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Rock Classification Study Guide: Texture, Mineral Composition, and Formation, Schemes and Mind Maps of Geology

This study guide provides an in-depth look at the classification of rocks based on texture, mineral composition, and formation. Geologists use various characteristics such as texture, mineral composition, hardness, color, and grain size to identify and classify different types of rocks. The guide covers igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, including their definitions, textures, and examples. It also explains the processes involved in the formation of each type of rock and provides true or false questions to test understanding.

What you will learn

  • What are the four types of rock texture and give an example of each?
  • What are the three main characteristics used by geologists to classify rocks?
  • Which forces can change rocks into metamorphic rocks?

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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Chapter 3 Study Guide
Classifying Rocks
1. What are rocks made of? Mixtures of minerals and other materials (soil, clay,
plant and animal remains)
2. Circle the letter of each characteristic that geologists use to classify rocks.
A. Texture
B. Mineral composition
C. Hardness
D. Color
3. True or False? Most rocks can be identified by color alone.
4. The look and feel of a rock’s surface is its texture.
5. True or False? A rock’s grains give the rock its texture.
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the grain size in rock.
A. An example of a coarse-grained rock is diorite.
B. An example of a fine-grained rock is slate.
C. Grains in fine-grained rock are easy to see.
D. Grains in coarse-grained rock are microscopic.
7. List the 4 types of rock texture: Grain size, shape, pattern and no visible grain.
8. How do geologists identify the minerals in a rock?
Observe crystals by using thin slices of rock and a microscope or doing mineral id
tests like the acid test.
9. Complete the table
Type of Rock
How it forms
Igneous
Molten rock cools
Sedimentary
Particles are pressed together
Metamorphic
Existing rock is changed
Igneous Rocks
10. Circle the letter of the definition of igneous rock
A. Rock that forms from minerals
B. Rock that contains iron
C. Rock that forms from magma or lava.
D. Rock that contains crystals
11. True or False. Extrusive rock forms beneath the Earth’s surface.
12. The texture of an igneous rock depends on the size and shape of its ___________.
13. True or False Igneous rocks with similar mineral compositions have the same
textures.
14. A rock with large crystals scattered on a background of much smaller crystals has a
porphyrytic texture.
15. What type of texture do extrusive rocks like basalt have? Fine grained
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Chapter 3 Study Guide

Classifying Rocks

  1. What are rocks made of? Mixtures of minerals and other materials (soil, clay, plant and animal remains)
  2. Circle the letter of each characteristic that geologists use to classify rocks. A. Texture B. Mineral composition C. Hardness D. Color
  3. True or False? Most rocks can be identified by color alone.
  4. The look and feel of a rock’s surface is its texture.
  5. True or False? A rock’s grains give the rock its texture.
  6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the grain size in rock. A. An example of a coarse-grained rock is diorite. B. An example of a fine-grained rock is slate. C. Grains in fine-grained rock are easy to see. D. Grains in coarse-grained rock are microscopic.
  7. List the 4 types of rock texture: Grain size, shape, pattern and no visible grain.
  8. How do geologists identify the minerals in a rock?

Observe crystals by using thin slices of rock and a microscope or doing mineral id tests like the acid test.

  1. Complete the table Type of Rock How it forms Igneous Molten rock cools Sedimentary Particles are pressed together Metamorphic Existing rock is changed

Igneous Rocks

  1. Circle the letter of the definition of igneous rock A. Rock that forms from minerals B. Rock that contains iron C. Rock that forms from magma or lava. D. Rock that contains crystals
  2. True or False. Extrusive rock forms beneath the Earth’s surface.
  3. The texture of an igneous rock depends on the size and shape of its ___________.
  4. True or False Igneous rocks with similar mineral compositions have the same textures.
  5. A rock with large crystals scattered on a background of much smaller crystals has a porphyrytic texture.
  6. What type of texture do extrusive rocks like basalt have? Fine grained
  1. Which statements are true about the silica content of igneous rocks. A. Igneous rock low in silica are usually dark colored. B. An example of an igneous rock low in silica is granite. C. Igneous rocks high in silica are usually light colored. D. An example of an igneous rock high in silica is basalt.
  2. True or False. Intrusive rocks have smaller crystals than extrusive rocks.

Sedimentary Rocks

  1. True or False. Sedimentary rocks form from particles deposited by water and wind.
  2. Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things are called sediment.
  3. List three forces that can carry sediment: water, wind, glaciers, waves
  4. Define the processes that create sedimentary rock: A. Erosion : wearing away and transporting of sediment B. Deposition: sediment is dropped by moving water or wind C. Compaction: sediment is squeezed together D. Cementation: mineral solutions glue sediment together
  5. What type of remains of living things may sediment include? Bones and plants
  6. Complete the flow chart to show how sediment in turned into rock.

Sediment deposits compacts cements Sedimentary Rock

  1. True or false. It takes millions of years for a sedimentary rock to form.
  2. True or false. Clastic rocks form when rock fragments are squeezed together.
  3. How are clastic rocks classified? By sediment size
  4. Complete the table Type of clastic rock Composition Shale Tiny particles of silt and clay Sandstone Small particles of sand Conglomerate Different sized rock fragments
  5. The type of rocks that form when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers is called organic rock.
  6. How does organic limestone form? Shells of sea creatures fall to the ocean floor and are compacted and cemented into layers of limestone
  7. What sediments form chalk? Skeletons of microscope organisms from the ocean
  1. Label the arrows in the rock cycle diagram using the following terms: Erosion, melting, heat/pressure, volcanic activity.

Igneous rock (^) Sedimentary rock

Magma

Metamorphic