Download Colorado Mental Health Jurisprudence Exam with precise answers & rationales and more Exams Health, psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Colorado |! Mental |! Health |!
Jurisprudence |! Exam |! with |! precise |!
answers |! & |! rationales
To |! qualify |! for |! licensure, |! an |! applicant |! must |! present |! satisfactory |! proof |! to |! the |! Acupuncture |! Board |! that |! the |! applicant |! has |! met |! certain |! requirements. |! Which |! of |! the |! following |! is |! NOT |! a |! requirement |! to |! qualify |! for |! licensure: References: |! 205.203, |! Occ. |! Code; |! Board |! Rule |! 183.4(a) A) |! the |! applicant |! has |! an |! associate |! degree |! from |! an |! accredited |! community |! college |! or |! a |! four-year |! college |! or university; B) |! the |! applicant |! is |! a |! graduate |! of |! an |! acceptable |! approved |! acupuncture |! school |! or |! received |! and |! completed |! training |! which, |! in |! the |! opinion |! of |! the |! Acupuncture |! Board, |! was |! substantially |! equivalent |! to |! training |! provided |! by |! such |! a |! school; C) |! the |! applicant |! has |! taken |! and |! passed |! the |! CCAOM |! (Council |! of |! Colleges |! of |! Acupuncture |! and |! Oriental Medicine) |! Clean |! Needle |! Technique |! (CNT) |! course |! and |! practical |! examination; D) |! the |! applicant |! has |! successfully |! completed |! 60 |! semester |! hours |! of |! general |! academic |! college |! level courses, |! other |! than |! in |! acupuncture |! school.
E) |! None |! of |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔It |! is |! not |! a |! requirement |! that |! an |! applicant |! have |! an |! associate |! degree |! from |! an |! accredited |! community |! college |! or |! a |! four- year |! college |! or |! university. To |! qualify |! for |! licensure, |! an |! applicant |! must |! present |! satisfactory |! proof |! to |! the |! Acupuncture |! Board |! that |! the |! applicant has |! met |! certain |! requirements. |! Which |! of |! the |! following |! are |! requirements |! to |! qualify |! for |! licensure? |! That |! the applicant: (1) |! is |! at |! least |! 21 |! years |! of |! age; (2) |! has |! taken |! and |! passed, |! within |! three |! attempts, |! each |! component |! of |! the |! full |! National |! Certification |! Commission for |! Acupuncture |! and |! Oriental |! Medicine |! (NCCAOM) |! examination; (3) |! is |! able |! to |! communicate |! in |! English; (4) |! has |! successfully |! completed |! 90 |! semester |! hours |! of |! general |! academic |! college |! level |! courses, |! other |! than |! in acupuncture |! school. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔To |! qualify |! for |! licensure, |! an |! applicant |! must |! present |! satisfactory |! proof |! to |! the |! Acupuncture |! Board |! that |! the applicant |! is |! at |! least |! 21 |! years |! of |! age; |! has |! taken |! and |! passed, |! within |! three |! attempts, |! each |! component |! of |! the full |! National |! Certification |! Commission |! for |! Acupuncture |! and |! Oriental |! Medicine |! (NCCAOM) |! examination; |! and is |! able |! to |! communicate |! in |! English. Which |! of |! the |! following |! is |! NOT |! sufficient |! to |! demonstrate |! ability |! to |! communicate |! in |! English?
B |! (2);
C |! (2) |! and |! the |! licensing |! requirements |! for |! states |! bordering |! Texas; D |! (1) |! and |! (2); E |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! jurisprudence |! examination |! is |! to |! cover |! Texas |! licensing |! requirements |! and |! other |! laws, |! rules, |! or regulations |! applicable |! to |! the |! professional |! practice |! of |! acupuncture |! in |! this |! state. What |! is |! outside |! the |! scope |! of |! practice |! of |! a |! person |! licensed |! to |! practice |! acupuncture |! in |! Texas? (1) |! moxibustion; (2) |! insertion |! of |! acupuncture |! needle; (3) |! the |! administration |! of |! thermal |! or |! electrical |! treatments; (4) |! prescribe |! dangerous |! drugs |! or |! controlled |! substances. References: |! 205.001(2), |! Occ. |! Code; |! Board |! Rule |! 183.2(4) A |! (1); B |! (2); C |! (3); D |! (4); E |! Recommendation |! of |! dietary |! guidelines, |! energy |! flow |! exercise, |! or |! dietary |! or |! herbal |! supplements |! in conjunction |! with |! (1),(2) |! or |! (3). |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! acupuncturist |! may |! not |! prescribe |! dangerous |! drugs |! or |! controlled |! substances |! under |! an |! acupuncture license.
Which |! of |! the |! following |! are |! grounds |! for |! license |! denial |! or |! disciplinary |! action |! by |! the |! Board? |! The |! acupuncturist: (1) |! drinks |! moderately |! in |! the |! evening |! and |! is |! not |! impaired |! the |! following |! morning |! when |! the |! acupuncturists |! sees patients; (2) |! has |! a |! one-time |! arrest |! for |! driving |! while |! intoxicated; (3) |! intemperately |! uses |! drugs |! or |! intoxicating |! liquors |! to |! an |! extent |! that, |! in |! the |! opinion |! of |! the |! Board, |! could |! endanger the |! lives |! of |! patients; (4) |! is |! unable |! to |! practice |! acupuncture |! with |! reasonable |! skill |! and |! with |! safety |! to |! patients |! because |! of |! illness, drunkenness, |! or |! excessive |! use |! of |! drugs, |! narcotics, |! chemicals, |! or |! any |! other |! type |! of |! material |! or |! because |! of |! any mental |! or |! physical |! condition. References: |! 205.351, |! Occ. |! Code A |! (1) |! and |! (2); B |! (2) |! and |! (3); C |! (2) |! and |! (4); D |! (3) |! and |! (4); E |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! Board |! has |! grounds |! for |! license |! denial |! or |! disciplinary |! action |! against |! an |! acupuncturist |! who |! intemperately uses |! drugs |! or |! intoxicating |! liquors |! to |! an |! extent |! that, |! in |! the |! opinion |! of |! the |! Board, |! could |! endanger |! the |! lives |! of patients; |! or |! is |! unable |! to |! practice |! acupuncture |! with |! reasonable |! skill |! and |! with |! safety |! to |! patients |! because |! of
Which |! of |! the |! following |! are |! grounds |! for |! license |! denial |! or |! disciplinary |! action |! by |! the |! Board? |! If |! the |! acupuncturist: (1) |! has |! been |! convicted |! of |! a |! crime |! involving |! moral |! turpitude |! or |! a |! felony |! or |! is |! the |! subject |! of |! deferred |! adjudication or |! pretrial |! diversion |! for |! such |! an |! offense; (2) |! commits |! an |! act |! in |! violation |! of |! state |! law |! if |! the |! act |! is |! connected |! with |! the |! person's |! practice |! as |! an |! acupuncturist; (3) |! commits |! an |! act |! in |! violation |! of |! any |! state |! or |! federal |! law; (4) |! fraudulently |! or |! deceptively |! uses |! a |! license. References: |! 205.351, |! Occ. |! Code A |! (1); B |! (1) |! and |! (2); C |! (1), |! (2), |! and |! (4); D |! (1), |! (3), |! and |! (4); E |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! Board |! has |! grounds |! for |! license |! denial |! or |! disciplinary |! action |! against |! an |! acupuncturist |! who |! has |! been convicted |! of |! a |! crime |! involving |! moral |! turpitude |! or |! a |! felony |! or |! is |! the |! subject |! of |! deferred |! adjudication |! or |! pretrial |! diversion |! for |! such |! an |! offense; |! commits |! an |! act |! in |! violation |! of |! state |! law |! if |! the |! act |! is |! connected |! with |! the person's |! practice |! as |! an |! acupuncturist; |! or |! fraudulently |! or |! deceptively |! uses |! a |! license. Which |! of |! the |! following |! constitutes |! unprofessional |! and |! dishonorable |! conduct |! likely |! to |! deceive, |! defraud, |! or |! injure the |! public |! within |! the |! meaning |! of |! the |! Acupuncture |! Act?
(1) |! becoming |! financially |! or |! personally |! involved |! with |! a |! patient |! in |! an |! inappropriate |! manner; (2) |! failing |! to |! comply |! with |! a |! Board |! subpoena |! or |! request |! for |! information |! or |! action; (3) |! failing |! to |! maintain |! the |! confidentiality |! of |! a |! patient; (4) |! providing |! to |! a |! patient |! copies |! of |! his |! or |! her |! records |! without |! charging |! an |! appropriate |! fee. References: |! Board |! Rule |! 183.6(d); |! 190.8(2) A |! (1); B |! (2); C |! (3); D |! (4); E |! (1), |! (2), |! and |! (3). |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Becoming |! financially |! or |! personally |! involved |! with |! a |! patient |! in |! an |! inappropriate |! manner; |! failing |! to |! comply |! with |! a |! Board |! subpoena |! or |! request |! for |! information |! or |! action; |! and |! failing |! to |! maintain |! the |! confidentiality |! of |! a |! patient |! constitute |! unprofessional |! and |! dishonorable |! conduct |! likely |! to |! deceive, |! defraud, |! or |! injure |! the |! public |! within |! the |! meaning |! of |! the |! Acupuncture |! Act. On |! finding |! that |! grounds |! exist |! to |! deny |! a |! license |! or |! take |! disciplinary |! action |! against |! an |! acupuncturist, |! the |! Board may |! choose |! the |! following |! action: References: |! 205.352, |! Occ. |! Code A |! Require |! the |! person |! to |! submit |! to |! the |! care, |! counseling, |! or |! treatment |! of |! a |! health |! care |! practitioner; B |! Require |! the |! person |! to |! participate |! in |! a |! program |! of |! education |! or |! counseling |! prescribed |! by |! the |! Board;
C |! Is |! seeking |! treatment |! for |! smoking |! addiction |! or |! weight |! loss |! without |! the |! need |! for |! prior |! referral; D |! Is |! seeking |! treatment |! for |! substance |! abuse |! or |! alcoholism |! without |! the |! need |! for |! priior |! referral; E |! All |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! acupuncturist |! may |! perform |! acupuncture |! on |! a |! person |! if |! the |! person |! was |! evaluated |! by |! a |! physician |! or dentist, |! as |! appropriate, |! for |! the |! condition |! being |! treated |! within |! twelve |! months |! before |! the |! date |! acupuncture was |! performed. An |! acupuncturist |! treating |! a |! person |! referred |! by |! a |! chiropractor |! shall |! refer |! that |! person |! to |! a |! physician |! after performing |! acupuncture: References: |! 205.301(c), |! Occ. |! Code; |! Board |! Rule |! 183.7(d) A |! 10 |! times |! or |! for |! 30 |! days, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! if |! substantial |! improvement |! does |! not |! occur |! in |! the person's |! condition |! for |! which |! the |! referral |! was |! made; B |! 20 |! times |! or |! for |! 60 |! days, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! if |! substantial |! improvement |! does |! not |! occur |! in |! the person's |! condition |! for |! which |! the |! referral |! was |! made; C |! 30 |! times |! or |! for |! 60 |! days, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! if |! substantial |! improvement |! does |! not |! occur |! in |! the person's |! condition |! for |! which |! the |! referral |! was |! made; D |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! statute |! provides |! that |! an |! acupuncturist |! treating |! a |! person |! referred |! by |! a |! chiropractor |! shall |! refer |! that
person |! to |! a |! physician |! after |! performing |! acupuncture |! 20 |! times |! or |! for |! 30 |! days, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! if |! substantial |! improvement |! does |! not |! occur |! in |! the |! person's |! condition |! for |! which |! the |! referral |! was |! made. |! The Board |! rules |! provides |! 20 |! times |! in |! two |! months. |! A |! statute |! takes |! precedence |! over |! a |! Board |! rule. An |! acupuncturist |! may |! treat |! a |! patient |! for |! the |! following |! conditions |! without |! a |! referral |! or |! evaluation |! by |! a |! physician: References: |! 205.302(a), |! Occ. |! Code; |! Board |! Rule |! 183.7(c) A |! Smoking |! addiction, |! alcoholism, |! weight |! loss, |! substance |! abuse, |! stress; B |! Smoking |! addiction, |! weight |! loss, |! alcoholism, |! chronic |! pain, |! substance |! abuse; C |! Smoking |! addiction, |! alcoholism, |! substance |! abuse, |! chronic |! pain, |! stress; D |! Smoking |! addiction, |! weight |! loss, |! substance |! abuse, |! stress, |! chronic |! pain; E |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! acupuncturist |! may |! treat |! a |! patient |! for |! smoking |! addiction, |! weight |! loss, |! alcoholism, |! chronic |! pain |! and substance |! abuse |! without |! a |! referral |! or |! evaluation |! by |! a |! physician. An |! acupuncturist |! treating |! a |! person |! for |! chronic |! pain |! must: References: |! 205.301(d), |! Occ. |! Code; |! Board |! Rule |! 183.7(d) A |! Refer |! the |! person |! to |! a |! chiropractor |! after |! two |! months |! of |! treatment; B |! Recommend |! an |! evaluation |! by |! a |! licensed |! Texas |! physician |! or |! dentist, |! if |! after |! performing |! acupuncture |! 40 times |! or |! for |! four |! months, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! there |! is |! no |! substantial |! improvement |! of |! the |! patient's chronic |! pain;
C |! Refer |! the |! patient |! immediately |! to |! a |! Texas |! chiropractor, |! if |! after |! performing |! acupuncture |! 10 |! times |! or |! for one |! month, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! there |! is |! no |! substantial |! improvement |! of |! the |! patient's |! alcoholism |! or substance |! abuse; D |! Refer |! the |! patient |! immediately |! to |! a |! Texas |! physician |! or |! dentist, |! as |! appro |!
- |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! acupuncturist |! treating |! a |! person |! for |! alcoholism |! or |! substance |! abuse |! must |! recommend |! an |! evaluation |! by |! a licensed |! Texas |! physician |! or |! dentist, |! as |! appropriate, |! if |! after |! performing |! acupuncture |! 20 |! times |! or |! for |! two months, |! whichever |! occurs |! first, |! there |! is |! no |! substantial |! improvement |! of |! the |! patient's |! alcoholism |! or |! substance abuse. If |! a |! patient |! has |! not |! been |! evaluated |! by |! a |! physician |! or |! dentist, |! as |! appropriate, |! for |! the |! condition |! being |! treated |! within |! six |! months |! before |! the |! date |! acupuncture |! is |! performed, |! the |! acupuncturist |! is |! subject |! to: References: |! 205.301(a)(1) |! and |! 205.355, |! Occ. |! Code A |! A |! warning |! from |! the |! Board; B |! A |! warning |! from |! the |! Board |! and |! an |! administrative |! penalty; C |! Suspension |! of |! his |! or |! her |! license; D |! Revocation |! of |! his |! or |! her |! license |! after |! notice |! and |! a |! hearing; E |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔In |! general, |! if |! an |! acupuncturist |! does |! not |! verify |! that |! an |! evaluation |! has |! been |! performed |! by |! a |! physician |! before providing |! acupuncture |! services] |! [take |! out |! - |! obtain |! the |! required |! evaluation |! or |! referral |! from |! a |! physician], |! the
acupuncturist |! is |! subject |! to |! revocation |! of |! his |! or |! her |! license |! after |! notice |! and |! a |! hearing. The |! board |! may |! require |! a |! licensee |! or |! applicant |! to |! submit |! to |! a |! mental |! and/or |! physical |! examination |! by |! a |! physician or |! physicians |! designated |! by |! the |! board, |! if |! the |! board |! has |! probable |! cause |! to |! believe |! that |! the |! licensee |! or |! applicant is |! impaired, |! based |! on: (1) |! Sworn |! statements |! from |! two |! people |! that |! the |! licensee |! or |! applicant |! is |! impaired; (2) |! A |! sworn |! statement |! from |! an |! official |! representative |! of |! the |! Texas |! Association |! of |! Acupuncturists |! or |! the |! Texas Association |! of |! Acupuncture |! and |! Oriental |! Medicine |! that |! the |! licensee |! or |! applicant |! is |! impaired; (3) |! Evidence |! of |! a |! single |! arrest |! of |! licensee |! or |! applicant |! for |! intoxication. References: |! 205.3523, |! Occ. |! Code; |! Board |! Rule |! 183. A |! (1); B |! (2); C |! (3); D |! (1) |! or |! (2); E |! (1) |! or |! (3). |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! board |! may |! require |! a |! licensee |! or |! applicant |! to |! submit |! to |! a |! mental |! and/or |! physical |! examination |! by |! a |! physician |! or |! physicians |! designated |! by |! the |! board |! if |! the |! board |! has |! probable |! cause |! to |! believe |! that |! the |! licensee |! or |! applicant |! is |! impaired |! based |! on |! either |! sworn |! statements |! from |! two |! people, |! willing |! to |! testify |! before |! the |! Board, |! or |! a |! sworn |! statement |! of |! an |! official |! representative |! of |! the |! Texas |! Association |! of |! Acupuncturists |! or |! the |! Texas |! Association |! of |! Acupuncture |! and |! Oriental |!
Practicing |! after |! the |! expiration |! date |! of |! a |! license: (1) |! may |! subject |! the |! acupuncturist |! to |! a |! written |! warning; (2) |! may |! subject |! the |! acupuncturist |! to |! disciplinary |! action |! by |! the |! Board; (3) |! may |! subject |! the |! acupuncturist |! to |! criminal |! penalties |! for |! practicing |! without |! a |! license. References: |! 205.351(a)(11); |! 205.401, |! Occ. |! Code A |! (1) |! and |! (2); B |! (2) |! and |! (3); C |! (1) |! and |! (3); D |! (1), |! (2), |! and |! (3); E |! None |! are |! correct. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Practicing |! after |! the |! expiration |! date |! of |! a |! license |! and |! any |! grace |! period |! may |! subject |! the |! acupuncturist |! to |! disciplinary |! action |! by |! the |! Board |! and |! to |! criminal |! penalties |! for |! practicing |! without |! a |! license. Which |! of |! the |! following |! are |! true |! for |! an |! acupuncturist |! who |! is |! otherwise |! eligible |! to |! renew |! a |! license? |! The acupuncturist |! may: (1) |! renew |! an |! unexpired |! license |! by |! paying |! the |! required |! renewal |! fee |! before |! the |! expiration |! date |! of |! the |! license; (2) |! if |! the |! person's |! license |! has |! been |! expired |! for |! 90 |! days |! or |! less, |! renew |! the |! license |! by |! paying |! a |! fee |! in |! an |! amount equal |! to |! one |! and |! one-half |! times |! the |! required |! renewal |! fee; (3) |! if |! the |! person's |! license |! has |! been |! expired |! for |! longer |! than |! 90 |! days |! but |! less |! than |! one |! year, |! the |! person |! may
renew |! the |! license |! by |! paying |! to |! the |! medical |! board |! a |! fee |! in |! an |! amount |! equal |! to |! two |! times |! the |! required |! renewal |! fee; (4) |! if |! the |! person's |! license |! has |! been |! expired |! for |! one |! year |! or |! longer, |! the |! person |! may |! not |! renew |! the |! license |! and |! it |! is automatically |! cancelled |! (unless |! an |! investigation |! is |! pending). References: |! 205.253, |! Occ. |! Code A |! (1); B |! (1) |! and |! (2); C |! (3); D |! (1), |! (2), |! and |! (4); E |! All |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! acupuncturist |! may |! renew |! an |! unexpired |! license |! by |! paying |! the |! required |! renewal |! fee |! before |! the |! expiration date |! of |! the |! license; |! if |! the |! person's |! license |! has |! been |! expired |! for |! 90 |! days |! or |! less, |! renew |! the |! license |! by |! paying a |! fee |! in |! an |! amount |! equal |! to |! one |! and |! one-half |! times |! the |! required |! renewal |! fee; |! if |! the |! person's |! license |! has been |! expired |! for |! longer |! than |! 90 |! days |! but |! less |! than |! one |! year, |! the |! person |! may |! renew |! the |! license |! by |! paying |! to the |! medical |! board |! a |! fee |! in |! an |! amount |! equal |! to |! two |! times |! the |! required |! renewal |! fee; |! and |! if |! the |! person's license |! has |! been |! expired |! for |! one |! year |! or |! longer, |! the |! person |! may |! not |! renew |! the |! license |! and |! it |! is automatically |! cancelled |! (unless |! an |! investigation |! is |! pending). |! Note, |! however, |! that |! the |! acupuncturist |! must also |! submit |! an |! application |! for |! renewal |! of |! the |! license.
C |! (1) |! or |! (3); D |! (2) |! or |! (3); E |! (1), |! (2) |! or |! (3). |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! required |! hours |! for |! CAE |! shall |! be |! from |! courses |! that: |! (a) |! are |! designated |! or |! otherwise |! approved |! for |! credit by |! the |! Texas |! State |! Board |! of |! Acupuncture |! Examiners |! at |! the |! time |! the |! courses |! were |! taken |! based |! on |! a |! review and |! recommendation |! of |! the |! course |! content |! by |! the |! Education |! Committee |! of |! the |! board; |! (b) |! are |! offered |! by approved |! providers; |! or |! (c) |! have |! been |! approved |! for |! CAE |! credit |! for |! a |! minimum |! of |! three |! years |! by |! another |! state acupuncture |! board |! having |! first |! gone |! through |! a |! formal |! approval |! process. With |! respect |! to |! the |! continuing |! acupuncture |! education |! hours |! that |! an |! acupuncturist |! is |! required |! to |! complete |! each |! year, |! which |! of |! the |! following |! is |! true? (1) |! at |! least |! eight |! hours |! shall |! be |! in |! general |! acupuncture; (2) |! at |! least |! one |! hour |! shall |! be |! from |! a |! course |! in |! ethics; (3) |! at |! least |! two |! hours |! shall |! be |! in |! herbology. References: |! Board |! Rule |! 183.20(b) A |! (1) |! and |! (2); B |! (2) |! and |! (3); C |! (3); D |! (1) |! and |! (3); E |! (1), |! (2) |! and |! (3). |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! acupuncturist |! must |! complete |! at |! least |! eight |! hours |! in |! general |! acupuncture; |! at |! least |! one |! hour |! in |! ethics; |! and at |! least |! two |! hours |! in |! herbology.
With |! respect |! to |! the |! continuing |! acupuncture |! education |! hours |! that |! an |! acupuncturist |! is |! required |! to |! complete |! each |! year, |! which |! of |! the |! following |! is |! true? (1) |! no |! more |! than |! two |! of |! the |! required |! hours |! may |! be |! from |! courses |! that |! primarily |! relate |! to |! practice |! enhancement |! or business |! or |! office |! administration; (2) |! courses |! may |! be |! taught |! only |! through |! live |! lecture, |! and |! not |! via |! distance |! learning |! or |! the |! Internet; (3) |! at |! least |! two |! of |! the |! required |! hours |! must |! be |! in |! medical |! record |! keeping. References: |! Board |! Rule |! 183.20(b) A |! (1); B |! (2); C |! (3); D |! (1) |! and |! (3); E |! None |! of |! the |! above. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Of |! the |! continuing |! acupuncture |! education |! hours |! that |! an |! acupuncturist |! is |! required |! to |! complete |! each |! year, |! no more |! than |! two |! of |! the |! required |! hours |! may |! be |! from |! courses |! that |! primarily |! relate |! to |! practice |! enhancement |! or |! business |! or |! office |! administration. Regarding |! continuing |! acupuncture |! education, |! which |! of |! the |! following |! is |! true? (1) |! An |! acupuncturist |! must |! report |! on |! the |! licensee's |! annual |! registration |! form |! each |! CAE |! course |! that |! the |! licensee has |! attended |! during |! the |! registration |! period;
