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CJUS Exam 1 Chapter 1-4 Exam Latest
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homicide - Answer the killing of one person by another
criminal homicide - Answer unjustified, unexcused killing of another human being
murder - Answer intentionally causing the death of another without reasonable provocation or legal justification
manslaughter - Answer criminal homicide without malice, committed intentionally after provocation
negligent homicide - Answer a lesser form of involuntary manslaughter
1st degree murder - Answer premeditated and deliberate, intentional and malicious killing
2nd degree murder - Answer a murder without premeditation and deliberation
felony murder - Answer when death is caused during the commission of a felony considered dangerous to life , the law considers it murder on the part of all participants
voluntary manslaughter - Answer a killing committed intentionally but without malice, as in the heat of passion or in response to strong provocation without an opportunity to cool off
involuntary manslaughter - Answer a person causes the death of another unintentionally but recklessly by consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk that endangers the other person's life
mass murder - Answer the killing of one or more victims, in one act or
transaction, by one or more perpetrators
serial murder - Answer the killing of several victims over time
assault - Answer an attack on another person with apparent ability to inflict injury and at least the intent to frighten
simple assault - Answer assault that inflicts little or no physical harm
aggravated assault - Answer assault in which the perpetrator inflicts serious harm on the victim or uses a deadly weapon
robbery - Answer taking of property from a victim by force and violence or by the threat of violence
terrorism - Answer the use or threat of violence directed at people or governments to punish them for a past action or to bring about a change of policy that is to the terrorist's liking
kidnapping - Answer a felony consisting of the seizure and abduction of someone by force or threat of force and against the victim's will
larceny - Answer trespassory taking and carrying away of personal property belonging tp another with the intent to deprive the owner of the property permanently
shoplifting - Answer stealing of goods from retail merchants, makes up about 16 percent of all larcenies
fraud - Answer the acquisition of the property of another person through deception
high-tech crimes - Answer involves an attempt to pursue illegal activities through the use of sophisticated electronic devices
burglary - Answer the night or day time breaking in and entering into a house of another, with the intention to commit a crime or larceny or felony
arson - Answer malicious burning of or setting fire to the dwelling of another person
reasonable suspicion - Answer suspicion that a person has been or may be engaged in the commission of a crime
ROR - Answer no bail is required on condition that the defendant appears for trial and remains law-abiding in the meantime
preliminary hearing - Answer a preview of the trial that takes place in court before a judge
grand jury - Answer panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecution's evidence, in secret hearings to decide whether someone should be formally charged with crime
prima facie case - Answer case in which there is evidence that would warrant the conviction of the defendant unless otherwise contradicted
indictment - Answer accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence constituting a prima facie case
information - Answer accusation against a criminal defendant prepared by a prosecuting attorney
plea bargain - Answer a preconviction deal-making process between state and the accused in which the defendant exchanges a plea of guilty for a reduction in charges
sentencing guidelines - Answer system for the judicial determination of a relatively firm sentence based on specific aggravating mitigating circumstances
probation - Answer the release of a prison-bound offender into the community, usually with specified conditions
alternative sanctions - Answer punishments or other dispositions imposed instead of the principal sanctions currently in use
parole - Answer supervised conditional release of a prisoner before expiration of the sentence of imprisonment
attribution (morality) rate - Answer rate at which the numbers decrease in the course of the criminal process because persons are diverted out of the system
automatic weapons - Answer you press the trigger once and can shoot more than one bullet at once
semiautomatic weapons - Answer you press the trigger once and can shot one bullet at a time, only type of weapon allowed in US
Are school shootings going down or up? - Answer down
attempt - Answer the attempt to commit crime
accessoryship - Answer refers to the criminal liability of all those who aid the perpetrator of an offense
principal - Answer perpetrator of a criminal act
mens rea (latin) - Answer guilty mind; awareness of wrongdoing
What are the 5 stages of the criminal justice process? - Answer 1. Entry to the system, citizens play an important role by brining criminal events to the attention of the police.
- Prosecution and pretrial services, dominated by the prosecutors who prepare the charges.
- Adjudication, begins with an arrangement at which the officially accused person pleads to the formal charges against them, ends with guilty or not guilty.
- Sentencing and sanctions
5.corrections
probable cause: - Answer a set of acts, information, circumstances and conditions that would lead a reasonable person to believe a crime has been or is about to be committed and a certain individual is responsible
4th Amendement - Answer Protection from unreasonable search and seizure
5th Amendment - Answer prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy and mandates due process of law
6th Amendment - Answer The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person
wedding cake model - Answer 1. Celebrated Cases 2. Serious Felony Cases 3. Lesser Felony Cases 4. Misdemeanor Cases
What are the two goals of criminal justice? - Answer to fight crime and get justice
Uniform Crime Report (UCR) - Answer official date of the crime in the United States
index crimes - Answer the eight major crimes included in Part 1 of he UCR: criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson
What are the 8 index crimes? - Answer criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) - Answer a computerized system that agencies use to put the crime data into and it shares directly to the state and federal level agencies
modus operandi (MO) - Answer means and method by which a crime is committed
Why is crime down? - Answer gun laws, curfews, crack, demographics, jobs, get tough policies like longer/mandatory sentences, abortion
Who makes the Criminal Justice laws? - Answer Congress( Court Legislatures)
1960's Warren Court - Answer very liberal, gave accused rights, gave inmates rights
Miranda v. Arizona Court Case - Answer Supreme Court case that said that you must be informed of your rights before arrest
Mapp v. Ohio Court Case - Answer Established the exclusionary rule
Gideon v. Wainwright Court Case - Answer Established the right for an counsel (attorney)
Terry v. Ohio Court Case - Answer Gave law enforcement the right to "stop and frisk" (pat down) a person if they have reasonable suspicion
What is the assembly line model of justice? - Answer 1. Entry into the system 2. Prosecution and pretrial services 3. Adjudication 4.
Sentencing and Sanctions 5. Corrections
due process model - Answer requires strict adherence to the Constitution
crime control model - Answer focus on the efficiency and effectiveness of the process
Is crime down? - Answer yes
What is the most arrested race? - Answer black
What is the most arrested gender? - Answer men
What percent of black race is in America? What percent of crime do they account for? - Answer 13% and 28%
What percent of crimes committed by women, are committed by black women? - Answer 23%
dark figures of crime - Answer amount of crime that goes unreported
What is the weaknesses of dark figures of crime? - Answer Law enforcement will never know how much crime is actually happening
reasonable doubt
What is the standard of proof in Civil Law? - Answer preponderance of the evidence
actus reus - Answer criminal act that was intentional
