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COMS 5423- AAC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
ASHA Term: Augmentative Alternative Communication - ANSWER Area of clinical practice that addresses the needs of individuals with significant and complex communication disabilities by impairments in speech-language production and/or comprehension, including spoken and written modes of communication. AAC - ANSWER Augmentative Alternative Communication Augment - ANSWER to supply Alternative - ANSWER to replace AAC - ANSWER Using anything other that speech to communicate Assistive Technology - ANSWER When it provides opportunities for access to a meaningful life (e.g., hearing aids, PECS, texting, AAC) AAC Devices - ANSWER are not just for non-verbal communicators (e.g., individuals with Parkinson's aren't non-verbal but tremors are known to affect the vocal cords causing some unintelligible speech) can be a supplementation to communication Anything other than oral speech AAC is under the umbrella of assistive technology AAC - ANSWER Includes ALL forms of communication (other than oral speech) that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas. Complex Communication Needs (CCN) - ANSWER a person who either temporarily or permanently relies on AAC for expression and/or reception Long-term: CP/ASD Short-Term: Stoke, CAOS, Selective Mutism, laryngeal/ pharyngeal procedures, and laryngitis Communication partners - ANSWER individual with who the speaker is engaged Who relies on AAC - ANSWER no 'typical' person one unifying characteristic - do NOT have oral speech to meet all their communication needs
some have small amount of speech - BUT doesn't meet all needs Common congenital causes - ANSWER Down Syndrome, ASD, Developmental AOS, Intellectual developmental disability, and CP Common acquired causes - ANSWER Stroke, TBI, ASL, MS, high level spinal cord injury, degenerative cognitive, and linguistic disorders Goal of AAC - ANSWER technological solutions or efficient and effective interactions Purpose fulfilled by communication - ANSWER 1. needs/wants
- info transfer
- social closeness
- internal dialogue Ordering food - ANSWER content, vocabulary, accuracy, and rate Competent communicators can: - ANSWER 1. portray self-image
- show interest, draw other is
- participate, take turn
- show responsiveness
- put partners at ease Assistive Technology provides: - ANSWER Communication Education Vocation Recreation Community Social networking AT - ANSWER Assistive Technology Auxiliary aids - ANSWER auxiliary aids and services must provide when they are necessary to afford an indivual and equal opportunity to participate Linguistic competence - ANSWER -knowledge of own native language -knowledge of the partner's chosen language -knowledge of the language of the chosen AAC system
Strategic - ANSWER - strategies to deal with the limitations of AAC
- interacting with those unfamiliar with AAC
- resolving communication breakdowns
- compensating for a slow speaking rate
- the message that says "Please slow down" or "No you understood"
- construct a message with the partner
Adult - ANSWER language system acquired
Child - ANSWER learning language and technology
Rehabilitation - ANSWER refers to intervention strategies and technologies that help people with acquired disabilities to regain competence
Habilitation - ANSWER refers to intervention strategies and technologies that assist people with developmental disabilities to develop competence for the first time
4 purposes of communicative interactions - ANSWER 1. communication needs/wants
- information transfer
- social closeness
- social etiquette
Symbol - ANSWER something that stands for or represents something else
Referent - ANSWER the "something else"
Symbol descriptors - ANSWER realism, iconicity, ambiguity, complexity, figure-ground differential, perceptual distinctness, acceptability, efficiency, color, sixe
Language - ANSWER a system that allows us to understand and produce speech and writting
Vocabulary - ANSWER is one element of language
Language - ANSWER is how vocabulary fits together to create meaning and communication
Core Vocabulary - ANSWER is a small set of communication used that support communication and language learning
Core vocabulary - ANSWER is a format for defining the words that comprise a communication system
How much of what we say is communicate through basic words? - ANSWER 85% or 200 basic words
basic words - ANSWER core words
core vocabulary - ANSWER - common
- high-frequency (all the time in different concepts)
- re-usable (depending on the context)
- across language functions
- descriptive
- across contexts
- always available
Core vocabulary - ANSWER helps individuals gain a true understanding of word
Non-picture procedure - ANSWER job/trouble (no picture can uniquely imply
Picture procedure - ANSWER The majority of words in a sentence are not picture producers
The goal of language for individuals who use AAC - ANSWER is language acquisition
Typical 3 year old - ANSWER - uses at least 1000 words
- MLU of 4 words
- uses negative contractions
- uses irregular past tense, third person -s, auxiliary verbs, plurals, and possessives
- can properly formulate yes/no questions
- can talk about past experiences
- are beginning to express his or her own ideas about things
Core Vocabulary - ANSWER is consistent across clinical populations, activities, places, topics, and demographic groups
Core Vocabulary - ANSWER contains few picture procedures fewer than 10%
AAC with child under 12/18 months - ANSWER small set nouns -don't stay here indefinitely or the child will not develop language
Beginning communicators - ANSWER - need to be given access to core vocabulary words with words from all word groups
- aim for access (at any time)
- 4 parts core to 1 part extended
Model - ANSWER - always model
- you have to know AAC to teach AAC
How do we know we can start AAC? - ANSWER - are already using symbolic communication
- have a receptive vocabulary/language age of 1 year or higher
Unaided communication - ANSWER - gestures
- facial expressions
- vocalizations
- speech and sign
Aided communication - ANSWER involve the use of some type of symbol to convey a message ( the most IMPORTANT is that the symbol makes sense to the student
AAC users - ANSWER will acquire language the same way that typical speakers learn language through natural interaction in a language-rich environment
Aided language Input - ANSWER - AAC becomes part of the input as well as the expected output.
- Using these strategies we provide the AAC device user with highlighted visual representation of the language being used.
Hill definition: Aided Language Input - ANSWER as a communication strategy where a communication partner teaches symbols meaning and models language by combining his or her verbal input with selection of vocabulary on the AAC system. This is done by simultaneously selecting vocabulary on the AAC system and speaking.
Motor Automaticity - ANSWER Two reliable occurrences with any motor skill practiced repeated are: simplification and automaticity
Simplification - ANSWER - a routine skill involves leaving out unnecessary movements
relationship can be perceived between the symbol and the referent once the meaning is provided
Aided - ANSWER require some type of external assistance such as a device for production- real objects, black and white line drawings
Unaided - ANSWER require NO external device for production - facial expressions, manual signs, natural speech
Factor affecting symbol learning - ANSWER - motivation
- neurological status
- age
- sensory abilities
- cognitive skills
- syndication abilities
- word experiences
- role of spoken language
- role of iconicity
- concreteness
- familiarity
- context
- wholeness
- focus
Gestures (unaided) - ANSWER - fine and gross motor movements
- facial expressions
- eye behaviors
What is an emblem? - ANSWER - illustrations
- affect display
- regulators
- adaptors
Illustrators - ANSWER accompany speech and illustrate what Is being said
Affect display - ANSWER facial expressions/body movements despite emotional states
Regulators - ANSWER nonverbal behaviors that maintain/ regulate conversational speaking and listening
Adapters - ANSWER a person typically uses when they are alone, not intentionally used in communication
self-adaptors - ANSWER manipulation of one's own body
object adaptors - ANSWER manipulation of objects, often learned later in life, the less social stigma associated with them (chewing on pencil when anxious )
alter adaptors - ANSWER child crouching/ moving hands toward face when adult yells or advances
Aided symbols - ANSWER tangible objects
- real objects
- miniature objects
- partial objects
