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Circulatory System Certified Study Guide These 3 vessels take blood from the heart to the tissues: These 2 vessels take blood from the tissues to the heart:
This is the only vessel in intimate contact with tissues, allowing gas and nutrition exchange: The inner opening of a vessel is called its. Surrounding it are three layers of tissue. Describe them. Name Tissue Type Purpose innermost: middle: outermost: Describe the three types of arteries. Name Size Structural Where Purpose Characteristics Characteristics Found Elastic (AKA ) Muscular (AKA ) Arterioles (AKA ) Describe a capillary. How many tunics? How big is the lumen? What allows fluids and nutrition to leave the blood at the capillary bed?
Describe a capillary bed. Where does one begin / end? What is the passageway from one end to the other called? What is microcirculation? Does blood flow through a capillary all the time or are there “gates” into them? VEINS Accessory Compare a vein to a corresponding artery. Lumen Diameter Thickness of Wall Pressure Structures How much (%) of our blood does the venous system contain? What is blood flow? What is blood pressure? How does it differ from the aorta back to the vena cava? What is peripheral resistance? Explain its 3 important sources:
Explain “laminar flow”.
How do the above work to get fluids with nutrients out of the blood supply? How high is blood pressure in the venous system? Describe the two factors aiding venous return (other than the valves).
Three variables come into play in regulating blood pressure (Cardiac Output, Blood Volume, and Peripheral Resistance). Explain how the following work with these three factors to stabilize blood pressure. Short-term neurologic effects:
- Vasomotor center: Where is it found? What does it do? Explain vasomotor tone.
- Baroreceptors: Where are they found? What do they respond to? How do they influence the vasomotor center to alter blood pressure? How do they influence the vagus nerve? Explain the aortic reflex. Explain the carotid reflex.
- Chemoreceptors : Where are they found? What do they monitor? How do they regulate blood pressure? What are they primarily concerned with? Short-term hormonal effects:
- ADH (antidiuretic hormone) How does it work to maintain blood pressure?
- Atrial natriuretic peptide. Where is it found? What is it secreted in response to? How does it help return BP to normal? LONGER TERM REGULATORS renin-angiotensin system Where is it found? What does it respond to? Describe briefly the sequence of events that cause BP to return to normal. List some risk factors for high blood pressure (hypertension).
