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CHILD PSYCHOLOGY TEST 2 WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|UPDATED 2025|GUARANTEED PASS
Emotions All of these Which of the following examples presents a good example of a parent helping a child learn to modulate their emotions and reduce their stress level? Joann who soothes her daughter when she cries and shows distress. Emotional competence focuses on the ______________ behavior of the emotional experience. adaptive Which statement is true about emotional developmental changes in early childhood? Children during this stage of development learn to talk about emotion and understand it better.
________________________ is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of emotionally responding. Temperament Which of Erikson's psychosocial crises is associated with attachment formation? trust versus mistrust ________________________ is evidenced when infants use the caregiver, usually the mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment. Secure attachment _________________ babies, according to Ainsworth, cling to their caregiver, and then resist her by fighting against the closeness. Insecure resistant
Perspective-taking in older children is thought to be important for the development of pro-social behavior. In one study both boys and girls had high self-esteem in childhood. Which of the following statements is correct? Self-esteem declined in adolescence. Which of the following is not one of the four ways that children's self- esteem can be improved? coping with problems Vicki is a senior who has been drifting through high school. Her grades are mediocre and she has no plans for after graduation. In addition, she has no interest in world events or political issues. James Marcia would describe Vicki as being in identity diffusion.
Lena's father tells her, "Your grandmother was a minister, your mother was a minister, and you should be a minister." Without giving thought to her options, Lena agrees to be a minister. Concerning her career, Lena is in identity foreclosure. Frances told her parents that she was going to take time off from college and take some time to find herself. What identity status is she in? moratorium Optimal identity development occurs in a family atmosphere that promotes individuality and connectedness. Second-generation immigrants are more likely to think of themselves as "American" because citizenship is granted at birth.
A mental organizational plan that categorizes behaviors on the basis of "male" or "female" is called a(n) _________ schema. gender Gender stereotypes refer to: general beliefs about how men and women are different. Which of the following statements is true regarding the beliefs of stereotyped behaviors held by elementary school children? Elementary school children hold many of the same stereotypes as adults. As a day-care worker, Jessica has ample opportunity to see young children interacting. Chances are that even in the 2-year-olds she supervises, she would have observed a consistent sex difference involving male aggression.
Which of the following statements is true regarding an androgynous gender role orientation? Androgynous children are often better adjusted psychologically than masculine or feminine children. Which best describes the reasoning of a child in the heteronomous morality stage? "Right is right and wrong is wrong." We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Who used moral dilemmas to study moral development? Lawrence Kohlberg A child who says he should not lie to his parents because he would get punished if he got caught demonstrates the _________ level of morality. preconventional Jefferson, who believes in privacy and personal freedom, becomes aware that a children's book has been banned because it portrays an
What is an example of induction? "If you keep waving that stick around, you may poke someone's eye out." Juvenile ____________________________ refers to a broad range of behaviors, from socially unacceptable behavior to status offenses. delinquency Who of the following would be "at risk" for juvenile delinquency? Joe, whose antisocial behavior started when he was 10 years of age ___________________ is often referred to the setting in which the individual lives, such as a family, the world of peers, schools, and work. Microsystem Which of the following represents the settings that the child and his family live in, such as religion and type of government. Macrosystem
Which of the following represents the settings indirectly related to the child, such as parent's work place and the media. Exosystem When a parent-child interaction is said to be based on reciprocal socialization, it means that the parent's behavior influences the child and the child's behavior influences the parent. Which best describes the nature of parental control during middle and late childhood? coregulation What parenting style is associated with child aggression? authoritarian
Theorists and researchers argue that parent-child relationships serve as emotional bases for enjoying peer relations. Children who have ______________________________ can modulate their emotional expressiveness in contexts that evoke intense emotions, as when a peer says something negative. effective self-regulatory skills We have an expert-written solution to this problem! When you are informed that 8-year-old Gerald was named "most popular" by his classmates, you would least expect him to be identified as conceited. Who is likely to be bullied? both B and C
Which statement is a suggestion on how to reduce bullying? Teachers can get older peers to serve as monitors. Erik Erikson viewed the purpose of play as providing a means to master anxieties and conflict. When 5-year-old Austin takes the cardboard cylinder found in the center of a roll of toilet paper, looks through it, and says, "I'm a sailor searching for a whale," he is engaging in _________ play. symbolic Children's friendships serve the function of providing resources and assistance, which Gottman and Parker (1987) call physical support. _________________________ is defined narrowly as self-disclosure or sharing of private thoughts and private or personal knowledge with a friend.
there was a positive influence of quality early childhood programs on both the cognitive and social worlds of disadvantaged young children. As an elementary school sixth-grader, Nathan had a great deal of status. In addition to being president of the student council, he was one of the most physically large and athletically gifted students in the school. As a seventh-grader in a new middle school, Nathan now finds himself one of the youngest and least powerful individuals in the school. Nathan is experiencing the top-dog phenomenon. The "I Have a Dream" program has been successful as a ____________ program. dropout prevention Twelve-year-old Peter is excellent in math and is considered a good student in most other subject areas. Peter, however, has a very difficult time comprehending written text and is failing his reading class. Peter is best classified as learning disabled.
_____________________________ is a term used to describe the education of children with a disability in the regular classroom. Inclusion When ethnicity and socioeconomic status are investigated, ________________________ predict(s) achievement better than ethnicity does. socioeconomic status In the past decade, the poor performance of American children in __________ has become well publicized. math and science Low academic achievement by American children has prompted many Americans to look for answers in Asia.
In America and most Western cultures, what social-class differences in child rearing exist? Working-class parents place a high value on conformity to society, whereas middle-class parents place a high value on internal characteristics. We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Which of the following does not fit in with children growing up in poverty? nonviolent settings Of the following, the person most likely to experience the double disadvantage is the one who is poor and experiencing racial discrimination. How is perspective taking related to ethnicity? Individuals capable of taking the perspective of a person from a different ethnic group are more likely to be able to demonstrate empathy for that group.
Which concept does not belong? assimilation In a research study where one group of children watched violent cartoons on television while another group did not, their interactions on the playground were observed. What would you expect from the children who watched more violence? The children who watched the violent cartoons did show aggressive behaviors.
