Childhood and Adolescent Obesity - Pediatric - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pediatrics

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Childhood and

Adolescent Obesity

WHY WORRY ABOUT PEDIATRIC

OBESITY?

• Pediatric obesity is of epidemic proportion.
• Pediatric obesity is the most common chronic disease of childhood.
• The epidemic is worldwide

• Anthony
• 15 yr old
• Referred by his new PMC

• Anthropometrics
  • Weight: 121 kg
  • Height: 175 cm

How Do We Define Overweight

in Children and Adolescents?

Definition of Overweight in Children

and Adolescents

• Overweight =

BMI  95th %ile

• At risk for overweight =

BMI between 85th-95th %ile

Expert Committee Recommendations from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 1997

Classification of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Using BMI

Obesity Class BMI Underweight <18. Normal 18.5-24. Overweight 25-29. Obesity I 30-34. II 35-39. III Extreme (^)  40

University of Miami Blocking Machine

BMI is Age Specific in Children

and Adolescents

17

21

24

 95 th%ile for age and gender These #s double when including

85%ile

PERCENT OF OBESE CHILDREN WHO

BECOME OBESE ADULTS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Preschool School-age Adolescent

Heritability

• Survival advantage to conserve energy as fat through human evolution
• Humans enriched for genes that promote energy intake and storage and minimize expenditure.
• Enhance female fertility and ability to breastfeed offspring

• In modern industrial environment
  • easy access to calorically dense foods
  • encourages sedentary lifestyle
• Metabolic consequences of these genes are maladaptive