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Classical conditioning

Video clips http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/ 20609/ 2 and a half men clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba- WHk Big Bang theory clip positive reinforcement

http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/ 8102644451233992961.htm pavlov cloze  (^) http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/ view/20088/ recreation of Pavlov’s dogs http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/ boy and bbgun http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/ videos/view/20218/ basic CC http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20132/ John Watson

• Little Albert http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/ 5408354791237315696.htm match quiz Pavlov

BATs

 (^) Outline the behaviourist theory of phobias (D+)  (^) Explain how classical and operant conditioning can start and maintain a phobia (B+) Homework –

1. Describe Classical Conditioning in relation to a phobia of your choice. (5 marks)
2. Explain how the idea of Operant Conditioning can explain why the phobia continues and isn’t extinguished. (3 marks)

The Behaviourist Theory  (^) Behaviourists are Psychologists who believe that behaviours are LEARNED not NATURAL.  (^) They believe we learn to be PHOBIC.  (^) Many people can link their phobia to a bad experience  (^) Children often have similar phobias to parents

Classical Conditioning  (^) Behaviourists accept that some behaviours are not learnt, but INSTINCTIVE e.g. responses like vomiting, sexual arousal and anxiety  (^) They called these UNCONDITIONED RESPONSES (UCR)  (^) These responses are triggered by UNCONDITIONED STIMULI (UCS) Objects and events that naturally cause the reaction e.g. poison, stimulating genitals and a threat

Classical Conditioning

BUT – sometimes these responses happen

because of a NEUTRAL STIMULUS (NS)

• one that normally doesn’t cause a

reaction.

e.g. NS = burger. You may once have been sick after eating one.  (^) you then ASSOCIATE the burger(NS) with the response (vomiting)  (^) Next time you have a burger it makes you feel sick!! You have been Classically Conditioned

Over to you …  (^) Do activities 5.4 and 5.5 p66-67– use the worksheet.  (^) http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/ videos/view/20088/ recreation of Pavlov’s dogs  (^) Copy diagrams on p67 to illustrate Pavlov’s experiment  (^) EXTENSION – Activity 5.6 p  (^) What does Stimulus Generalisation mean? (^) Breaktime!

UCS UCR

NS

CS CR

FOOD SALIVATION BELL BELL (^) SALIVATION Classical Conditioning – Pavlov’s Experiment

UCS

(sting) UCR

FEAR

NS

(bee)

CS

(bee)

Apiphobia – a fear of bees

CR

FEAR

association This can happen after one bad experience – ONE TRIAL LEARNING

How can Classical Conditioning be

used to explain how Phobias

continue?

1. Stimulus generalisation – associate CR with stimuli similar to the original stimulus (e.g. apiphobics may also fear wasps) 2. Extinction – associations between stimulus and response gradually disappear – but why don’t people stop being phobic if they have not encountered the stimulus that causes their phobia for a while?

How can Classical Conditioning be

used to explain how Phobias

continue?

3. Operant Conditioning ..  (^) A phobia is also about avoiding the object or situation (Stimulus)  (^) Avoidance – feel relieved – REWARDING – keep avoiding the stimulus to get more relief  (^) Facing fear (e.g. bee) – ANXIETY – PUNISHING – don’t want to face fear again http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba-WHk Big Bang theory clip positive reinforcement

Behaviourist theory of phobias  (^) All behaviours, including phobias, are learnt.  (^) In other words, phobias are conditioned.  (^) Phobias start because of classical conditioning.  (^) Phobias are maintained (kept going) by operant conditioning.

Homework

1. Describe Classical Conditioning in

relation to a phobia of your choice. (

marks)

2. Explain how the idea of Operant

Conditioning can explain why the

phobia continues and isn’t

extinguished. (3 marks)