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CIBTAC AND CIDESCO EXAMS 510
Verified Questions and Answers 202 4
Local Infection - ☑️☑️ An infection that is confined to one area e.g. pimple or boil General Infection - ☑️☑️ An infection that has spread to all parts of the body e.g. blood poisoning Cross Infection - ☑️☑️ The transfer of infection from one individual to another by direct contact or shared utensils (indirect) Immunity - ☑️☑️ Protection against certain types of invading bacteria or toxic substances once they have entered the body. It involves the ability to recognise, memorise and respond. It can be inborn or acquired. Natural Immunity - ☑️☑️ Natural exposure to disease forming organisms that the body fights off and produces antibodies to prevent reinfection.
Artificial Immunity - ☑️☑️ Deliberate exposure through vaccination. Antibodies are formed and immunity is built up. Toxin - ☑️☑️ Poison consisting of complex chemical substances that enter the blood stream or skin tissue. Pus - ☑️☑️ Yellowish fluid that oozes from a wound. It contains blood and body cells and dead/living bacteria. Aerobic Bacteria - ☑️☑️ Needs oxygen to survive. Anaerobic Bacteria - ☑️☑️ Does not need oxygen to survive. Filterable Viruses - ☑️☑️ So small, they can pass through pores of porcelain filters. Hygiene - ☑️☑️ Principles of maintaining health. Sterilisation - ☑️☑️ Process of making an object germ free.
Disinfect - ☑️☑️ Destroy bacteria on any object. Fumigant - ☑️☑️ Vapour used to keep sterile objects sanitary, in a container or drawer. Bactericide/germicide - ☑️☑️ Chemical agent having the power to destroy bacteria/germs. Contagious - ☑️☑️ When a disease is transmitted by direct or indirect contact. Wet Sanitiser - ☑️☑️ Where objects are completely immersed in a disinfectant. Before use objects must be washed thoroughly with hot water and detergent then rinsed. Once removed from a sanitiser they must be rinsed and placed in dry cabinet sanitiser. Dry Sanitiser - ☑️☑️ Airtight cabinets containing fumigant or UV radiation, objects must be clean before use. Antiseptic Ingredients - ☑️☑️ Alcohol Boric Acid
Iodine Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectant Ingredients - ☑️☑️ QUATS (Quaternary ammonium compounds). Formalin. Formaldehyde. Alcohol. Sodium Hypo-Chlorite. Properties Of A Good Disinfectant - ☑️☑️ Convenient to prepare. Quick acting. Practically odourless. Non corrosive. Economical. Non irritating to the skin. Precautions For Using Antiseptics And Disinfectants - ☑️☑️ Wear rubber gloves. Keep containers properly labelled. Do not breathe in fumes. Keep containers sealed and in a safe place. Avoid spillages.
First Level of Sanitation - ☑️☑️ Equipment that does not pierce the skin:
- wash in warm soapy water
- rinse
- dry
- wipe with metho
- place in sanitising cabinet until use Second Level of Sanitation - ☑️☑️ Equipment in contact with mucous membranes and pierce the skin:
- rinse in COLD (prevents coagulation) soapy water
- wash in warm soapy water
- rinse
- dry
- immerse in disinfectant for 10 minutes
- rinse, dry and place in sanitising cabinet until use Third Level of Sanitation - ☑️☑️ Heat (moist or dry) and Radiation. Bacteria - ☑️☑️ One celled living organisms, reproduce through amitosis. Not visible to the naked eye. -Pathogenic (disease forming) -Non-pathogenic (good bacteria)
Ideal temperature is 37 degrees in warm, dark and moist environments. Active Bacteria - ☑️☑️ Full growth in 20-30 minutes Inactive Bacteria - ☑️☑️ Unable to grow and reproduce when exposed to too much light, heat, lack of food or moisture. Spores - ☑️☑️ Hard shell like covering that bacteria forms while environment is unfavourable and allows bacteria to survive during that period. Bacteria cannot cause disease while in spore. Once conditions become favourable, the spores drop. Cocci - ☑️☑️ Round berry shaped bacteria, are not able to move in liquid. Can occur singularly or in groups. 3 main types: streptococci, staphlococci and diplococci.
Viruses - ☑️☑️ Parasite consisting of DNA coil surrounded by a protein sheath. They are so small they can pass through a porcelain filter. All are pathogenic and do not respond to antibiotics How do Viruses Reproduce - ☑️☑️ Virus attaches itself to host cell. Virus injects DNA into cell. The cells metabolism reproduces according to DNA. The virus then destroys host cell by releasing 100-200 new viruses. How Bacteria enters the Body - ☑️☑️ Mouth: air, drinking, eating. Nose: air, water. Eyes: dirt. Ears: dirt, water. Breaks or cuts in skin. Infected blood passing into bloodstream. Exchange of bodily fluids. Bodys Defence - ☑️☑️ Tears from eyes. White blood cells.
Saliva from mouth. Acid from stomach. Antitoxins. Bleeding. Mucous hairs in nose. Rising of body temperature. How Bacteria is Transmitted - ☑️☑️ Unclean hands. Unclean instruments. Sores and pus. Mouth and nose discharge. Shared use of items. Endogenous infection - ☑️☑️ Reactivation of organisms present in a dormant state e.g. tuberculosis. Exogenous infection - ☑️☑️ Caused by organisms not normally present in the body but have gained entry by the environment. Fungi - ☑️☑️ Plant like organisms moulds (multicellular) and yeasts (unicellular) that produce spores secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from their host which damages tissues of the body.
Personal hygiene - ☑️☑️ Shower daily. Use good deoderant. Use mild perfume. Have clean hair tied back. Have short, clean, manicured nails. Light, fresh makeup. No jewellery. Clean uniform. Cover cuts. Salon Hygiene - ☑️☑️ Use disposables. Keep surfaces clean. Clean equipment. Disinfect telephone. Sweep/vacuum/mop daily. Use clean towel and wrap for each client. Cover rubbish bins. Decant products. Chemical Composition of the Nail - ☑️☑️ 51.09% Carbon 6.82% Hydrogen
22.39% Oxygen 16.9% Nitrogen 2.8% Sulphur Technical Term for Nail - ☑️☑️ Onyx. Nail Plate - ☑️☑️ Hard keratin substance which rests on nail bed and extends from the nail root to free edge. Nail Root - ☑️☑️ Base of nail underneath the skin originating from the matrix. Free Edge - ☑️☑️ Part of the nail plate which extends over the finger/toe tip and is grey/white in colour. Nail Bed - ☑️☑️ Soft tissue lies beneath the nail plate providing support, it is supplied by blood vessels and nerves. Nail Matrix - ☑️☑️ Extends beneath the nail root, it is the living area where mitosis occurs, most sensitive part of the nail, contains blood, lymph and nerve vessels. Lunula - ☑️☑️ Half moon shape at base of the nail, pale in colour due to lessened blood supply.
Childs nails grow faster than adults. Toenails grow slower but are thicker and harder. Nail Colour - ☑️☑️ Semi transparent showing colour of dermis underneath. Scientific Study of Nail - ☑️☑️ Onychology. Technical Term for all Nail Diseases - ☑️☑️ Onychosis. Bacteria Nail Diseases - ☑️☑️ Paronychia: feeds on moisture and oils, highly contagious and attacks nail bed and wall.
- nail bed recedes and is eaten away, excessive swelling, nails are discoloured. Onychia: extension of paronychia where bacteria grows under the nail. Paronychia causes and treatments - ☑️☑️ Cutting cuticles, Improper hygiene, Having hands in water often, Nail biting, False nails
Nail to be cut back and allowed to dry, Do not cover nail, Cover nail when in water Fungal Infections of the Nail - ☑️☑️ Tinea Pedis: ringworm of the foot (skin become white and sodden). Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis): ringworm of the nail, can have yellow streaks, can become spongy and discoloured. Viral Infections of the Nail - ☑️☑️ verucca: epidermal lesion. Non-contagious Nail Diseases - ☑️☑️ Psoriasis: may cause pitting and build up of silvery scales under free edge. Nail Disorders - ☑️☑️ Hangnail: torn skin at side or base of nail. Onycholysis: loosening or separation of nail plate from bed. Onychauxis: hypertrophy of nails, thickening. Onychatrophia: thin and fragile.
Growth Cell Membrane - ☑️☑️ Semi permeable membrane holding the cell together (consists of protein threads and lipids). Protoplasm - ☑️☑️ All cells are made of this: colourless jelly-like substance made of inorganic and organic compounds (water, proteins and salts). Nucleoplasm - ☑️☑️ Dense protoplasm. Cytoplasm - ☑️☑️ Protoplasm liquid inside the cell (take away proteins and salts). Nucleus - ☑️☑️ Controls overall activity of the cell. Nucleolus - ☑️☑️ Spherical body within nucleus that forms ribosomes. Centrosome - ☑️☑️ Spherical body near to nucleus surrounded by thread like structures with 2 minute bodies called centrioles. Plays a major part in cell division.
Chromatin Threads/Chromosomes - ☑️☑️ Located in the nucleus, thread like structures made of proteins and hereditary material called DNA. Vacuole - ☑️☑️ Clear fluid filled space within cell. Pinocytic Vesicle - ☑️☑️ Engulfs droplets of fluid (pinocytosis) and draws them into the cell. Ribosomes - ☑️☑️ Manufacture proteins such as enzymes. Mitochondria - ☑️☑️ Powerhouse of cell. Breaks down glucose to form energy. Lysosomes - ☑️☑️ Contain enzymes to digest food and destroy microbes. Golgi Apparatus - ☑️☑️ Manufactures mucus and collagen. Endoplasmic Reticulum - ☑️☑️ Carries proteins and other materials from one area to another. Rough and smooth.
