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A comprehensive overview of sudden cardiac death (scd), including its causes, risk factors, and management. It delves into the clinical presentation and collaborative care of patients experiencing scd, emphasizing the importance of rapid cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) and defibrillation. The document also outlines the roles and responsibilities of team members during a code blue event, highlighting the importance of effective communication and teamwork. It further explores the use of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone in resuscitation efforts, as well as the identification and management of reversible causes of cardiac arrest. The document concludes with a discussion of post-cardiac arrest care and supporting families.
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(^) Describe the precipitating factors, the clinical presentation, and the collaborative care of patients who are at risk for or have experienced sudden cardiac death. (^) Identify and discuss the clinical presentation and collaborative care of a patient during a Code Blue.
(^) History is an important predicter (^) Reports a mother or father with sudden cardiac death (^) Should be alerted to the possibility that the patient may have a similar predisposition or condition.
(^) cardiac function is disrupted abruptly, causing immediate loss of CO and cerebral blood flow. (^) death usually occurs within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms (^) ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, major cause in the majority of cases (^) less commonly, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or extreme bradycardia
It is difficult to predict: (^) male sex (especially Black men) (^) family history of premature atherosclerosis, (^) tobacco use (^) diabetes mellitus (^) hypercholesterolemia (^) hypertension (^) cardiomyopathy.
(^) Survivors (^) Diagnostic workup r/o MI (^) Cardiac monitoring (^) Cardiac catheterization, PCI or CABG surgery (^) Lethal ventricular dysrhythmia that has a high incidence of recurrence (^) Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) (^) Amiodarone may be used in conjunction with an ICD to decrease episodes of ventricular dysrhythmias. (^) 24-hour Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing
(^) to indicate a patient requiring resuscitation or otherwise in need of immediate medical attention (^) most often as the result of a respiratory or cardiac arrest (^) cardiac arrest in hospital areas are common (^) delayed treatment is associated with a lower survival rates
(^) Effective Compressions
ACLS Asystole PEA V Fib V Tach
(^) Push hard (at least 2 inches [5 cm]) and fast (100-120/min) and allow complete chest recoil (^) Minimize interruptions in compressions (^) Change compressor every 2 minutes, or sooner if fatigued (^) If no advanced airway, 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio (BVM) (^) Quantitative waveform capnography – If Petco2 is low or decreasing, reassess CPR quality.
(^) Epinephrine IV/IO dose: 1 mg every 3-5 minutes (^) Amiodarone IV/IO dose: First dose: 300 mg bolus. Second dose: 150 mg. (VT/VF) (^) or Lidocaine IV/IO dose: First dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg. Second dose: 0.5-0.75 mg/kg.(VT/VF)
(^) Hypovolemia (^) Hypoxia (^) Hydrogen ion (acidosis) (^) Hypo-/hyperkalemia (^) Hypothermia (^) Tension pneumothorax (^) Tamponade, cardiac (^) Toxins (^) Thrombosis, pulmonary or coronary