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Communication and Counseling FRHD 3400 Exam With
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natural interviewing style is when____ - ANSWER you adapt and be yourself counselling: getting to know the person's ____by listening and understanding
- the things they want to ______ - ANSWER wants/ goals
- change therapy is the application of _________ when a problem is getting __ ___ ___ - ANSWER
- treatment
- in the way of daily life
interview: access ____ about the client - ANSWER - info
what is the first thing to talk about in a session?
- what ______ ____
- E____ explained - ANSWER what brought them there ethics
microskills
- E_____, M___________ competence (cant assume), wellness
- A_______ behaviour- eye contact, listening skills, body ________, _____ tracking
- _ and _ questions
- C_____ observation skills
- E______, p_____ and S________
- Reflection of ______
- _ stage ________ structure
- F_____: see clients cultural issues related to concerns
- C_______: critical for change
- reflection of ________ and interpretation/ Re____
- influencing skills and strategies: feedback and S___-_____, logical consequences
- skill I_______: sequencing skills in different theories - ANSWER 1. ethics, multiculturalism
- attending behaviour, body language, verbal tracking
- open and closed
- client
- encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizing
- reflection of feeling
- 5 stage interview structure
- focusing
- confrontation
- reflection of meaning, re-frame
- self-disclosure
- skill integration
5 stage interview structure
- E_______ relationship
- S____ and S______
- G_____
- R______
- A_____ - ANSWER 1. empathetic
- story and strengths
- goals
- restory
- T___ and p____ ethical practices
- protect clients by providing a______
- serve as mechanisms for improving p_____ - ANSWER 1. teach and promote
- accountability
- practice
HIPAA privacy (H-I_P_A_A)
- protection of ______ info is covered for:
- any health care p_____transmitting health info electronically
- all individual's health info that relates to an individual's p____ or p_____ health concerns or treatment
- de-identified health info: info that makes it possible to i____ the client - ANSWER health insurance portability and accountability act
- provider
- past or present
- identify
diversity:
- R______ model
- N_____and B_____: normalizing clients feelings to calm them down
- political correctness - ANSWER - RESPECTFUL model
- naming and blaming
multicultural competence- a____, k---,s----
- providing service without d----
- aware of you b------
- knowledge on how you and your client view the w----
skills: have b---- -- responses, knowing what you are doing - ANSWER awareness, knowledge and skills
- discrimination
- world
- back up
positive psychology
- want to change something
- we remove o-----and help clients find s---- - ANSWER obstacles, solutions
strength and wellness based model
- treats concerns and behavioural systems as responses to life changes
- client plays a---- role
- builds on client's s---- leading to empathetic relationships - ANSWER - active
- strengths
humanism: we have a perspective about what h------, what will h--- and what wont - ANSWER happened, help
optimism: hope, confidence, trust, personal power
- key aspect of r------- and can better cope with d------ - ANSWER - resilience, difficulties
brain, stress, wellness approach
- reptilian complex: brain stem, cerebellum, basal g----= physical body movements
- limbic area: e-------center
- cortex: d------ maker, stress impacts area
- amygdala: stores n------ feelings such as, anger, sadness and f---
e-----, dont disregard bad stuff but v----- it - ANSWER expressing, experience, validate
client-interviewer relationship is based on a-----, e-----, trust and expectations - ANSWER alliance, empathy
attending behaviour and empathy is essential to establish a w------ relationship w clients
3 Vs+B
- V----: look at person, match them
- V----tracking: track story, dont change subject to positive side right away
- V----- qualities: communicate warmth and interest, throat clearing is a way of clients showing uneasy
- B--- language: be yourself, introvert vs extroverts - ANSWER 1. visual
- verbal
- vocal
- body
empathy: experience client's story as if. - ANSWER you were there, understanding the issue and saying is back with out judgment
- subtractive empathy: distort what was said and give back l---than what was s---
- basic empathy: responses interchangeable to clients, a --------to what client said
- additive empathy: repeating back and a-----something perhaps from p--- (linking) - ANSWER 1. less, said
- accurately
- adding, past
essential to empathy
- understand experience nonj------ and compassionately
- seek to communicate u------ the cient - ANSWER 1. nonjudgementally
- understanding
mirror neurons: fire when humans observe actions by a-----, people who have additive e---- have inc heart rate when hearing stories - ANSWER another, empathy
open questioning: deeper e-----of client issues, el----- closed questions: obtain specifics with few w---, good to e------ clients to say out loud what they already hinted at - ANSWER exploration, elaboration, words, encourage
open:
- s--- session and s---- responses, test understanding - ANSWER - start, shape
what? leads to f--- how? exploration of f----- why? discussion of r--- - ANSWER facts, feelings, reasons
problems with questioning
- grilling: gives too much control to ------, client gets d------
- multiple questions: c----- clients, but enables that to pick one to answer
- questions as statements: can be j--------
- w-- questions - ANSWER 1. interviewer, defensive
- confuse
- judgmental
- why
closed:
children: attending- avoid looking ----on them, be at their ---- short s-----, simple encouraging, s---, p---- are important - ANSWER down, level sentences summarizing, paraphrasing
john bowelby on attachment: early social attachment babies have i---- tendency to form a----- Mary Ainsworth: Differences in security attachment influence p---- and social relationships in infancy and beyond - ANSWER innate personality
Secure base: responsive caregiver provides s-----to explore environment If successful child will gain c------- Strange experiment- child will be d-----when parent comes back into room - ANSWER security, confidence delighted
Insecure avoidant: believe caregiver will --- protect or provide, not s--- with caregiver
- responds by ignoring parent upon return, doesnt care if parent ------ - ANSWER not, leaves
insecure resistant: uncertain whether parent will p----- them, remain c--- and wont explore, clings to parents and a---- when they return - ANSWER protect them, close, angry
disorganized/ disoriented: no consistent way of coping with s----, contradictory behaviour when parent leaves, result of a---- or n---- - ANSWER stress, abuse, neglect
attachment depends on:
- caregiver s----- to needs
- family s---: exposed to verbal a-----=insecure
- parental psychopathology: depressed mothers= less quality in-----
- infants temperament: if irritable and mother does not provide s---, child will develop ins--- attachment - ANSWER sensitive, stress, aggression, interaction, support, insecure
predicts subsequent dev: s___-e____, sociability, s---- activity - ANSWER self-esteem, sexual
attachment system: child needs caregiver there when p-------- comfort or will be overwhelmed - ANSWER protecting
secure base--> s_______ exploration---> watch, help, enjoy
safe haven--->p_____, comfort, organize f______---> welcome me - ANSWER support, protect, feelings
my difficult behaviour means i need you to:
- take -----
- be k----
- stay with me until i u------ my feelings
- give me a new o---- to play with - ANSWER charge, kind, understand, option
maternal attributions fixed: beliefs that a mom has about a ----- positive: sees ----- child allows her to put up with their difficult times
- e------relationship
- s--- and s----
- g----
- restory
- a----- might bring in some CBT and stress m----------therapy when handling depression and anxiety involves emotional c-------- - ANSWER empathetic, story and strengths, goals, action, management, component
cognitive and emotional balance sheet
- possible gains and losses for m-
- what are the possible e----- gains and e---- losses for m-
- what are the positive gains and losses for o----
- emotional gains for o----vs losses - ANSWER me, emotional, emotional, me, others, others
planning first session 5 stage structure to write down for session
- build w-------relationship
- story and s-------
- set goals- l------and i-------skills
- restory- c-------of incongruity and discrepancies
- action- give c------ areas to work on b/w sessions to begin working on n-- s-----, specific p----- - ANSWER - working, strengths, listening and influencing skills, confrontation, clients new story, plans
transcription and analysis
- through the way you l-----and topics you select to r-----, you i----- what will happen in the
session - ANSWER listen, reinforce, influence
future planning:
- r-----: someone with specific skills
- t------------: form of written goals ad objectives
- c--- m----------: coordinate community services for the benefit of the client and very often their family
- maintain c-----: relapse prevention (CBT therapy) - ANSWER referral treatment case management maintain change
body language: movement complimentary- similar not i----actions movement desynchrony- sub-----counselling, subtle conflicts - ANSWER identical subtractive counselling
concrete styles: clients provide specific examples of c----might have difficulty reflecting on themselves and situations, children good at telling m----by m------stories - ANSWER concerns moment by moment
abstract/ formal operations- good at s--- analysis but hard to find specific e---- - ANSWER self examples
acculturation extent to which individual has adopted norms of b--------in each culture assuming - ANSWER behaving
techniques for paraphrasing
- sentence stem-p------it
- feeling label- add an e------word
- context/ brief paraphrasing: broaden r-------
- tense and immediacy: reflection in p------tense tend to me more useful than the p----
- checkout: make sure you were accurate about f------, many unspoken f----- - ANSWER personalize emotional reflection present past feelings feelings
4 basic emotions 4 social emotions - ANSWER sad, mad, glad, scared guilt shame, pride, embarrassment
brain and feelings
- prefrontal TAP regulates f------
- TAP activated when p-----cortex recalls gladness and the a-------energizes this process - ANSWER feelings, prefrontal, amygdala
EFT: emotion focused therapy helps people accept, e----, regulate and make sense of e---- skills: acceptance, genuineness, e----- attunement - ANSWER express, emotions empathetic
explore and reformulate emotional experience
- reflecting emotional experience: focus on therapy process, maintain a----- clarifying e------responses
- validation: legitimized r--------and support clients to explore how they construct their experience, build a------
- evocative responding: e--------, open ended questions
- heightening: using r---------, images and metaphors, highlight e-------that organize responses and new formulations of experience that re-organize the interaction
- empathetic conjective or interpretation: explaining new meanings concerning i--------- relationships and definitions of s---- - ANSWER 1. alliance, emotional
- responses alliance
- expanding
- repetition, experience
- interactions, self
restructuring interventions
- tracking, r-----and replaying interactions
- reframing in the context of the cycle and a----- processes, shifts meaning, fosters more p------perceptions of relationships
- re-structural and shaping interactions: enacting present p-----, enacting new behaviours based upon new emotional responses, expands on n------patterns, creates n--kind of dialogue - ANSWER reflecting attachment, positive negative, new
3 tasks of EFT
- create a------
- e------and r----------emotional experience
- restructuring i------- - ANSWER alliance explore and reformulate
- the observing s---: experience own thoughts and feelings
- values: what is most i----
- committed action: set g---, guided by your values and take a---- - ANSWER flex present self importance action
stages
- creative hopelessness- bring client towards new a----
- control is the problem not the s-----
- acceptance as alternative agendas
- trancendant sense of s---- safe to expose yourself to f----
- diffusing language and cognition- here and n--, repeat the thought over and over again in a funny voice so becomes de-------
- values- choose l---directions in different domains while undermining verbal processes that might lead to choices based on a---------, social compliance (a good person would do x)or fusion (my mom wants me to do X)
- willingness and commitment: develop larger pattern of effective action linked to chosen v-----, identify b------ - ANSWER action solution self, fears now detached avoidance values, barriers
- focusing- selective a----- to focus session on client i----, sig others, highlight green but don't ignore the negative
- theme: s-------from memory, listen to fine d------ to understand unique issue - ANSWER attention, issue strengths, detail
types of family therapy
- strategic
- human v--------process
- experiential h---- therapy
- structural- boundaries, hierarchies, collaborative presenting one problems may mask more important issue - ANSWER validation human
family therapy steps
- invite whole fam to session
- build c------- relationship
- assessing problem from other p-----------
- assess family r-----, v------, language patterns and goals
- assess cultural issues and family of origins for p-------across generation
- track interaction patterns- process comments, it takes b----- away and encourages responsibilities
- encourage typical environment- reframing assigning tasks - ANSWER collaborative perspectives rules, values patterns blame systems focus
- a person is t-------- in the context of relationship. usual focus on persons f------, thoughts and internal struggles
- relationship is guided by f---------in which each person continually responds to the other
