T E XTB O
OK P
ICT U R
E
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
NAM E
:
Acute Kidney Injury ranges from a slight
deterioration in kidney function to severe
impairment. AKI is characterized by a rapid
loss of kidney function. This loss is
accompanied by a rise in serum creatinine
and/or a reduction in urine output. AKI can
develop over hours or days with progressive
elevations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),
creatinine, and potassium with or without a
reduction in urine output. The severity of
dysfunction can range from a small increase
in serum creatinine or reduction in urine
output to the development of azotemia, an
accumulation of nitrogenous waste products
(urea nitrogen, creatinine) in the blood.
DES C RI P
T IO N
:
SI G NS/ S
Y M P
T O M
S :
Reduced urine output or changes to
urine color
Fluid retention, causing swelling in
your legs, ankles, or feet
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting
Dehydration
Confusion
High blood pressure
Abdominal pain
COMPLI C
A T IO N
S
:
Fluid buildup. Acute kidney failure
may lead to a buildup of fluid in your
lungs, which can cause shortness of
breath.
Chest pain. ...
Muscle weakness. ...
Permanent kidney damage. ...
Death.
MEDIC A L MAN A
G EMENT :
• History and physical examination
• Identify precipitating cause
• Serum creatinine and BUN levels
• Serum electrolytes
• Urinalysis
• Renal ultrasound
• Renal scan
• CT scan
S U R
G ICAL M
ANA G EMEN T
:
None in intrarenal
Postrenal if cause is Kidney Stones surgical
management is lithotripsy.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Concept
Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output
Concept
Risk for Fluid Volume Excess
Concept
Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance
N U RSING IN T E R
VEN T IO NS
: N U RSING IN T E R
VEN T IO NS
: N U RSING IN T E R
VEN T IO NS
:
1. Weigh daily at the same time of day, on
the same scale, with the same equipment
and clothing.
1. Assess the level of consciousness.
Investigate changes in mentation and the
presence of restlessness.
1. Administer and/or restrict fluids as
indicated.
2. Monitor urine-specific gravity. 2.
Assess skin, face, and dependent areas for
edema. Evaluate the degree of edema (on a
scale of +1–+4).
2. Monitor Serum Electrolyte Values
3. Assess heart and lung sounds. 3. Monitor heart rate (HR), BP, and JVD/CVP. 3. Encourage a low sodium diet, limit foods
with high potassium like bananas, oranges,
and tomatoes
REFERENCE(S)
Elsevier health sciences. (2019). Problems of Urinary Function. In Lewis's medical-surgical nursing: Assessment
and management of clinical problems (pp. 1064).
