Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

Common Cations, Anions, Acids, Salts and Hydrate ..., Lecture notes of Chemistry

Mars Hill University (MHU)Chemistry

Cations (positive ions). Anions (negative ions). Acids (H+ and anion). H+. Hydrogen ion (proton). H–. Hydride ion. NH4. + Ammonium ion. F–. Fluoride ion…

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

snehaaaa
snehaaaa 🇺🇸

4.7

(19)

240 documents

1 / 2

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Common Cations, Anions, Acids, Salts and Hydrate Nomenclature!
Cations (positive ions)
Anions (negative ions)
Acids (H+ and anion)
H+
Hydrogen ion (proton)
Hydride ion
NH4+
Ammonium ion
Fluoride ion……………………………………
…
HF
Hydrofluoric acid
Main Group Ions
Chloride ion……………………………………
…
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
Li+
Lithium ion
Bromide ion……………………………………
…
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
Na+
Sodium ion
Iodide ion ……………………………………
…
HI
Hydroiodic acid
K+
Potassium ion
Oxide ion
Rb+
Rubidium ion
Hydroxide ion
Cs+
Cesium ion
Peroxide ion
Be2+
Beryllium ion
Sulfide ion ……………………………………
…
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
Mg2
Magnesium ion
Hydrogen sulfide ion
Ca2+
Calcium ion
Selenide Ion
Sr2+
Strontium ion
Nitride ion
Ba2+
Barium ion
Azide ion
AI3+
Aluminum ion
Phosphide ion
Sn2+
Tin(II) (stannous) ion
Arsinide ion
Sn4+
Tin(IV) (stannic) ion
Carbide ion
Pb2+
Lead(II) (plumbous) ion
Cyanide ion……………………………………
…
HCN
Hydrocyanic Acid
Pb4+
Lead(IV) (plumbic) ion
Oxoanions
Oxoacids
Sb3+
Antimony(III) (antimonous) ion
Hypochlorite ion………………………………
…
HCIO
Hypochlorous acid
Sb5+
Antimony(V) (antimonic) ion
Chlorite ion……………………………………
…
HCIO2
Chlorous acid
Bi3+
Bismuth(III) (bismuthous) ion
Chlorate ion……………………………………
…
HCIO3
Chloric acid
Bi5+
Bismuth(V) (bismuthic) ion
Perchlorate ion ………………………………
…
HClO4
Perchloric acid
Transition metal ions
Sulfite ion………………………………………
…
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid!
Cr2+
Chromium(II) (chromous) ion
Sulfate ion ……………………………………
…
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid!
Cr3+
Chromium(III) (chromic) ion
Hydrogen sulfate ion (bisulfate ion)
Mn2+
Manganese(II) (manganous) ion
Thiosulfate ion ………………………………
…
H2S2O3
Thiosulfuric acid!
Mn3+
Manganese(III) (manganic) ion
Nitrite ion ………………………………………
…
HNO2
Nitrous acid
Fe2+
Iron(II) (ferrous) ion
Nitrate ion………………………………………
…
HNO3
Nitric acid
Fe3+
Iron(III) (ferric) ion
Phosphite ion…………………………………
…
H3PO3
Phosphorous acid
Co2+
Cobalt(II) (cobaltous) ion
Phosphate ion…………………………………
…
H3PO4
Phosphoric acid
Co3+
Cobalt(III) (cobaltic) ion
(Mono)hydrogen phosphate ion
Ni2+
Nickel(II) (nickelous) ion
Dihydrogen phosphate ion
Ni3+
Nickel(III) (nickelic) ion
Carbonate ion…………………………………
…
H2CO3
Carbonic Acid
Cu+
Copper(l) (cuprous) ion
Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate ion)
Cu2+
Copper(II) (cupric) ion
Oxalate ion ……………………………………
…
H2C2O4
Oxalic acid
Ag+
Silver(I) ion
Cyanate ion……………………………………
…
HOCN
Cyanic Acid
Au+
Gold(I) (aurous) ion
Isocyanate ion…………………………………
…
HNCO
Isocyanic acid
Au3+
Gold(III) (auric) ion
Thiocyanate ion………………………………
…
HNCS
Thiocyanic Acid
Zn2+
Zinc ion
Chromate ion …………………………………
…
H2CrO4
Chromic acid
Cd2+
Cadmium ion
Dichromate ion ………………………………
…
H2Cr2O7
(Di)Chromic acid
Hg22+
Mercury(I) (mercurous) ion
Permanganate ion
Hg2+
Mercury(II) (mercuric) ion
# of Water
Prefix
1
Mono
2
Di
3
Tri
4
Tetra
5
Penta
6
Hexa
7
Hepta
8
Octa
9
Nona
10
Deca
Salts (Made of ions, neutral in charge)!
Name: (Cation)(anion) (prefix)hydrate (If # = 0 hydrate is omitted)
Formula: (Cation)m(Anion)n·(#)H2O (If # = 0 H2O is omitted)
Examples
Cations on the left, anions on the right, charge must cancel!
Strontium)Chloride)=)Strontium)ions)and)Chloride)ions)=)Sr+2)and)Cl‐)=)SrCl2!
Multiples of polyatomic ions require parenthesis!
Ammonium)Sulfate)=)Ammonium)ions)and)Sulfate)ions)=)NH4
+)and)SO4
2‐)=)(NH4)2SO4!
Calcium)Phosphate)=)Calcium)ions)and)Phosphate)ions)=)Ca2+)and)PO4
3‐)=)Ca3(PO4)2!
Waters of hydration (use table to left)!
copper(II))sulfate)pentahydrate)=)CuSO4∙5H2O!
11
Undeca
!
pf2

Partial preview of the text

Download Common Cations, Anions, Acids, Salts and Hydrate ... and more Lecture notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Common Cations, Anions, Acids, Salts and Hydrate Nomenclature

Cations (positive ions) Anions (negative ions) Acids (H+^ and anion)

H+^ Hydrogen ion (proton) H–^ Hydride ion NH 4 +^ Ammonium ion F–^ Fluoride ion…………………………………… … HF Hydrofluoric acid Main Group Ions Cl –^ Chloride ion…………………………………… … HCl Hydrochloric acid Li+^ Lithium ion Br –^ Bromide ion…………………………………… … HBr Hydrobromic acid Na+^ Sodium ion I –^ Iodide ion …………………………………… … HI Hydroiodic acid K+^ Potassium ion O^2 –^ Oxide ion Rb+^ Rubidium ion OH–^ Hydroxide ion Cs+^ Cesium ion O 22 –^ Peroxide ion Be2+^ Beryllium ion S^2 –^ Sulfide ion ……………………………………… H 2 S Hydrosulfuric acid Mg^2 Magnesium ion HS–^ Hydrogen sulfide ion Ca2+^ Calcium ion Se^2 –^ Selenide Ion Sr2+^ Strontium ion N^3 –^ Nitride ion Ba2+^ Barium ion N 3 –^ Azide ion AI3+^ Aluminum ion P^3 –^ Phosphide ion Sn2+^ Tin(II) (stannous) ion As^3 -^ Arsinide ion Sn4+^ Tin(IV) (stannic) ion C^4 –^ Carbide ion Pb2+^ Lead(II) (plumbous) ion CN–^ Cyanide ion…………………………………… … HCN Hydrocyanic Acid Pb4+^ Lead(IV) (plumbic) ion Oxoanions Oxoacids Sb3+^ Antimony(III) (antimonous) ion CIO 1 –^ Hypochlorite ion……………………………… … HCIO Hypochlorous acid Sb5+^ Antimony(V) (antimonic) ion CIO 2 –^ Chlorite ion…………………………………… … HCIO 2 Chlorous acid Bi3+^ Bismuth(III) (bismuthous) ion CIO 3 –^ Chlorate ion…………………………………… … HCIO 3 Chloric acid Bi5+^ Bismuth(V) (bismuthic) ion ClO 4 –^ Perchlorate ion ……………………………… … HClO 4 Perchloric acid Transition metal ions SO 32 –^ Sulfite ion……………………………………… … H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous acid Cr2+^ Chromium(II) (chromous) ion SO 42 –^ Sulfate ion ……………………………………… H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid Cr3+^ Chromium(III) (chromic) ion HSO 4 –^ Hydrogen sulfate ion (bisulfate ion) Mn2+^ Manganese(II) (manganous) ion S 2 O 32 -^ Thiosulfate ion …………………………………^ H 2 S 2 O 3 Thiosulfuric acid Mn3+^ Manganese(III) (manganic) ion NO 2 –^ Nitrite ion ………………………………………… HNO 2 Nitrous acid Fe2+^ Iron(II) (ferrous) ion NO 3 –^ Nitrate ion………………………………………… HNO 3 Nitric acid Fe3+^ Iron(III) (ferric) ion PO 33 –^ Phosphite ion………………………………… … H 3 PO 3 Phosphorous acid Co2+^ Cobalt(II) (cobaltous) ion PO 43 –^ Phosphate ion………………………………… … H 3 PO 4 Phosphoric acid Co3+^ Cobalt(III) (cobaltic) ion HPO 42 –^ (Mono)hydrogen phosphate ion Ni2+^ Nickel(II) (nickelous) ion H 2 PO 4 –^ Dihydrogen phosphate ion Ni3+^ Nickel(III) (nickelic) ion CO 32 –^ Carbonate ion………………………………… … H 2 CO 3 Carbonic Acid Cu+^ Copper(l) (cuprous) ion HCO 3 –^ Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate ion) Cu2+^ Copper(II) (cupric) ion C 2 O 42 –^ Oxalate ion ……………………………………… H 2 C 2 O 4 Oxalic acid Ag+^ Silver(I) ion NCO–^ Cyanate ion…………………………………… … HOCN Cyanic Acid Au+^ Gold(I) (aurous) ion OCN–^ Isocyanate ion…………………………………… HNCO Isocyanic acid Au3+^ Gold(III) (auric) ion SCN–^ Thiocyanate ion……………………………… … HNCS Thiocyanic Acid Zn2+^ Zinc ion CrO 42 –^ Chromate ion ………………………………… … H 2 CrO 4 Chromic acid Cd2+^ Cadmium ion Cr 2 O 72 –^ Dichromate ion ……………………………… … H 2 Cr 2 O 7 (Di)C hromic acid Hg 2 2+^ Mercury(I) (mercurous) ion MnO 4 –^ Permanganate ion Hg2+^ Mercury(II) (mercuric) ion # of Water Prefix 1 Mono 2 Di 3 Tri 4 Tetra 5 Penta 6 Hexa 7 Hepta 8 Octa 9 Nona 10 Deca

Salts (Made of ions, neutral in charge)

Name: (Cation)(anion) (prefix)hydrate (If # = 0 hydrate is omitted) Formula: (Cation)m(Anion)n·(#)H 2 O (If # = 0 H 2 O is omitted)

Examples

Cations on the left, anions on the right, charge must cancel Strontium Chloride = Strontium ions and Chloride ions = Sr+2^ and Cl‐^ = SrCl 2 Multiples of polyatomic ions require parenthesis Ammonium Sulfate = Ammonium ions and Sulfate ions = NH 4 +^ and SO 42 ‐^ = (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Calcium Phosphate = Calcium ions and Phosphate ions = Ca2+^ and PO 43 ‐^ = Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Waters of hydration (use table to left) copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate = CuSO 4 ∙5H 2 O (^) 11 Undeca

Common Covalent Binary Inorganic Compounds

# of atoms Prefix Common Examples (element closest to fluorine goes on right)

1 Mono H 2 Hydrogen N 2 Nitrogen 2 Di O 2 Oxygen NH 3 Ammonia 3 Tri O 3 Ozone NO Nitrogen monoxide (Nitric Oxide) 4 Tetra H 2 O Water (Dihydrogen Monoxide) NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide 5 Penta F 2 Fluorine N 2 O Dinitrogen monoxide (Nitrous oxide) 6 Hexa HF Hydrogen fluoride N 2 O 2 Dinitrogen dioxide 7 Hepta Cl 2 Chlorine N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide 8 Octa HCl Hydrogen chloride CO Carbon monoxide 9 Nona Br 2 Bromine CO 2 Carbon dioxide 10 Deca I 2 Iodine CCl 4 Carbon tetrachloride

Organic Nomenclature and Symbolism

(Other group prefixes)(longest chain prefix)(highest bond root)(most important group suffix) Bond Order Name Drawn Root Formula Carbon Chain Prefix 1 Single C-C ane CnH2n+2 # Systematic Common ** 2 Double C=C ene CnH2n 1 Methyl Formyl 3 Triple C ≡ C yne CnH2n- 2 Carbon has 4 bonds In formula: Groups - 1 H Other C-C bonds - 2 H (^) 2 Ethyl Acetyl 3 Propyl Propionyl Group Name Drawn Prefix Suffix 4 Butyl Butyryl Amine - NH 2 Amino amine 5 Pentyl Valeryl Ammonium ion - NH 3 +^ ammonium ion 6 Hexyl Caproyl 7 Heptyl Enanthyl Carboxylic acid* or - COOH or - CO 2 H^ Carboxyl oic acid 8 Octyl Caprylyl 9 Nonyl Pelargonyl Carboxylate ion * or - COO- (^) or - CO 2 -^ oate ion 10 Decyl Capryl Alcohol - OH Hydroxy ol Drop ‘yl’ from prefix for longest chain

**- F Fluoro

  • Cl Chloro
  • Br Bromo Halogen
  • I Iodo Aromatic** or C 6 H 5 or - Ф or - Ph Phenyl *Include carbon in chain prefix **Don’t use bond root (names only ane) Drop ‘o’ from carboxyl groups (‘ic’ and ‘ate’)

Examples

Name Formula Systematic Name Common Name Formula Name Formula Methane CH 4 Methanoic acid Formic acid HCO 2 H 1,2-Dichloroethane C 2 H 4 Cl 2 Ethane C 2 H 6 Ethanoic acid Acetic acid CH 3 CO 2 H Methylamine CH 3 NH 2 Propane C 3 H 8 Propanoic acid Propionic acid C 2 H 5 CO 2 H Methylammonium ion CH 3 NH 3 + Butane C 4 H 10 Butanoic acid Butyric acid C 3 H 7 CO 2 H 1,3-butadiene C 4 H 6 Pentane C 5 H 12 Pentanoic acid Valeric acid C 4 H 9 CO 2 H Hydroxyethanoic acid HOCH 2 CO 2 H Methanol CH 3 OH Methanoate ion Formate ion HCO 2 -^ Phenol C 6 H 5 OH Ethanol C 2 H 5 OH Ethanoate ion Acetate ion CH 3 CO 2 - Propanol C 3 H 7 OH Propanoate ion Propionate ion C 2 H 5 CO 2 -^ Special Names Formula Butanol C 4 H 9 OH Butanoate ion Butyrate ion C 3 H 7 CO 2 -^ Benzene C 6 H 6 Pentanol C 5 H 11 OH Pentanoate ion Valerate ion C 4 H 9 CO 2 -^ Toluene C 6 H 5 CH 3

Most Common Formula Representations (All represent ethanol)

Example C 2 H 6 O CH 3 CH 2 OH Name Molecular Formula Condensed Molecular Formula Structural Formula Line Formula