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Comprehensive Review of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Pathophysiology,, Exams of Nursing

The University of Edinburgh (Edin)Nursing

Comprehensive Review of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/06/2025

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Comprehensive Review of Endocrinology and
Metabolic Disorders: Diagnosis,
Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management
1. What hormone is deficient in diabetes insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
2. Which gland produces cortisol?
Adrenal cortex.
3. What is the primary function of insulin?
To lower blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
4. Which disorder is characterized by excessive growth hormone in
adults?
Acromegaly.
5. What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease.
6. Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
7. What is the hallmark of Addison’s disease?
Deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone.
8. Which metabolic disorder is associated with high blood glucose and
lack of insulin production?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
9. What is the main symptom of pheochromocytoma?
Episodic hypertension.
10. Which hormone is overproduced in Cushing’s syndrome?
Cortisol.
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Comprehensive Review of Endocrinology and

Metabolic Disorders: Diagnosis,

Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  1. What hormone is deficient in diabetes insipidus? Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
  2. Which gland produces cortisol? Adrenal cortex.
  3. What is the primary function of insulin? To lower blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
  4. Which disorder is characterized by excessive growth hormone in adults? Acromegaly.
  5. What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? Graves’ disease.
  6. Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood? Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
  7. What is the hallmark of Addison’s disease? Deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone.
  8. Which metabolic disorder is associated with high blood glucose and lack of insulin production? Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  9. What is the main symptom of pheochromocytoma? Episodic hypertension.
  10. Which hormone is overproduced in Cushing’s syndrome? Cortisol.
  1. What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys? Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
  2. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults? Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
  3. Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breast? Prolactin.
  4. What is the main feature of metabolic syndrome? Central obesity with at least two other metabolic risk factors (e.g., high triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension, or high fasting glucose).
  5. What is the treatment of choice for hyperparathyroidism? Surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid gland(s).
  6. Which hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during labor? Oxytocin.
  7. What is the primary abnormality in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction.
  8. Which disorder is associated with moon face, truncal obesity, and purple striae? Cushing’s syndrome.
  9. What is the main complication of untreated congenital hypothyroidism in infants? Intellectual disability (cretinism).
  10. Which hormone lowers blood calcium levels? Calcitonin.
  1. What is the main risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome? Central (abdominal) obesity.
  2. Which hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease? Cortisol (and often aldosterone).
  3. What is the main symptom of hypercalcemia? Muscle weakness and confusion.
  4. Which disorder is caused by an excess of antidiuretic hormone? Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
  5. What is the main treatment for Graves’ disease? Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
  6. Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose during fasting? Glucagon.
  7. What is the primary cause of diabetes insipidus? Deficiency of or insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone.
  8. Which metabolic disorder is characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and lactic acidosis in infants? Glycogen storage disease.
  9. What is the main effect of cortisol on metabolism? Increases gluconeogenesis and blood glucose.
  10. Which hormone is secreted in response to low serum calcium? Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
  11. What is the main feature of Turner syndrome? Short stature and ovarian dysgenesis.
  1. Which metabolic disorder is associated with elevated triglycerides and low HDL? Metabolic syndrome.
  2. What is the main clinical feature of hypoparathyroidism? Tetany due to hypocalcemia.
  3. Which hormone is overproduced in prolactinoma? Prolactin.
  4. What is the main risk of untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy? Premature birth and preeclampsia.
  5. Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
  6. What is the most common cause of goiter worldwide? Iodine deficiency.
  7. Which metabolic disorder is characterized by hyperuricemia and joint pain? Gout.
  8. What is the primary treatment for pheochromocytoma before surgery? Alpha-adrenergic blockade.
  9. Which hormone is responsible for the “fight or flight” response? Adrenaline (epinephrine).