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CJ Exam 1 Chapter 1,2,4,5 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!!
As an institution of social control, criminal justice differs from the family, schools,
organized religion, the media, and the law in that it - CORRECT ANSWER -is
generally society's "last line of defense." Like the family, schools, organized religion, the media, and the law, criminal justice is
a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER -institution of social control.
American criminal justice consists of three main agencies. Which of the following is
NOT one of those three main agencies? - CORRECT ANSWER -prisons
Which of the following types of offenses may be punishable by death in the United
States? - CORRECT ANSWER -a felony
The term "jurisdiction," as used in your text, means - CORRECT ANSWER -a
politically defined geographical area. During which of the following stages is an administrative record of an arrest made? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Booking
A suspect becomes a defendant after - CORRECT ANSWER -one or more
charges have been filed. The purpose of a(n) ________ is for a judge to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the crime or crimes with which he or she
is charged. - CORRECT ANSWER -preliminary hearing
The primary purpose of a(n) ________ is to hear the formal information or indictment
and to allow the defendant to enter a plea. - CORRECT ANSWER -arraignment
About ________ of criminal defendants plead guilty to the charges against them in an
arrangement called plea bargaining. - CORRECT ANSWER -95 percent
Cases that are not resolved through plea bargaining or by a jury trial are decided by a
judge in a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER -bench trial.
One of the main purposes of an arraignment is to - CORRECT ANSWER -allow
the defendant to enter a plea. Currently, five general types of punishment are in use in the United States. Which of the
following is NOT one of these punishments? - CORRECT ANSWER -
transportation Defendants can appeal their convictions on legal or constitutional grounds. Which of the following is an example of a constitutional ground on which a defendant may appeal a
conviction? - CORRECT ANSWER -illegal search and seizure
Question 150 / 10 points
Which of the following statements is true of parole? - CORRECT ANSWER -It is
given before prisoners have served their full sentences. Because there is considerable conflict and confusion between different agencies of criminal justice, an accurate way of defining American criminal justice may be to call it -
CORRECT ANSWER -a nonsystem.
When politically conservative values are dominant in society, the principles and policies
of ________ seem to dominate the operation of criminal justice. - CORRECT
ANSWER -the crime control model
According to the crime control model of criminal justice, the most important function of
criminal justice is - CORRECT ANSWER -the control of criminal behavior.
The due process model is based on the doctrine of - CORRECT ANSWER -legal
guilt.
Which of the following is a condition of legal guilt? - CORRECT ANSWER -the
right to counsel Which of the following is a problem associated with finding an appropriate definition of
crime? - CORRECT ANSWER -Many dangerous and harmful behaviors are not
defined as crimes, while many less dangerous and less harmful behaviors are. Overcriminalization is mainly a problem when addressing which types of crimes? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Victimless crimes
A typical ________ definition of crime is behavior that violates the norms or mores of
society. - CORRECT ANSWER -social
_________ crimes are considered to be "wrong in themselves" and are characterized
by universality and timelessness. - CORRECT ANSWER -Mala in se
_______ refers to crimes that are not officially recorded by the police. - CORRECT
ANSWER -The dark figure of crime
_____________ refers to an estimate of crimes committed. - CORRECT
ANSWER -A crime index
A(n) ________ may be expressed as the number of crimes per unit of population. -
CORRECT ANSWER -crime rate
Which of the following terms is defined as a collection of crime statistics and other law enforcement information published annually under the title Crime in the United States? -
CORRECT ANSWER -the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
Which of the following crimes is a Part I offense? - CORRECT ANSWER -arson
________ is an act that is illegal for a juvenile but would not be a crime if committed by
an adult. - CORRECT ANSWER -A status offense
Which of the following statements highlights the most important difference between the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the uniform crime reports
(UCR)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Compared with the UCR, the NIBRS makes it
possible to examine crimes in much more detail because it contains more data on each crime. For which of the following crimes could you find data in the UCR but not the NCVS? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Murder
Which of the following statements is true about self-report crime surveys? -
CORRECT ANSWER -They ask selected subjects whether they have committed
crimes. Which of the following is defined as the number of offenses for which at least one person has been arrested, charged with the commission of the offense, and turned over
to the court for prosecution? - CORRECT ANSWER -crime index offenses
cleared For many crime victims, ________ is the most burdensome and lasting consequence of
their victimization. - CORRECT ANSWER -fear
Which of the following is the most important problem with the M'Naghten rule? -
CORRECT ANSWER -It fails to address the situation of a defendant who knew
the difference between right and wrong but was unable to control his or her actions. According to official statistics, about ________ of all crimes committed annually are
violent crimes. - CORRECT ANSWER -10-15 percent
To date, most self-report crime surveys conducted in the United States have been
administered to ________. - CORRECT ANSWER -school children
________ is a formal means of social control that involves the use of rules that are
interpreted, and are enforceable, by the courts of a political community. - CORRECT
ANSWER -Criminal law
A crime is a violation of the ________ of a political jurisdiction. - CORRECT
ANSWER -penal code
Which of the following penal sanctions is used primarily to prevent undesired conduct
and to provide retribution? - CORRECT ANSWER -punishment
The criminal law of the United States, for the most part, is derived from the laws of -
CORRECT ANSWER -England
In common law, the decision in a particular case becomes a potential basis, or
________, for deciding the outcomes of similar cases in the future. - CORRECT
ANSWER -precedent
The principle of using precedents to guide future decisions in court cases is called
________. - CORRECT ANSWER -stare decisis
Most of the procedural, or due process, rights given to criminal suspects or defendants
in the United States are found in - CORRECT ANSWER -the Bill of Rights.
Which of the following Amendments extends the procedural safeguards of the Bill of
Rights to people charged with state crimes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Fourteenth
The ________ protects American citizens from "unreasonable searches and seizures." -
CORRECT ANSWER -Fourth Amendment
In which of the following cases was the exclusionary rule extended to state courts? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Mapp v. Ohio
What do the following three Supreme Court cases share in common: United States v.
Leon, Massachusetts v. Sheppard, and Nix v. Williams? - CORRECT ANSWER -
They provide exceptions to the exclusionary rule. You learn that the police have attached a GPS device to your vehicle without a valid warrant. According to the Supreme Court, this violates the _________ Amendment. -
CORRECT ANSWER -Fourth
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court broaden the protection against compelled self-incrimination to cover nearly all custodial police interrogations? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Miranda v. Arizona
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court extend the Sixth Amendment right to be represented by an attorney to indigent defendants facing felony charges in
state courts? - CORRECT ANSWER -Gideon v. Wainwright
The right to counsel may be waived only if the waiver is made - CORRECT
ANSWER -knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.
What is the most important factor contributing to wrongful convictions? - CORRECT
ANSWER -eyewitness misidentification
The vast majority of American law enforcement agencies are - CORRECT
ANSWER -local
The basic concepts of American law enforcement and criminal justice originated in -
CORRECT ANSWER -England
By the 1970s, research began to show that - CORRECT ANSWER -unattended
disorderly behavior is a signal to more serious criminals that they can move in and operate with impunity. According to Sir Robert Peel, the main function of the police was to prevent crime by
which method? - CORRECT ANSWER -preventive patrol
Early American citizens ________ the formation of the first police departments. -
CORRECT ANSWER -resisted
Which was the first American city to create a paid and unified municipal police force? -
CORRECT ANSWER -New York
Which of the following characteristics of today's police was taken up by municipal police
officers after the American Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWER -They began to
wear uniforms. How did people maintain order and defend against criminals on the American frontier? -
CORRECT ANSWER -They engaged in vigilantism
Which of the following is one of the principles advocated by August Vollmer to
professionalize American policing? - CORRECT ANSWER -Education is a key
ingredient in professionalizing policing.
Which of the following statements about community policing is TRUE? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Community policing called for a shift from incident-based crime fighting to
a problem-oriented approach. Who were the first federal law enforcement agents in the United States? -
CORRECT ANSWER -the U.S. Marshals
Why was the U.S. Secret Service created? - CORRECT ANSWER -to combat
counterfeiting Which of the following U.S. Presidents created the Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Richard Nixon
The federal law that began the War on Drugs in the U.S. was the __________ -
CORRECT ANSWER -Harrison Act
The majority of public law enforcement agencies are considered to be _______ -
CORRECT ANSWER -local police agencies
Breaking up a fight, holding back a crowd at a sporting event, or intervening in a domestic dispute before it gets violent are examples of the police duty of -
CORRECT ANSWER -order maintenance.
Taking people to the hospital, escorting funeral processions, delivering mail for city officials, or chasing bats out of a caller's house are examples of the police duty of -
CORRECT ANSWER -service
