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Chlamydiae - Identification
- Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane w/ LPS but lacks peptidoglycan-obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens dependant on host cells for ATP - infect squamocolumnar cells - propagated in tissue culture TERM 2
Biphasic Life Cycle Chlamydia Inclusion
Bodies
DEFINITION 2 Elementary Body (EB) - metabolically inactive- infective Reticulate Body (RB) -metabolically active-non- infective TERM 3
Species of Chlamydiae
DEFINITION 3 Chlamydophila psittaci psittacosis parrot fever Chlamydophila pneumoniae respiratory infections Chlamydia trachomatis trachoma/conjunctivitis urogenital infections TERM 4
Chlamydiophila
psittaci
DEFINITION 4 primarily a pathogen of lower animalsinfects many species of birdswidespread in pet bird populations in the USAmany asymptomatic carriers TERM 5
Transmission of Chlamydophila
psittaci
DEFINITION 5 close contact with infected birds bacteria shed in feces and respiratory secretions acquired by inhaling aerosols usually mild infection resulting in non-specific flu-like symptoms secondary severe bacterial pneumonia may occur How can you keep from getting it? avoid keeping birds as petclean the cage frequently so that bird droppings do not dry up and become airborne when disturbed
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
respiratory infection ~ 300,000 cases/year USA ~ 10% of community-acquired pneumonia ~ 5% of pharyngitis, bronchitis, & sinusitis - ubiquitous infection / reinfection common ~ 50-80% seropositivity TERM 7
Urogenital Chlamydia Infection The Silent
Epidemic
DEFINITION 7 Asymptomatic infection ~50-70% of women ~20-50% of men#1 in reported cases for notifiable diseases in USA estimate is ~3,000,000 new infections/year50% of women seropositive by age 30 TERM 8
Chlamydia trachomatis
DEFINITION 8 15 immunotypes- trachoma / conjunctivitis A, B & C- pneumonia D - K- urogenital infection(s) D - K- lymphogranuloma venerum L1,L2, L TERM 9
Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis
DEFINITION 9
- sex- during birth - finger-to-eye- fomite-to-eye TERM 10
Symptoms Urogenital Infection
DEFINITION 10 1-3 weeks post-exposure- increased vaginal or uretheral discharge - painful/burning urination- unusual vaginal bleeding- bleeding after sex- lower abdominal pain
Treatment of Chlamydia
infection
azithromycin (single dose, but $$$)doxycycline ( days, but cheap) during pregnancy tetracycline(s) contraindicated trace & treat sex partners co-treat for gonorrhea (ceftriaxone)drug resistance not a problem w/ C. trachomatis TERM 17
Prevention of Chlamydia
infection
DEFINITION 17 CDC recommends annual screening exam - all sexually-active females < 20 years old - all females > 20 years-old w/ risk factors - all females with cervical infection(s) - all pregnant women - males ? Government-sponsored pilot screening programs ~15-65% decrease in infection rates - $1. spent on screening saves $12. in treatmentFuture - complete genome sequenced (~1998) - vaccine ? - topical microbicides TERM 18
Gonorrhea The Clap
DEFINITION 18 incidence higher in females than malesINCIDENCE HIGHEST DURING YOUTH~15-24 years oldHighest in Blacks TERM 19
Neisseria gonorrhoeae -
Identification
DEFINITION 19 Gram-negative diplococcus (kidney bean shape) capnophilicoxidase-positive ferments glucoseexclusively infects humans TERM 20
Transmission of Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
DEFINITION 20 SexPeripartum (during birth) direct contact (finger to eye) Risk Factors for Gonorrhea youth new sex partner
one sex partner sex w/ someone who has > one sex partner non-use of barrier contraceptives
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infects mucosal
epithelium
urethra / urethritiscervix / cervicitispharynx / pharyngitisrectum / proctitiseye / ophthalmia neonatorum TERM 22
Clinical Presentation of Genital Infection
DEFINITION 22 ~ 10-30% of males asymptomatic~ 50 - 75% of females asymptomatic symptoms ~3-5 days after exposure TERM 23
Clinical Presentation of Genital Infection -
Males
DEFINITION 23 males purulent dischargepain upon urinationincreased frequency of urination TERM 24
Clinical Presentation of Genital Infection -
Females
DEFINITION 24 females purulent vaginal dischargeintramenstrual bleedingpain upon urinationincreased frequency of urination TERM 25
Neisseria gonorrhoeae -
Complications
DEFINITION 25
- ascending reproductive tract infections (~10-15%) Males - prostrate, vas deferens, epididymis, & testes - painful inflammation, scar tissue, & sterility Females - rectum & fallopian tubes - painful inflammation, scar tissue, PID, sterility, & ectopic pregnancy - hematogenous spread (~1%) - rash & pustules - septic arthritis (#1 cause in young adults) - endocarditis, and/or meningitis
