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Exploring Electronic Circuits: Pulse Width Modulation, Oscillators, and Integrators, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Microelectronic Circuits

University of Virginia's College at Wise (UVa-Wise)Microelectronic Circuits

Various concepts in electronic circuits, including pulse width modulation (pwm), oscillators, integrators, and schmitt triggers. Learn about their functions, applications, and the role of capacitors and resistors in shaping waveforms. Discover how op-amps act as voltage followers and how they can be used to generate waveforms.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2016/2017

Uploaded on 08/31/2017

mary-hailu
mary-hailu 🇺🇸

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1. For what dose PWM stands for ?
Pulse Width Modulation
2. What is one way to use a capacitor
To create oscillators
3. What is oscillators ?
Oscillators are a type of timer based on a very regular charge/discharge cycle to
form a periodic function
4. Dose it easy to achieve a perfect sinusoids ?
No often time the waveforms are triangular or square
5. What dose RC integrator
It will take square wave in and triangular wave out
6. What frequencies get passed
Low frequencies
7. What frequencies get shorted to ground
High frequencies
8. What is the corner frequency formula
9. What is RC integrator
RC integrator is a waveform generator
10. What are the a problem for integrators
Offset voltage
11. How dose op-amp acts ?
Op-amp acts as if there is a constant small DC at its input, even if not actual
input. Because it is not perfectly zero
12. How dose the output voltage scaled in real-world integrator
It scaled with a resistor divider R3/R4
13. What other circuit can be also be looked at as a function generator ?
pf3
pf4

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Download Exploring Electronic Circuits: Pulse Width Modulation, Oscillators, and Integrators and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Microelectronic Circuits in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. For what dose PWM stands for? Pulse Width Modulation
  2. What is one way to use a capacitor To create oscillators
  3. What is oscillators? Oscillators are a type of timer based on a very regular charge/discharge cycle to form a periodic function
  4. Dose it easy to achieve a perfect sinusoids? No often time the waveforms are triangular or square
  5. What dose RC integrator It will take square wave in and triangular wave out
  6. What frequencies get passed Low frequencies
  7. What frequencies get shorted to ground High frequencies
  8. What is the corner frequency formula
  9. What is RC integrator RC integrator is a waveform generator
  10. What are the a problem for integrators Offset voltage
  11. How dose op-amp acts? Op-amp acts as if there is a constant small DC at its input, even if not actual input. Because it is not perfectly zero
  12. How dose the output voltage scaled in real-world integrator It scaled with a resistor divider R3/R
  13. What other circuit can be also be looked at as a function generator?

Schmitt trigger

  1. How dose Schmitt trigger works? For a varying input signal, we can get a square wave output
  2. How can we get a waveforms automatically?

If we take an integrator and feed it into a Schmitt trigger and send Schmitt output into the integration input

  1. How dose capacitor charging or discharging An energy source charges the capacitor, then the capacitor can discharge that energy into a resistor or inductor
  2. What dose RC time constant How fast dose the capacitor charge and discharge depended or RC time constant
  3. What is Ohams * Faras gives Seconds
  4. The bigger R or the bigger C The longer it takes to charge / discharge
  5. The small resistance Rapid charge and discharge
  6. The larger resistance Slow charge and discharge
  7. The percent charge or discharge is fixed by the RC time True
  8. What function is the increasing and decreasing? why Exponential function , b/c we don’t wait for full charge or discharge
  9. The larger the R? The better it looks
  10. The initial slope of the charge/discharge curves due to increased what RC product
  1. (^) Op-amp has to both supply

Vout and charge the cap

  1. since op – amp has limited current – supplying capability the trigger voltage threshold will be much lower for the charge cycle than for the discharge cycle
  2. A larger R value helps to limit what? and what is called this effect The amount of current needed , and called compliance
  3. How dose oscillation start up? In reality, there is always a voltage discrepancy between the input pins of the op- amp that “kick starts” the process.
  4. When V+ is larger than V- The op-amp will amplify the difference with a gained up non – inverted signal gain until it hits the positive supply rail.
  5. When V- is larger than V+ The op-amp will amplify the difference with a gained up inverted signal gain until it hits the negative supply rail.
  6. (^) The capacitor voltage depends on? Of course on the supply(saturation), and the time constant
  7. What is the typical period value equal to the time constant? R1 = 3.08R