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CMSRN Review Exam Questions And Correct Answers
Stomach location - ANSWER left upper quadrant Liver location - ANSWER right upper quadrant pancreas location - ANSWER Left upper quadrantgallbladder location - ANSWER RUQ (under the live)
thyroid gland location - ANSWER in throat below Adam's apple adrenal gland location - ANSWER on top of each kidney pituitary gland - ANSWER endocrine gland at the base of the brain small intestine location - ANSWER between stomach and large intestine jejunum location - ANSWER middle portion of the small intestine Pharynx function - ANSWER passageway for both food and air Larynx function - ANSWER voice box heart function - ANSWER pumps blood through the body arteries function - ANSWER to take blood away from heart
muscles function - ANSWER movement liver function - ANSWER Mainly, filtration and processing of blood; synthesizes bile gallbladder function - ANSWER stores and concentrates bile kidney function - ANSWER filter blood and produce urine intestines function - ANSWER absorb nutrients lymph nodes function - ANSWER act as a site for interaction b/w various cells of immunesystem and forgien material
spleen location - ANSWER LUQ spleen function - ANSWER breaks up RBCs, prodcution of lymphocytes--immune system stomach functions - ANSWER Stores food Churns food to mix with gastric secretionsBegins protein digestion Kills bacteria in the food (acid) Moves food into small intestine in form of chyme pancreas function - ANSWER control blood sugar via insulin & glucagon Secretes pancreatic juice that breaks down all categories of foodProduces digestive enzymes that break down fats, carbs, and proteins
CK-MB in terms of heart attack - ANSWER rises 4-6 hrs after heart attack elevation of this is indicative of uremia - ANSWER BUN symptoms of hyponatremia - ANSWER rapid pulse, weakness, lethargy, headache,polyuria, decreased urine speficic gravity, dry skin/mucous membranes, and olguria olguria is small urine production symptoms of hypernatremia - ANSWER .thirst, flushed skin, dry mucous membranes,low urine output, restlessness, increased heart rate, confulsions & postural hypotention. symptoms of hypercalcemia - ANSWER Fatigue, weakness, lethargy, anorexia, nausea,constipation, behavior changes, kidney stones, EKG changes.
symptoms of hypocalcemia - ANSWER - Numbness and tingling in the hands, soles of thefeet and around the lips.
- A nurse would assess the client for a positive reaction by eliciting the Chvostek's sign. symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSWER Numbness or tingling of the extremitiesMuscle cramping DiarrheaApathy Mental confusion symptoms of hypokalemia - ANSWER weak pulse, nausea, vomiting, decrease specificgravity of urine. Depressed s-t, inverted T waves
Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that: - ANSWER pneumothorax
Adrenal response - ANSWER Release of catecholamines (epi and norepi) that increasecontractility and HR
Pre-renal AKI causes - ANSWER due to factors outside of the kidneys. The causesinclude factors that decrease systemic circulation that results in reduced blood flow such as hemorrhage and burns. The reduction in blood flow results in reducedglomerular perfusion and filtration of the kidneys.
Pre renal AKI treatment - ANSWER Pre renal AKI can be treated with fluids and damagemight be reversible.
Intra renal AKI- ANSWER direct injury to the kidneys caused by inflammation, toxins,drugs, infection, or decreased blood supply
Intra renal AKI treatment- ANSWER the cause of renal injury has to be identified andcorrected.
Post renal AKI causes- ANSWER acute obstruction of the flow of urine Post-renal AKI treatment- ANSWER relief of obstruction What secretes aldosterone? - ANSWER adrenal gland What secretes Corticosteroid - ANSWER Adrenal gland Aldosterone function - ANSWER causes kidneys to retain sodium to increase bloodpressure, water retention
Corticosteroid function - ANSWER Controls key functions in the body; acts as ananti-inflammatory; maintains blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and muscle strength; regulates salt and water balance
TSH function - ANSWER stimulates thyroid gland Where is renin produced? - ANSWER REnin function - ANSWER converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, controls bloodpressure
Where is angiotensin produced - ANSWER produced in the liver Where is angiotensin secreted from - ANSWER kidney Angiotensin function - ANSWER constricts blood vessels; increases reabsorption of Na+and Cl-; stimulates ADH secretion
Where is EPO produced? - ANSWER kidneys EPO function - ANSWER RBC production Where does glucagon originate? - ANSWER pancreas Glucagon function - ANSWER increase blood glucose levels Where is estrogen produced? - ANSWER ovaries estrogen function - ANSWER stimulates development of female sex characteristics;helps regulate menstrual cycle
Where is progesterone produced? - ANSWER ovaries
progesterone function - ANSWER prepares uterus for pregnancy Where does PTH originate? - ANSWER parathyroid gland Purpose of PTH - ANSWER promotes Ca and phosphorus resorption from bone andrenal tubule promotes Ca absorption from GI tract Where is the thyroid gland located? - ANSWER neck Where is thyroid hormone produced - ANSWER thyroid glan purpose of thyroid hormone - ANSWER promote heat-generating (metabolic) reactions Where is epinephrine produced? - ANSWER adrenal glands Epinephrine purpose - ANSWER increase contractility and cardiac index Where is Norepinephrine produced? - ANSWER adrenal medulla purpose of norepinephrine - ANSWER maintain blood pressuretestosterone secretion - ANSWER testes testosterone function - ANSWER stimulates development of male sex characteristics;stimulates male sex drive and regulates sperm production Where is melatonin produced - ANSWER pineal gland pineal gland location - ANSWER brain
Periorbital edema (due to defect in renal excretion of salt and water HTN ***hematuria, edema, HTN = nephrotic syndrome 95% post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis have at least 2 symptoms, 40% have all 3. Pyelonephritis symptoms - ANSWER 1) urinary frequency
- urgency3) burning
- dysuria in the same way as cystitis
- flank pain and tenderness. **Pyelonephritis is also a more serious disease, so there is a higher fever and thepatient is much sicker.
What is pyelonephritis? - ANSWER `kidney infection SIADH symptoms - ANSWER -Weight Gain -Increase pulse-hyponatremia
Patients with diastolic heart failure will have a ___ ejection fraction. - ANSWER normal systolic heart failure - ANSWER heart can't contract and eject
diastolic heart failure - ANSWER ventricles can't relax and fill Left sided heart failure - ANSWER 1. Pnea, SOB2. Crackles
- Oliguria4. Frothy Sputum
- Displaced Apical Pulse (Hypertrophy) right sided heart failure - ANSWER 1. Jungular Vein Distention
- Ascending Dependent Edema
- Weight Gain4. Hepatomegaly (Liver Enlargement)
scolosis - ANSWER abnormal lateral curvature of the spine lordosis - ANSWER abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-backcondition)
kyphosis - ANSWER excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of theback.
causes of hypernatremia - ANS Excessive water loss, dehydration, Hyperventilation,Heat stroke, DI,
Causes of hyponatremia - ANS diarrhea, vomiting, excess sweating, burns, wounds,gastric lavage, over hydration
Causes of hypercalcemia - ANS Overactive parathyroid glandscancer
Parietal lobe function - ANSWER somatic sensory processing Occipital lobe function - ANSWER vision Temporal lobe function - ANSWER hearing and smell innate immunity - ANSWER Immunity present before exposure, effective from birth.Broad range of pathogens.
adaptive immunity - ANSWER immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen; slower torespond, has memory component
passive immunity - ANSWER the short-term immunity that results from the introductionof antibodies from another person or animal.
IgG antibodies - ANSWER passed through placenta to protect newborn IgM - ANSWER first antibody produced IgA - ANSWER mucosal immunity IgD - ANSWER Attached to B cells Activates B cells IgE - ANSWER allergic reactions B cells - ANSWER produce antibodies
T cells - ANSWER cell-mediated immunity steps of blood travel in the heart - ANSWER R side:SVC/IVA Right AtriumTricuspid valve RIght ventricle Pulmonary valvePulmonary Artery
Lungs L side: Pulmonary VeinsLeft Atrium Mitral Valve Left VentricleAortic valve Aorta Purpose of small intestine - ANSWER absorb nutrients purpose of large intestine - ANSWER absorb water Causes of metabolic Acidosis - ANSWER DKA, severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock symptoms of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER -Headache, lethargy
phenytoin levels - ANSWER 10- valproic acid levels - ANSWER 50- Long term steroid use - ANSWER can cause osteoporosis and hypothyroidism sign of chest tube airleak - ANSWER constant bubbling in water seal chamber metabolic syndrome - ANSWER A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three ormore of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are connected to anincreased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Cholecystitis - ANSWER inflammation of the gallbladder Cholelithiasis - ANSWER gallstones in the gallbladder patients with cholecystitis caused by choleliathasis is typically caused by patients withelevation in which labs - ANSWER blood cholesterol
LDL cholesterol - ANSWER bad cholesterol Normal LDL levels - ANSWER <100 mg/dL HDL - ANSWER high-density lipoprotein Normal HDL levels - ANSWER 40- deficiency of factor VIII - ANSWER Hemophilia A
deficiency of factor IX - ANSWER Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) Emphysema - ANSWER hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
