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CNT |! EXAM |! WITH |! PRECISE |! DETAILED |!
SOLUTIONS
Role |! of |! immune |! system |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Differentiate |! self |! from |! non |! self Natural |! barriers |! include? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Intact |! skin, |! mucous |! membranes |! of |! the |! nose, |! throat, |! urethra |! and |! rectum, |! stomach |! acid |! and |! a |! healthy |! respiratory |! mucosa Other |! factors |! in |! the |! immune |! response |! that |! protect |! the |! body |! from |! invasion |! and |! infection |! are |! the |! activity |! of? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Epithelial |! skin |! layer, |! mucus |! membranes |! and |! cleaning |! effects |! of |! tears, |! urine |! and |! vaginal |! secretions Microbes |! can |! enter |! the |! body |! through |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Breaks |! in |! the |! skin |! or |! an |! orifice |! (mouth, |! nose, |! urethra, |! etc) What |! are |! potential |! sources |! of |! infectious |! disease |! in |! an |! acupuncture |! setting? |!
- |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Skin |! of |! practitioners |! and |! patients |! hands, |! blood, |! saliva, |! swear, |! nasal |! and |! other |! bodily |! secretions, |! dust, |! clothing |! and |! hair Autogenous |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Infections |! created |! when |! pathogens |! already |! present |! in |! the |! person |! are |! moved |! into |! the |! body |! or |! to |! another |! location |! within |! the |! body |! where |! they |! are |! pathogens
Example |! of |! autogenous |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Impetigo |! where |! normal |! skin |! bacteria |! enter |! into |! subcutaneous |! areas |! through |! a |! break |! of |! the |! skin |! and |! set |! up |! a |! pustule Cross |! infections |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Pathogens |! accrued |! from |! another |! person |! or |! by |! the |! environment Most |! serious |! cross |! infections |! include? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HBV, |! HIV, |! MRSA What |! are |! the |! 5 |! types |! of |! hepatitis? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a, |! b, |! c, |! d, |! e What |! two |! Hepatitis |! viruses |! are |! transmitted |! fecal-orally |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔A |! and |! E What |! hepatitis |! are |! transmitted |! by |! blood |! or |! sexual |! contact? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔B, |! C, |! D What |! hepatitis |! vaccine |! should |! health |! practitioners |! get? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Hepatitis |! B As |! a |! health |! care |! worker |! are |! you |! legally |! required |! to |! get |! the |! HBV |! vaccine? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔No
Is |! there |! a |! vaccine |! for |! HAV |! and |! is |! it |! routinely |! recommended |! by |! the |! CDC |! for |! health |! care |! workers? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Yes |! and |! no How |! long |! can |! HAV |! live |! outside |! the |! body? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Months How |! is |! the |! HAV |! killed? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔By |! heating |! to |! >185 |! degrees |! for |! 1 |! minute HBV |! is |! mainly |! spread |! by |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔blood, |! blood |! products |! AND |! semen. Can |! HBV |! cause |! a |! lifelong |! infection? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Yes Ongoing |! transmission |! of |! HBV |! is |! found |! among |! people |! who |! are |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔unvaccinated |! with |! behavioral |! risks How |! long |! can |! HBV |! survive |! outside |! the |! body? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 7 |! days Can |! HBV |! be |! treated? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Yes, |! but |! the |! risk |! of |! chronic |! hepatitis |! is |! significant People |! at |! risk |! for |! HBV |! include? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Crowded |! or |! unsanitary |! conditions, |! have |! multiple |! sex |! partners, |! men |! who |! have |! homosexual |! contact, |! live |! in |! the |! same |! house |! as |! someone |! with |! chronic |! HBV, |! have |! sex |! someone |!
infected, |! have |! hemophilia, |! patient |! or |! work |! in |! home |! for |! disabled, |! injection |! drug |! users Is |! HBV |! spread |! through |! spring |! utensils, |! casual |! contact, |! contained |! water/food |! or |! breastfeeding? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔No when |! was |! the |! HBV |! vaccine |! made? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1981 How |! long |! is |! the |! incubation |! period |! for |! HBV? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔45-160 |! days HBV |! early |! S&S |! begin |! with? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Mild |! flu |! like |! symptoms |! such |! as |! a |! fever, |! chills, |! Laura, |! diarrhea How |! long |! do |! HBV |! early |! s&S |! last? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 2 |! to |! 6 |! weeks How |! many |! people |! who |! become |! infected |! will |! show |! no |! signs |! or |! symptoms? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 30 |! percent Fully |! 70 |! percent |! of |! people |! who |! have |! recovered |! from |! HBV |! from |! the |! symptomatic |! stage |! are |! still |! infectious |! for? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 3 |! months |! or |! more What |! hepatitis |! is |! the |! most |! common |! chronic |! blood |! borne |! pathogen |! in |! the |! USA? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HCV
Period |! of |! communicability |! extends |! ___ |! week |! after |! exposure |! through |! the |! chronic |! stage |! of |! HCV. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔One HCV |! onset |! is |! insidious. |! True |! or |! false |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔True HCV |! onset |! has |! S&S |! of |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Anorexia, |! nausea, |! vomitting, |! jaundice HDV |! transmission |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Percutaneous |! or |! mucosal |! contact |! with |! infectious |! blood Is |! there |! a |! vaccine |! for |! HDV? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Not |! its |! own |! vaccine, |! but |! vaccination |! against |! HBV |! will |! prevent |! infection |! of |! HDV. HEV |! transmission |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔fecal-oral Incubation |! period |! of |! HEV |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔15-60 |! days Average |! incubation |! period |! of |! HEV |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 40 |! days HEV |! is |! characterized |! by |! sudden |! onset |! of |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔fever, |! malaise, |! nausea |! and |! anorexia
Pregnant |! women |! have |! a |! morality |! rate |! of |! ____ |! percent |! from |! HEV |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 20 Incubation |! period |! of |! HDV? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Unknown HIV |! transmission |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔blood, |! semen, |! vaginal |! fluid, |! breast |! milk Does |! HIV |! survive |! outside |! the |! body? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔No Tuberculosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! infectious |! disease |! that |! may |! affect |! almost |! all |! tissues |! of |! the |! body, |! especially |! the |! lungs Incubation |! period |! of |! Tuberculosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔up |! to |! 12 |! weeks How |! is |! tuberculosis |! transmitted? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔airborne |! droplets How |! long |! can |! tuberculosis |! bacteria |! live |! outside |! the |! body? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Months |! on |! dry |! inanimate |! surfaces |! and |! can |! shrive |! in |! soil |! for |! 4 |! weeks |! and |! in |! the |! environment |! for |! more |! than |! 74 |! days. |! Exposure |! to |! light |! inactivates |! the |! bacterium Staphylococcus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cluster |! of |! cocci
How |! is |! HSV-2 |! usually |! transmitted? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔through |! sexual |! contact Influenza |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔flu How |! long |! can |! influenza |! viruses |! survive |! in |! the |! environment? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 24 |! hours Norovirus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! contagious |! gastrointestinal |! illness How |! is |! norovirus |! transmitted? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔oral-fecal |! contamination |! (foodborne), |! contaminated |! surfaces |! and |! secretions Clostridium |! difficile |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! spore-forming |! bacterium |! that |! releases |! toxins |! into |! the |! bowel How |! long |! should |! you |! wash |! your |! hands? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔10-15 |! seconds |! wil |! soap Alcohol |! used |! on |! skin |! to |! prepare |! for |! needle |! should |! be |! what |! percentage? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 70 |! percent You |! should |! let |! the |! alcohol |! dry |! before |! inserting |! the |! needle |! to |! prevent |! any |! discomfort. |! true |! or |! false |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔true
Are |! gloves |! required |! for |! needle |! insertion |! or |! needle |! removal? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔No When |! should |! goggles |! be |! worn |! during |! acupuncture? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Bleeding |! techniques |! like |! wet |! cupping Disinfectants |! are |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemicals |! that |! reduce |! the |! number |! of |! pathogens |! on |! inanimate |! objects CT |! scans |! suggest |! that |! the |! maximum |! safe |! insertion |! depth |! to |! avoid |! injury |! to |! the |! heart |! when |! needling |! the |! sternal |! foramen |! is |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 25 |! mm What |! medication |! and |! supplement |! can |! increase |! the |! tendency |! to |! bruise |! and |! bleed |! from |! acupuncture |! needling? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Coumadin/vitamin |! e According |! to |! the |! CNT |! manual, |! what |! is |! the |! recommended |! safe |! needling |! depth |! for |! the |! upper |! back |! and |! chest, |! and |! intercostal |! areas |! to |! avoid |! the |! possibility |! of |! a |! pneumothorax |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔10-20 |! mm What |! acupuncture |! point |! is |! over |! or |! next |! to |! a |! major |! blood |! vessels |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ST |! 42 How |! is |! a |! clean |! field |! defined? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! area |! that |! protects |! the |! sterility |! of |! objects
What |! occurs |! when |! the |! heart |! is |! accidentally |! punctured? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Cardiac |! tamponade Acupuncture |! treatment |! causing |! pneumothorax |! is |! an |! example |! of? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Iatrogenic |! pneumothorax primary |! spontaneous |! pneumothorax |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔occurs |! in |! people |! without |! underlying |! lung |! disease |! and |! in |! the |! absence |! of |! an |! inciting |! event secondary |! pneumothorax |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Underlying |! lung |! disease |! leads |! to |! weakened |! small |! airways |! which |! collapse |! with |! respirations. traumatic |! pneuomothorax |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔caused |! by |! trauma Iatrogenic |! pneumothorax |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔caused |! by |! medical |! providers In |! regards |! to |! a |! clean |! field, |! what |! is |! an |! accurate |! statement? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Establish |! a |! new |! clean |! filed |! with |! each |! patient, |! place |! unsaved |! swabs |! on |! the |! clean |! field In |! regards |! to |! skin |! preparation |! prior |! to |! acupuncture |! what |! is |! accurate? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Alcohol |! swabbing |! is |! superior |! to |! chlorhexidine Clean |! needle |! technique |! protocol |! includes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔hand |! sanitation, |! standard |! precaution, |! skin |! preparation
When |! locating |! an |! acupuncture |! point, |! how |! is |! the |! insertion |! point |! palpated? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔With |! washed |! finger When |! are |! hands |! washed |! in |! an |! acupuncture |! practice? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Before |! and |! after |! treating |! patients, |! upon |! entering |! the |! treatment |! room |! and |! before |! and |! after |! eating Where |! and |! who |! should |! gua |! sha |! not |! be |! performed |! on? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔over |! broken |! skin |! or |! washed, |! with |! skin |! burns, |! swelling, |! inflammation, |! with |! injury |! to |! tissues |! underneath |! the |! superficial |! layer |! of |! the |! skin What |! should |! the |! practitioner |! wear |! when |! removing |! cups |! that |! have |! blood |! in |! them? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Gloves |! and |! eye |! protection How |! long |! should |! a |! patient |! receiving |! chemotherapy |! avoid |! gua |! sha |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 48 |! hours |! before |! and |! 24 |! hours |! after |! chemotherapy Which |! burn |! degree |! has |! an |! absence |! of |! pain? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔3rd |! degree What |! is |! a |! less |! common |! outcome |! of |! cupping? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Hemorrhagic |! bullae What |! size |! moxibustion |! skin |! burn |! needs |! to |! be |! considered |! for |! referral? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Greater |! than |! 1 |! cm
How |! can |! be |! HBV |! spread? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sharing |! razors, |! sharing |! toothbrushes, |! infected |! mother |! giving |! birth which |! public |! health |! care |! settings |! have |! a |! history |! with |! being |! associated |! with |! hepatitis? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔drug |! rehab |! clinics, |! his |! clinics |! Tb |! clinics Which |! types |! of |! Hepatitis |! can |! develop |! into |! a |! chronic |! state? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HBV |! and |! HCV Which |! hepatitis |! never |! become |! chronic? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HAV |! and |! HEV During |! the |! incubation |! period |! of |! HBV |! the |! infected |! person |! can |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔spread |! the |! virus |! even |! if |! they |! have |! no |! symptoms Which |! hepatitis |! is |! one |! of |! the |! most |! frequent |! reasons |! for |! a |! liver |! transplant? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HCV Practitioners |! should |! be |! aware |! that |! less |! than |! ____ |! of |! patients |! infected |! with |! HCV |! have |! acute |! symptoms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 30 |! percent Hepatitis |! A |! can |! be |! killed |! by? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔heating |! >185 |! degrees |! f |! for |! about |! 1 |! minute
Which |! hepatitis |! does |! not |! cross |! skin |! or |! mucus |! barriers, |! rates |! of |! new |! infections |! are |! greater |! in |! adults |! than |! kids |! and |! is |! almost |! a |! zero |! via |! needle |! stick |! in |! an |! immunized |! acupuncturists? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HBV HCV |! is |! spread |! through? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Infected |! mothers |! to |! baby, |! sexual |! contact, |! sharing |! drug |! needles Which |! type |! of |! HIV |! is |! the |! most |! virulent? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HIV |! 1 How |! many |! types |! of |! HIV |! are |! there? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 2 Which |! HIV |! is |! most |! most |! common? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HIV |! 1 How |! is |! HEV |! spread? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔fecal-oral |! route What |! 3 |! viruses |! are |! spread |! through |! fecal |! -oral |! transmission? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HAV, |! HEV, |! Norovirus Is |! washing |! hands |! before |! cupping |! a |! critical |! guideline? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔No, |! its |! a |! strong |! recommendation CDC |! recommends |! all |! health |! care |! workers |! to |! be |! vaccinated |! for? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HBV
The |! most |! common |! mode |! of |! HIV |! transmission |! in |! a |! healthcare |! setting |! is |! with |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔needle |! sticks In |! order |! for |! HDV |! to |! develop |! it |! requires |! concurrent |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HBV |! infection In |! the |! US, |! most |! cases |! of |! HDV |! occur |! in |! hemophiliacs |! and |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔injection |! drug |! users Which |! of |! the |! following |! has |! been |! shown |! to |! place |! people |! at |! an |! increase |! risk |! of |! HIV |! infection? |! Acupuncture, |! body |! piercings, |! surgery |! or |! tattooing |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔surgery 15-25 |! percent |! of |! those |! infected |! clear |! their |! infection |! without |! any |! problems, |! incubation |! is |! 14-180 |! days |! and |! the |! course |! is |! similar |! to |! HBV |! but |! more |! prolonged. |! This |! describes |! what? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HCV Health |! care |! workers |! who |! receive |! the |! HBV |! vaccine |! develop |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔immunity |! with |! virtually |! no |! risk |! of |! HBV |! infection HAV |! is |! common |! in |! what |! settings? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Overcrowded |! and |! poor |! conditions testing |! for |! HIV |! is |! especially |! important |! for? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔people |! with |! STD, |! any |! women |! thinking |! of |! becoming |! pregnant, |! persons |! with |! multiple |! sex |! partners, |! homosexuals |! since |! 1978, |! intravenous |! drug |! users |! and |! sex |! workers
What |! is |! the |! incubation |! period |! for |! HAV? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔15-50 |! days Which |! is |! the |! most |! common |! chronic |! blood |! borne |! viral |! infection |! in |! the |! US? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HCV What |! are |! the |! most |! common |! symptoms |! of |! HIV |! infections? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Swollen |! lymph |! nodes, |! skin |! rash |! and |! fever How |! long |! can |! herpes |! simplex |! shrive |! on |! work |! surfaces? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Several |! hours Which |! mycobacterium |! skin |! infections |! can |! be |! associated |! in |! an |! acupuncture |! practice? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔mycobacterium |! abscessus, |! mycobacterium |! fortuitum, |! mycobacterium |! haemophilum HIV |! is |! characterized |! by |! severe |! weight |! loss, |! chronic |! diarrhea, |! severe |! weakness |! and |! fever |! that |! can |! last |! for |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 30 |! days Most |! patients |! when |! they |! are |! first |! infected |! are |! asymptomatic |! and |! they |! can |! transmit |! the |! virus |! to |! others, |! this |! virus |! also |! targets |! the |! CD4 |! lymphocytes. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔HIV HIV |! targets |! what |! seen |! type? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔CD
