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Cognitive Psychology - Final Exam Questions - Fall 2004 | PSYC 375, Exams of Cognitive Psychology

Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU)Cognitive Psychology
Prof. Linda Rueckert

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Rueckert; Class: Cognitive Psychology; Subject: Psychology; University: Northeastern Illinois University; Term: Fall 2004;

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Cognitive Psych. Fall ‘04
Final Exam
Name: __________________________________
Multiple Choice. Circle the best alternative for each of the following. (1 pt each)
1. B. F. Skinner was a behaviorist who believed:
a. people learn language the same way they learn everything else, through operant and classical
conditioning
b. non-human animals can learn language if you teach them the right way
c. language is not instinctual – it is learned from the environment
d. all of the above
2. The study of the ways in which sounds can be combined in any given language is called:
a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
3. The branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning is:
a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
4. Rules regarding the structure of sentences – their parts and the way that those parts can be “legally” put
together – form a language’s ____.
a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
5. The study of the etiquette or social rules of language is referred to as:
a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
6. Studies of people who learn a second language have found:
a. you can’t teach an old person a new language
b. age has no effect on how well some one can learn a new language
c. people who learn a language after age 10 do not learn it quite as well as a native speaker
d. older people learn a new language faster than younger people
7. Studies of deaf children who learn American sign language have found:
a. they learn it very quickly, because it is simpler than spoken language
b. they learn it very slowly, because it is more complex than spoken language
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Download Cognitive Psychology - Final Exam Questions - Fall 2004 | PSYC 375 and more Exams Cognitive Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Cognitive Psych. Fall ‘ Final Exam Name: __________________________________ Multiple Choice. Circle the best alternative for each of the following. (1 pt each)

  1. B. F. Skinner was a behaviorist who believed: a. people learn language the same way they learn everything else, through operant and classical conditioning b. non-human animals can learn language if you teach them the right way c. language is not instinctual – it is learned from the environment d. all of the above
  2. The study of the ways in which sounds can be combined in any given language is called: a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
  3. The branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning is: a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
  4. Rules regarding the structure of sentences – their parts and the way that those parts can be “legally” put together – form a language’s ____. a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
  5. The study of the etiquette or social rules of language is referred to as: a. phonology b. syntax c. semantics d. pragmatics
  6. Studies of people who learn a second language have found: a. you can’t teach an old person a new language b. age has no effect on how well some one can learn a new language c. people who learn a language after age 10 do not learn it quite as well as a native speaker d. older people learn a new language faster than younger people
  7. Studies of deaf children who learn American sign language have found: a. they learn it very quickly, because it is simpler than spoken language b. they learn it very slowly, because it is more complex than spoken language

c. if they are exposed to it from birth, they go through the same stages of language learning as hearing children d. it doesn’t make any difference how old they are when they learn it

  1. Which of the following has not been found to be a characteristic of some one who is an expert, when they are studied while solving a problem within their area of expertise? a. they have more elaborate schemas b. they are more likely to recognize an analogy c. they are more likely to work forward d. they are more likely to work backward
  2. Julie, a psychology major, has noticed that many of her fellow psychology majors are left-handed. She hypothesizes that left-handers are more likely to major in psychology. Julie is using: a. deductive reasoning c. means-end analysis b. inductive reasoning d. mental set
  3. In the question above, Julie is also using: a. the representativeness heuristic c. a general problem solver b. the availability heuristic d. syllogistic reasoning
  4. Peter Wason gave subjects the sequence “2, 4, 6” and asked them to determine the rule used to generate the sequence. His findings suggested that: a. most people would generate a rule, and then only look for information that would support it b. most people would generate a rule, and then only look for information that would prove them wrong c. most people would look for both supporting information, and information that would prove them wrong d. most people could not generate a rule
  5. The phenomenon described in the previous question is known as: a. the availability heuristic c. ignoring base rate b. the representativeness heuristic d. a confirmation bias
  6. Suppose a psychologist puts 4 cards in front of you. One is blue, one is red, one has a star on it, and one has a triangle on it. She say’s, “If a card is blue on one side, it must have a triangle on the other side”. Which two cards shoud you turn over to see if the rule had been violated? a. the blue one and the star c. the red one and the star b. the blue one and the triangle d. the red one and the triangle
  7. According to the results Wason found in his card selection study, you would expect most people to turn over: a. the blue one and the star c. the red one and the star b. the blue one and the triangle d. the red one and the triangle
  1. Studies like the one described in the above two questions have found: a. People are very good at the type of deductive reasoning tested in the Wason selection task b. People are very bad at this type of reasoning. c. How well people do depends on the content of the question. d. People are very good at disconfirming the consequent.
  2. In the rule given in question #20, the antecedant is: a. “If a card is blue on one side” c. the whole sentence b. “it must have a triangle on the other side.” d. not given
  3. The ___ approach studies reasoning by analyzing a task into its separate cognitive sub-processes. a. componential b. rules / heuristics c. mental models d. imagery
  4. Which of the following is a difference between everyday reasoning and formal reasoning? a. In everyday reasoning, all premises are usually supplied. b. In everyday reasoning, there is usually only one correct answer. c. In everyday reasoning, problems are usually solved as a means of achieving personal goals. d. Formal reasoning is easier for most people than everyday reasoning.
  5. Normative models of decision making describe: a. ideal performance under ideal circumstances c. cognitive illusions b. what people actually do when they make decisions d. all of these
  6. When making a complex decision, such as choosing one out of ten different apartments to rent, most people: a. will spontaneously use multi-attribute utility theory b. start by eliminating some alternatives on the basis of only one or a few characteristics c. use the same decision strategy regardless of the number of alternatives they are choosing between d. will try to find more apartments to choose from
  7. The principle of diminishing returns can explain why: a. people are generally averse to taking risk b. people who take risks are generally more rational than those who do not c. people are more likely to take a risk if they are thinking about the potential of losing money d. people are more likely to take a risk if they are thinking about the potential of gaining money
  8. In a lottery with a $100,000 prize, and a 1 in 100 chance of winning, the expected value of a lottery ticket would be:

b. American 5-year-olds could count higher than Chinese 5-year-olds c. There were no differences in counting ability between American and Chinese 5-year-olds d. American adults can count higher than Chinese adults

  1. The result of the study described in the previous question has been attributed to: a. the fact that Chinese children start school at a younger age than American children b. the fact that American children start school at a younger age than Chinese children c. differences between Chinese and English in the words for numbers d. different teaching methods in China and America
  2. Research on situated cognition suggests that: a. practical thinking is less flexible than formal, classroom thinking b. educated people are better at formal reasoning than practical reasoning c. practical thinking is tailored to specific contexts, whereas classroom thinking is more abstract d. all of the above
  1. In the Scientific American video, when 3 year old children were asked to sort cards according to either shapes or color, and then switch to the opposite, they: a. were able to sort according to color, but not shape b. were able to sort according to shape, but not color c. could sort according to either shape or color, but then could not switch from one to the other d. could not sort according to either shape or color
  2. According to the video, very young children do not deceive other people because: a. they know it is morally wrong b. they don’t realize that other people don’t know what they themselves know c. their language abilities are not developed enough d. they are afraid they will be punished Short Answer. Answer 2 of the following 3 questions. (5 pts each;)
    1. What is the Whorfian hypothesis of language?
    2. What is the difference between using heuristics, and using an algorithm, in solving a problem?
    3. What is a “framing effect” in decision making? Give one example.