that are positioned between horizontal and vertical Curved ✔✔Lines that soften a design Volume ✔✔Light colors and warm colors create this illusion Oval ✔✔Facial contour that is about 1 1/2 times linger thant its width across the brow Round ✔✔Facial contour that has a round hairline and round chin; wide face Square ✔✔Facial contour that is wide at the temples, narrow at the middle third of the face, and squared off at the jaw. Triangular ✔✔Facial contour that has a narrow forehead, wide jaw, and chin line Oblong ✔✔Facial contour that is long, narrow, with hollow cheeks Diamond ✔✔Facial contour that is narrow at the forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones and narrow at the chin.
Inverted triangle ✔✔Facial contour that is wide at the forehead and narrow at the chin Straight ✔✔the "ideal" facial profile Convex ✔✔Facial profile that curves outward Concave ✔✔facial profile that curves inward Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony ✔✔ 5 important principles in art and design Reference points ✔✔points on the head mark where the surface of the head changes, such as the ears, jaw line, occipital bone, or apex Parietal ridge ✔✔widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown Occipital bone ✔✔Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull Apex ✔✔Highest point on the top of the head Crown ✔✔area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge. Nape ✔✔area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone Bang/Fringe ✔✔area that is a triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners Elevation ✔✔the angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held
Ammonium thioglycolate ✔✔the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents glyceryl monothioglycolate ✔✔the primary reducing agent in all acid waves exothermic waves ✔✔chemical waving reaction that produces heat endothermic waves ✔✔chemical waving reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings thio neutralization ✔✔stops the action of the waving solution, and rebuilds that hair into its new form epidermis ✔✔The outer layer of the skin basal cell layer ✔✔also known as the stratum germinativum layer; the deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth. melanocytes ✔✔cells that contain melanin - give skin color stratum spinosum ✔✔Spiny layer, just above the basal cell layer. Causes skin to shed stratum granulosum ✔✔granular layer, consists of cells that look like distinct granules; these are almost dead and pushed to the surface to shed stratum lucidum ✔✔clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface stratum corneum ✔✔horny layer, the outer layer of the epidermis dermis ✔✔the underlying or inner layer of the skin
papillary layer ✔✔outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis reticular layer ✔✔the deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients bulla ✔✔blister containing a watery fluid cyst ✔✔a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure, Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. macule ✔✔a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated papule ✔✔Pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. pustule ✔✔a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus tubercle ✔✔Abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule. tumor ✔✔an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose vesicle ✔✔Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. wheal ✔✔Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle. Nail bed ✔✔portion of the skin that the nail plate sits on bed epithelium ✔✔thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed
