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Comprehensive Biology Exam Review: Mastering Key Concepts, Exams of Biology

Indiana University Bloomington (IU)Biology

This comprehensive biology exam review document covers a wide range of fundamental topics in biology, including photosynthesis, cellular respiration, atp production, biomolecular structures, cellular organelles, and transport mechanisms. 100% verified answers to 45 key questions, making it an invaluable resource for students preparing for exams in introductory biology courses. The detailed explanations and step-by-step solutions offered in this document can help students deepen their understanding of core biological principles, strengthen their problem-solving skills, and boost their confidence in tackling complex exam questions. Whether you're a university student enrolled in a biol-l 112 course or a high school student looking to excel in biology, this exam review can serve as a powerful study guide, lecture notes, or summary to support your academic success.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/19/2024

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BIOL-L 112 EXAM 1
QUESTIONS WITH 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
1) Photosynthesis Formula -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 6CO2 + 6H2O +
sunlight ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
2) cellular respiration formula -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C6H12O2 +
6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
3) How much ATP from one glucose molecule -- Correct Answer ✔✔
32 ATPx
4) the electron acceptor -- Correct Answer ✔✔ NAD+
5) What does NAD+ turn into -- Correct Answer ✔✔ NADH
6) glycolysis products -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2
NADH
7) what comes after glycolysis, and what is "prepped" -- Correct
Answer ✔✔ citric acid cycle. first, 2 pyruvate is prepped into 2
acetyl CoA in the mitochondrion
8) citric acid cycle products -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2
FADH2
9) what happens in the electron transport chain? -- Correct Answer
✔✔ NADH and FADH2 are oxidized. ELECTRON TRANSPORT
MAKES 28 ATP
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BIOL-L 112 EXAM 1

QUESTIONS WITH 100%

VERIFIED ANSWERS.

  1. Photosynthesis Formula -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6H12O6 + 6O
  2. cellular respiration formula -- Correct Answer ✔✔ C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
  3. How much ATP from one glucose molecule -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 32 ATPx
  4. the electron acceptor -- Correct Answer ✔✔ NAD+
  5. What does NAD+ turn into -- Correct Answer ✔✔ NADH
  6. glycolysis products -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
  7. what comes after glycolysis, and what is "prepped" -- Correct Answer ✔✔ citric acid cycle. first, 2 pyruvate is prepped into 2 acetyl CoA in the mitochondrion
  8. citric acid cycle products -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH
  9. what happens in the electron transport chain? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ NADH and FADH2 are oxidized. ELECTRON TRANSPORT MAKES 28 ATP
  1. How many ATP from glycolysis and citric acid cycle -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 4 ATP, 28 ATP from electron transport chain, 32 total
  2. what exactly is the electron transport chain? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ a series of protein complexes embedded in the mitochondrial membrane
  3. carbohydrate monomoer -- Correct Answer ✔✔ monosaccharide
  4. Lipid monomer -- Correct Answer ✔✔ glycerol and fatty acids
  5. protein monomer -- Correct Answer ✔✔ amino acids
  6. Primary structure -- Correct Answer ✔✔ unique sequence of amino acids in a straight chain
  7. Secondary structure -- Correct Answer ✔✔ folds into alpha helix and beta pleated sheets
  8. Tertiary structure -- Correct Answer ✔✔ folds into 3D structure. Critical to enzyme structure and function
  9. Quarternary structure -- Correct Answer ✔✔ multiple polypeptide chains that fit together to form a functional protein
  10. Nucleic acid monomer -- Correct Answer ✔✔ nucleotide
  11. Nucleotide components -- Correct Answer ✔✔ phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C) -combine to form nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
  12. Does RNA have thymine or uracil? -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Uracil
  1. Peroxisomes -- Correct Answer ✔✔ -detoxifies cell -contains enzymes for breakdown of fatty acids, drugs, alcohol -seen in liver cells
  2. Mitochondria -- Correct Answer ✔✔ POWERHOUSE OF THE DAMN CELL -primary function to create ATP from food during cellular respiration -breaks down glucose to generate ATP for use in cell
  3. Chloroplasts -- Correct Answer ✔✔ -contain chlorophyll -main function is to create sugars from sunlight during photosynthesis -PLANT CELLS ONLY
  4. Endosymbiotic Theory -- Correct Answer ✔✔ -mitochondria and chloroplasts were once individual single celled organisms -Evidence- mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA -eukaryotic cells eventually engulfed
  5. Central Vacuole -- Correct Answer ✔✔ -stores nutrients and absorbs water -PLANT CELLS but very very rare in animal cells
  6. Passive transport -- Correct Answer ✔✔ diffusion, osmosis. No protein needed
  7. Facilitated Diffusion -- Correct Answer ✔✔ Using channel proteins and carrier proteins for transport
  8. Active transport -- Correct Answer ✔✔ utilizing ATP to transport charged molecules across the membrane
  9. Bulk transport -- Correct Answer ✔✔ moving large molecules like polysaccharides and proteins across the membrane using vesicles
  1. Exocytosis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ transport vesicles fuse with membrane and release contents outside the cell
  2. Endocytosis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ bring molecules into the cell by forming transport vesicles from the membrane
  3. 3 forms of endocytosis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. phagocytosis
  1. pinocytosis
  2. receptor-mediated
  1. phagocytosis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole
  2. pinocytosis -- Correct Answer ✔✔ tiny molecules taken in when extracellular fluid is encased by vesicles
  3. receptor-mediated -- Correct Answer ✔✔ binding triggers vesicle formation