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condominium law, Study notes of Land Law

condominium law in Tanzania

Typology: Study notes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 07/09/2015

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This chapter presents the review of considerable points of the existing
knowledge on interventions measures and their impacts on CHILD
TORTURE, INHUMAN AND REGARDING TREATMENT. The rationale of this
review is to oer a synopsis of signicant literature available on the
subject. The review was aimed at identifying gaps in knowledge,
strengthen the researchers understanding of the impact of CHILD
TORTURE, INHUMAN AND REGARDING TREATMENT and therefore help to
decide what to focus on. The procedure involved searching and reviewing
literature to understand what is already done in the area and to facilitate
the researcher with related information to enrich the intended study. The
review rotates around scholarly articles, research reports, books, internet
materials and other resources related to CHILD TORTURE, INHUMAN AND
REGARDING TREATMENT. The review of literature has also brought about
better understanding of the research problem, the purpose and the focus
of the study and appropriate methods for data collection and analysis
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on
the Syrian Arab Republic
Violations of children’s rights
Unlawful killings and injuries
Children continue to be the victims of shelling and aerial bombardments by
Government forces. Examples include attacks on Kaljabrin, Aleppo on 23 January;
ALHuwash, Hama on 7 February; Saa’sae, Damascus on 28 and 29 March; AlHoulah, Homs
on 29 March; and Sanamayn, Dara’a on 10 April. In late February, a 14-year old child
wasshot by a sniper positioned in the Ba’ath party offices in Dara’aAlBalad.
Recruitment and use of children
Some armed groups recruit and use children for active participation in hostilities. A 14-year-
old boy from Homs underwent training in use of weapons with the Abu Yusef
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LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

This chapter presents the review of considerable points of the existing knowledge on interventions measures and their impacts on CHILD TORTURE, INHUMAN AND REGARDING TREATMENT. The rationale of this review is to offer a synopsis of significant literature available on the subject. The review was aimed at identifying gaps in knowledge, strengthen the researchers understanding of the impact of CHILD TORTURE, INHUMAN AND REGARDING TREATMENT and therefore help to decide what to focus on. The procedure involved searching and reviewing literature to understand what is already done in the area and to facilitate the researcher with related information to enrich the intended study. The review rotates around scholarly articles, research reports, books, internet materials and other resources related to CHILD TORTURE, INHUMAN AND REGARDING TREATMENT. The review of literature has also brought about better understanding of the research problem, the purpose and the focus of the study and appropriate methods for data collection and analysis

♦ Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on

the Syrian Arab Republic

Violations of children’s rights

  • Unlawful killings and injuries Children continue to be the victims of shelling and aerial bombardments by Government forces. Examples include attacks on Kaljabrin, Aleppo on 23 January; ALHuwash, Hama on 7 February; Saa’sae, Damascus on 28 and 29 March; AlHoulah, Homs on 29 March; and Sanamayn, Dara’a on 10 April. In late February, a 14-year old child wasshot by a sniper positioned in the Ba’ath party offices in Dara’aAlBalad.
  • Recruitment and use of children

Some armed groups recruit and use children for active participation in hostilities. A 14-year- old boy from Homs underwent training in use of weapons with the Abu Yusef

Battalion,which then used him to keep track of soldiers’ movements in Al-Waar. Other groups reject underage volunteers. Commanders in Dayr Al-Zawr refused to accept a 15-year- oldboy, calling his parents to collect him.

♦ Human Rights Review 2012

Children and young people in custody may be at risk of inhumane or degrading treatment

Children detained in young offender institutions, secure training centres or secure children’s homes are under the full control of the authorities, so the responsibilities of the state are enhanced. Because of the vulnerability of young people in these circumstances the threshold of severity for defining torture, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment is lowered. The review shows that:

▲ There is evidence that restraint is used extensively, but better data are needed. ▲ Authorised restraint techniques used in young offender institutions and secure training centres do not meet human rights standards. ▲ The use of restraint as a form of discipline, rather than in cases of absolute necessity or safety, is in breach of Article 3. ▲ Possible breaches of Article 3 in these settings are not always effectively investigated

♦ NICEF Innocenti Research Centre

The Right to Dignity and Humane Treatment

Article 37(c) of the CRC provides that “every child deprived of liberty shall be treated with humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of the human person”. This provision is derived from article 10.1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which is identical in substance. It is reinforced by article 40 of the CRC, which provides that all children coming into contact with the law enforcement system shall be treated “in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity...” At first sight these provisions may seem superfluous. In reality, however, although the right to be treated with humanity overlaps with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, there are some differences. One is, of course, that a person can be tortured whether or not he or she is