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Ionic compound: Compounds in Aqueous Solution
Typology: Slides
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In our life we can see decreasing of freezing point by adding salt on the road. Due to this road is free of snow and ice.
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Electrolytes in the Body Carry messages to and from the brain as electrical signals Maintain cellular function with the correct concentrations electrolytes Make your own 50 - 70 g sugar One liter of warm water Pinch of salt 200ml of sugar free fruit squash Mix, cool and drink
Constant of dissociation for weak electrolytes
Colligative properties Properties of ideal solutions don’t depend on nature of the solute they only depend on its concentration. So properties that depend only on the number of solute particles and not on their identity named – colligative properties: Vapor pressure lowering Boiling point elevation Freezing Point depression
Vapour pressure depression
Vapour pressure depression The particles of solute are surrounded by and attracted to particles of solvent. Now the solvent particles have less kinetic energy and tend less to escape into the space above the liquid. So the vapor pressure is less.
Isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions The solution around the cells has the same concentrations like inside of them (first picture), too high concentration in which case the water flows out of the cell and they shrivel up (second picture), or too low concentration in which case water flows into the cells and they lyse or rupture (third picture.)
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Answer: Posmotic= 12 3 Pа.
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( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 22 11 12 22 11 12 22 11 M C H O V solution m C H O V solution n C H O CM mol L g mol L g
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
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Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression ∆T = K•Cm•i
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How many particles do each of the following give upon solvation?
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M(solute)g/mol m(H O)g m(solute)g 1000 ΔT K K kg/mol 2 b b Which is more effective for lowering the freezing point of water? NaCl, CaCl 2 or Glucose
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Freezing Point Depression ΔTf Kf Сm Kf Сm
ΔT i Kf Сm
ΔT