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I Biological and non-biological substances both need oxygen for their existence. II The human body consists only of biological substances. - ✔✔I is correct and II is incorrect Characteristics of life include: - ✔✔growth and metabolism Examples of synthetic substances are: - ✔✔plastics and silicones Examples of organic biological substances are: - ✔✔carbohydrates and fats Examples of mineral substances are: - ✔✔paraffins and petroleum Matter is everything that: - ✔✔occupies space and has weight The three forms of matter are solids, liquids and: - ✔✔gases What property does all matter have? - ✔✔All matter has weight Condensation is the change of matter from: - ✔✔a gas to a liquid Vapourisation is the change of matter from: - ✔✔liquid to a gas Melting is the change of matter from: - ✔✔a solid to a liquid Sublimation is the change of matter from: - ✔✔a solid to a gas
Condensation is: - ✔✔the change of a vapour to a liquid The alteration of the properties of matter without the formation of any new substance is called a/an: - ✔✔physical change The immediate change of a solid into a vapour is called: - ✔✔sublimation An example of a single-celled cellular organism is: - ✔✔a bacterium I. A micro-organism is the smallest part of the human body. II All micro-organisms need nutrients for their existence. - ✔✔I is incorrect and II is correct Examples of bacteria are: - ✔✔bacilli and cocci I. Every living organism needs some non-biological substances for it's existence. II. All non-biological substances are found as minerals in the earth. - ✔✔I is correct and II is incorrect Science deals mainly with: - ✔✔physics and chemistry The study of the structure of the body is called: - ✔✔anatomy The study of the functions of living organisms is: - ✔✔physiology I Anatomy is a very important science in the field of biology. II Anatomy is the science which deals with the functions of the human body. - ✔✔I is correct and II is incorrect I Physiology is a very important science in the field of biology. II Physiology is the science which deals with the functions of the body. - ✔✔I and II are both correct
An example of an alkaline substance is: - ✔✔soap If a metal-oxide is dissolved in water it forms: - ✔✔an alkali The pH scale is used to measure the degree of acidity or: - ✔✔alkalinity pH can be decreased by: - ✔✔increasing hydrogen-ions The letter p in pH means: - ✔✔potential pH is: - ✔✔the number of free H-ions in solution If the pH of a solution is between 5 and 7, the solution is a: - ✔✔weak acid If the pH of a solution is between 1 and 3 the solution is a: - ✔✔strong acid If the pH of a solution is between 7 and 9 the solution is a: - ✔✔weak alkali If the pH of a solution is between 12 and 14 the solution is: - ✔✔strong alkali The pH of distilled water is: - ✔✔ 7 Lemon juice, with a pH reading of about 2, is considered to be: - ✔✔acid Pure water, with a pH of 7, is considered to be: - ✔✔neutral Substances having a pH value above 9.5 are considered to be: - ✔✔alkaline
The pH of the skin's acid mantle is: - ✔✔5. A characteristic of a weak acid is that it: - ✔✔supports the natural pH of the skin A characteristic of a weak alkali is that it: - ✔✔softens the stratum corneum of the skin The effect of a strong acid is: - ✔✔corrosive and therefore of no use in beauty therapy A characteristic of organic acids is that: - ✔✔they contain the element carbon (C) Organic acids are found in: - ✔✔sebum and plants An organic acid contains the chemical-group: - ✔✔COOH An anode is: - ✔✔A positively charged electrode A cathode is: - ✔✔A negatively charged electrode Examples of electrodes which are used in beauty therapy are: - ✔✔the needles used for galvanic electrolysis In physics, radiation means: - ✔✔the electro-magnectic waves in space system The unit of frequency is: - ✔✔Hertz In physics, frequency means: - ✔✔the number of times per second an electro-magnetic-wave can change direction
What is the safest radiation that can be used to increase pigmentation? - ✔✔UV-A Which rays are mostly used in ray-treatments to increase pigmentation? - ✔✔UV-A and UV-B Ultra-violet radiation is absorbed: - ✔✔mainly in the epidermis The radiation mainly responsible for tanning the skin is: - ✔✔UV-A Skin cancer is most likely caused by: - ✔✔Ultra-violet An electric current is: - ✔✔A flow of electrons Which electric currents can be used in electrotherapy? - ✔✔High frequency currents of high voltage Which electric currents can be used in electrotherapy? - ✔✔High frequency and middle frequency currents both of low voltage Which electric currents can be used in electrotherapy? - ✔✔Faradic and galvanic currents both of low voltage Examples of solid conductors are: - ✔✔metals Examples of liquid conductors are: - ✔✔fluids in which ions are present Examples of liquid conductors are: - ✔✔body fluids and alkali solutions Which gas can conduct electric current? - ✔✔neon
Examples of insulators are: - ✔✔plastics An example of an insulator is: - ✔✔rubber The strength of an electric current is measured by it's: - ✔✔amperage The pressure of an electric current is measured by it's: - ✔✔voltage The power of an electrical appliance is measured by it's: - ✔✔wattage In an electrical circuit if the voltage is doubled and the resistance halved, the intensity of the current is: - ✔✔is increased four times The unit of current strength is: - ✔✔ampere The unit of current pressure is: - ✔✔volt The unit of electrical resistance is: - ✔✔ohm The unit of electrical power is: - ✔✔watt A current with a constant strength used in beauty therapy is called: - ✔✔galvanic A so-called "faradic type current" is: - ✔✔An interrupted galvanic current The current that is used to tone muscles is called: - ✔✔faradic
The electrical device that changes alternating current into direct current is a: - ✔✔rectifier The function of a rectifier is to change: - ✔✔an alternating current into a galvanic current When do the electrodes in electrotherapy have be moistened or to be applied on a moistened skin? - ✔✔in iontophoresis and not short wave diathermy What can occur if galvanic electrode is not applied to the skin with a regular pressure all over the surface of the electrode: - ✔✔on the spot of the highest pressure skin burning can occur The electrical device that changes voltage is called a: - ✔✔transformer The function of a transformer is to change: - ✔✔the voltage of an alternating current to a different voltage A fuse is an electrical device that: - ✔✔protects apparatus or circuits from overloading A fuse in an electrical apparatus: - ✔✔is the weakest part of the electrical circuit The safety practises that should be observed in a beauty salon when using electrical appliances: - ✔✔are the responsibility of the employer of the salon The smallest structural unit in the hunan body is called the: - ✔✔cell The study of the structure of the body is called: - ✔✔anatomy The study of the functions of the human body is: - ✔✔physiology The outer wall of a cell is called the: - ✔✔cell membrane
Deoxyribonucleic acid or D.NA: - ✔✔carries genetic information Which of the following is the genetic material of the cell? - ✔✔DNA The main part of the cell which contains protoplasm is the: - ✔✔cytoplasm The nucleus of a cell is directly surrounded by: - ✔✔the nuclear membrane The part of the cell in contact with it's environment is the: - ✔✔cell membrane The part of a cell that controls the activities of the cell is the: - ✔✔nucleus The nucleus of a cell contains: - ✔✔DNA The nucleus of a cell contains: - ✔✔nucleoli Meiosis is a process concerned with: - ✔✔body division of a sex cell The process of cell division where the mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called: - ✔✔mitosis The phase of mitosis during which centrioles reach the ends of the cell is: - ✔✔metaphase The last stage of mitosis is known as: - ✔✔telophase The phase of mitosis in which the chromatin of the nucleus forms chromosomes is: - ✔✔prophase
Impulses can be transmitted throughout the body by: - ✔✔nervous tissue Tissue found lining the surfaces of organ is: - ✔✔epithelial Flat, scale-like epithelial cells are anatomically referred to as: - ✔✔squamous Which one of the following is NOT formed from connective tissue? - ✔✔the epidermis The characteristic tissue of skin glands is: - ✔✔epithelial tissue Which one of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue? - ✔✔contraction Simple squamous epithelium is found: - ✔✔in the alveoli of lungs Simple cuboidal epithelium is found: - ✔✔in kidney tubules Which of the following organs is lined with stratified epithelium? - ✔✔mouth A gland which produces it's secretion as the entire cell disintegrates is known as: - ✔✔The holocrine gland Tissue found supporting organs is called: - ✔✔connective An example of connective tissue is: - ✔✔cartilage Blood is a specialised kind of: - ✔✔connective tissue Which one of the following is NOT composed of dense connective tissue? - ✔✔adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue specialising in fat storage is: - ✔✔adipose tissue Tendons are made of: - ✔✔collagen What type of connective tissue is found in the wall of an artery? - ✔✔elastin The connective tissue which contains many collagenous fibres embedded within a firm matrix is: - ✔✔cartilage Connective tissue serving as a shock absorber in joints is: - ✔✔cartilage Cartilage that has a bluish matrix and few fibres is: - ✔✔hyaline cartilage All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms is known as: - ✔✔metabolism The metabolic process in which energy is liberated by the destruction of complex substances is known as: - ✔✔catabolism The metabolic process in which simple substances converted into more complex compounds is known as: - ✔✔anabolism During a period of cell growth: - ✔✔more anabolism than catabolism takes place Metabolism mainly takes place in: - ✔✔the cytoplasm The heat-producing power of foods is measured in units of energy called: - ✔✔joules A joule is: - ✔✔A unit of energy
The ribs are movably connected to: - ✔✔the thoracic vertebrae The number of pairs of ribs in the body is: - ✔✔ 12 The shoulder blade is known as the: - ✔✔scapula The names of the two bones articulating in the ball and socket joint of the upper arm are the: - ✔✔humerus and scapula The correct name for the collar bone is the: - ✔✔clavicle Which one of the following bones would be classified as a short bone? - ✔✔carpal The hand consists of A. ___ carpals and B. ___ metacarpals: - ✔✔A: 8 B: 5 Which one of the following is the 'odd bone out'? - ✔✔patella The type of joint found at the knee is the: - ✔✔hinge Which one of the following does NOT have any moveable joints? - ✔✔cranium An example of a fixed joint is: - ✔✔the bones of the skull In the hip joint, the synovial membrane lines the: - ✔✔ligament of the head of the femur "Front" and "back" are equivalent to: - ✔✔anterior and posterior "Up" and "down" are equivalent to: - ✔✔superior and inferior
A sagittal plane divides the body into: - ✔✔left and right parts A transverse plane divides the body into: - ✔✔superior and inferior parts The main function of muscle tissue is to provide: - ✔✔movement Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? - ✔✔The only action a muscle can perform is contraction Which one of the following type of muscle is considered to be under voluntary nervous control? - ✔✔skeletal Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal or voluntary muscle? - ✔✔action is slower than that controlled by smooth muscle Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of involuntary muscle? - ✔✔under the control of the will Muscles allow movement to take place by: - ✔✔contraction and relaxation The contractive part of a muscle is the: - ✔✔belly Flexion of the hip joint is carried out by the: - ✔✔rectus femoris The muscle which flexes the thigh and leg is the: - ✔✔sartorius The zygomatic arch gives origin to the: - ✔✔masseter
The cells responsible for the defence of the body are: - ✔✔white blood cells The blood cells which do not have a nucleus are: - ✔✔erythrocytes Blood cells are formed in the: - ✔✔bones The destruction of red blood cells takes place in the: - ✔✔liver After birth, red blood cells are made in the: - ✔✔bone marrow Which one of the following minerals is used to produce haemoglobin? - ✔✔iron The function of white blood cells is to: - ✔✔destroy bacteria The name of the substances which stimulate the production of anti-bodies in the blood is called: - ✔✔antigens The component of blood responsible for the manufacture of antibodies is: - ✔✔lymphocytes The substances produced in the body which destroy or neutralise foreign substances are called: - ✔✔antibodies Defence against antigens does NOT take place by: - ✔✔erythrocytes The component of blood mostly concerned with the control of infection is: - ✔✔white blood cells The component of blood which plays an important role in clotting is: - ✔✔platelets The primary function of thrombocytes is to: - ✔✔play a role in blood clotting
Which vitamin causes an increase in clotting time of blood when it is deficient? - ✔✔K When blood clots, the soluble substance which becomes insoluble is called: - ✔✔fibrinogen The following processes occur after blood has come into contact with damaged tissue: 1. thrombokinase produced by platelets 2. thrombin combines with fibrinogen 3. production of a fibrin net 4. calcium and prothrombin combined. The correct order in which they appear is: - ✔✔ 1423 Calcium in the blood is necessary for: - ✔✔blood coagulation Deoxygenated blood enters the heart by the: - ✔✔right atrium The name of the cavity in which the heart lies is called: - ✔✔pericardial cavity When the ventricles of the heart contract the: - ✔✔aortic and pulmonary valves open Blood is prevented from returning to the ventricles after they have completed their contractions by the: - ✔✔semilunar valves Which one of the following chambers of the heart pumps blood to the lungs? - ✔✔right ventricle The average rate of heart beat of a healthy adult in rest in number of beats per minute is: - ✔✔ 70 The right ventricle and the left atrium are connected by the: - ✔✔the pulmonary circulation The blood vessel that collects blood from the digestive organs is the: - ✔✔hepatic portal vein
