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Chem 1075 Chapter 7 Language of Chemistry Lecture Outline
Slide 2-3 Classification of Compounds
- Most ____________________ compounds do not contain the element ____________________.
- The exceptions are _____________________________________, and carbonates which contain the ion ________________.
- There are 5 common classes of inorganic compounds (see flow chart):
Slide 4 Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds contain ___________________________________._
- Binary ionic compounds contain ___________ elements: one ____________and one ____________________. - KCl and AlCl 3 are binary ionic compounds.
- Ternary ionic compounds contain ___________ elements, at least one _______________and one ____________________. - KNO 3 and Al(NO 3 ) 3 are ternary ionic compounds
Slide 5 Molecular Compounds
- Molecular compounds contain ______________________________________._
- Binary molecular compounds contain _________ elements and both are _____________________.
- Some examples of binary molecular compounds are:
Slide 6 Aqueous Acids
- An aqueous solution is produced when a compound _______________________________ and is indicated by the symbol ________.
- An aqueous acid is any substance that produces ____________ when dissolved in water.
- A binary acid is an ____________ solution of a compound containing _________________ and one other ___________________. HCl (aq) is a binary acid.
- A ternary oxyacid is an ______________solution of a compound containing _______________, ___________________, and one other ______________________. HNO 3 is a ternary oxyacid.
Slide 7 Practice
- Determine whether each of the following would be ionic, molecular or aqueous acid. Then tell if it is binary or ternary. 1. Na 2 S 2. H 2 CO 3 3. BaCl 2 4. HBr 5. PCl 3 6. AlPO 4 7. CO
Slide 8-9 Classification of Ions
- Recall, an ion is an ___________ or ___________________ with a _______________.
- A _________________________ charged ion is called a cation.
- A _________________________ charged ion is called an anion.
- A ____________________ bound together which has an _____________________ is a polyatomic ion.
Slide 10 Monatomic Cations
- __________________ atoms can____________ valence electrons and become ______________ cations.
- Cations are named using the _____________________________ followed by the word “ion”. Na+^ is named _____________________________ Al3+^ is named _____________________________
- This rule applies for metals that usually __________________________. This includes the main group metals (except _______________________________) along with Ag+, Zn2+,^ and Cd2+.
Slide 11 Metals That Form Multiple Ions
- If a metal can form more than one cation, it is named using the __________________________, followed by the charge in ___________________________ in parentheses followed by the word “ion”. Fe2+^ is the ______________________ Fe3+^ is the ______________________
- This is called the ____________________________ of naming cations.
Slide 18 Polyatomic Anions
- Polyatomic anions generally contain one or more elements combined with _________________. These anions are called ___________________________.
- Most polyatomic anions have names that end in the suffix ___________ or ____________.
PO 4 3-^ is the _____________________ ion PO 3 3-^ is the __________________________ ion SO 4 2-^ is the _____________________ ion SO 3 2-^ is the __________________________ ion NO 3 -^ is the ______________________ ion NO 2 -^ is the ___________________________ ion
Slide 19 Polyatomic Anions
- What is the same comparing - ate and - ite ions?
- What is different?
- The oxyanions that end in _____________ have __________________ oxygen than the oxyanions than end in _______________.
Slide 20 More Polyatomic Anions
The formula for the chlorate ion is ClO 3 1-. What is the formula for the chlorite ion?
There are two polyatomic ions that end in ___________:
Slide 21 Some Common Polyatomic ions (SEE INSIDE BACK COVER OF TEXT)
Slide 22 Writing Ionic formulas
- An ionic compound is composed of __________________ and ___________________ ions.
- A formula unit is the ________________________________________________ of an ionic compound (simplest way to write the formula or simplest ratio of cation to anion).
- A formula unit is ___________________, so the ________________________ charge must equal the ______________________________ charge in the formula unit.
- When writing chemical formulas, the ________________ (_____________) always goes first and the ___________________ (_____________) always goes second.
Slide 23 Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- If the ions in the ionic compound have the same charge, the formula unit contains one of each ion. Na+^ and Cl-^ combine to form ______________. Mg2+^ and S2-^ combine to form _____________. Al3+^ and P3-^ combine to form ______________.
Slide 24 Formulas of Ionic Compounds
- If the charges are not equal, we must _________________ the positive and negative charges.
Ca2+^ and Cl-^ combine to give what formula?
Ca2+^ needs two Cl-^ to balance charge:
The Formula would be______________.
Slide 25 Formulas for Ionic compounds
Al3+^ and O2-^ combine to give what formula?
The formula would be_____________. Don’t show _________________in final formula.
Slide 26 Criss-Cross Method
- You can quickly verify that the chemical formula is written correctly by _________________ ______________________ the charge on each ion.
- The charge on the aluminum ion becomes the _____________________ for the oxygen, and the charge on the oxide ion becomes the ____________________for the aluminum ion.
Slide 27 Practice
- Write the formulas for the ionic compounds containing:
- lithium and bromine
- magnesium and nitrogen
- calcium and oxygen
- aluminum and iodine
- potassium and phosphorus
- barium and sulfur
Slide 28 Formulas with Polyatomic Ions
- Follow the same rules as binary ionic compounds; if the charges are ____________, the formula has __________ of each ion.
Mg2+^ and SO 4 2-^ combine to form _______________. K+^ and ClO 3 -^ combine to form ______________.
- If the charges are _________ equal, the total charge must equal ___________. If you have more than one polyatomic ion, it is placed in ______________________. Al3+^ and CO 3 2-^ combine to form _________________.
- If we have a metal that can have more than one oxidation state, we have to determine the charge on the metal.
- Co(ClO 3 ) 3 is composed of __________________________ and is named
Slide 34 Predicting Formulas for Ionic compounds
What is the formula for radium carbonate given that calcium carbonate is CaCO 3?
The formula for radium carbonate is _________________.
Slide 35 Binary Molecular Compounds
Binary molecular compounds are composed of______________________________________________
A _________________ is the simplest representative particle of a binary _________________________ compound.
Slide 36 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
- The first element in the compound is named first and the second element has the suffix -ide.
- The number of atoms of each element must be indicated by Greek prefixes.
1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10
Slide 37 Names of Binary Molecular Compounds
The molecular compound P 4 S 3 is used on match tips. What is the name?
What is the name for Br 3 O 8?
Slide 38 An Exception
There is one exception to the use of the Greek prefixes when naming binary molecular compounds.
If there is only _______atom of the first element, the __________ is not used. The prefix ___________ is always used for the second element.
CO is______________________________________________
IF 6 is ______________________________________________
Slide 39 Binary Acids
- A binary acid is an aqueous solution of a compound containing ________________________ and a __________________________.
- The formula of an acid always begins with __________: HF (aq)
- Binary acids are named by using the prefix _____________________ before the element stem and adding the suffix _________________________
HF (aq) is ________________________________ H 2 S (aq) is ________________________________
Slide 40 Ternary Oxyacids
- Ternary oxyacids are aqueous solution of a compound containing _____________________ and an ________________________.
- If the acid is derived from an oxyanion ending in ____________ , the suffix is changed to _________________. HNO 3 (aq) is ________________________________ (from NO 3 - , nitrate ion)
- If the acid is derived from an oxyanion ending in ____________ , the suffix is changed to __________________. HNO 2 (aq) is _________________________________ (from NO 2 - , nitrite ion)
Slide 41-42 Practice
Formula Cation Anion Name
HBr
H+^ SO 3 2-
Chloric acid
HBrO