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CHES Exam Study Guide: Test Questions with Solutions, Exams of Health sciences

This study guide provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts and definitions related to health education program planning. It includes a series of test questions with solutions, covering topics such as the health belief model, program planning principles, community organization, and prevention strategies. The guide is designed to help students prepare for the ches exam and gain a deeper understanding of health education practices.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/08/2025

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CHES EXAM STUDY GUIDE TEST QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS A+ GRADED
Health Belief Model-CORRECT ANSWER- Model which people assess the threat
of an emerging dis- ease by assessing their perceived susceptibility against the
severity of the disease.
1. Programs-CORRECT ANSWER- a set of planned activities over time
designed to achieve specific objectives
2. Program Planning-CORRECT ANSWER- process of identifying needs,
establishing priorities, diag- nosing causes of problems, assessing and allocating
resources and determining barriers to achieving objectives
3. Vision Statement-CORRECT ANSWER- one-sentence or one-phrase
statement that describes the long term desired change stemming from the efforts
of an organization or program
4. Program Mission Statement-CORRECT ANSWER- statement of the general
focus or purpose of the program. Can be one-sentence statement or short narrative
that broadly defines the program's purpose. Mission statements identify the scope
or focus of the organiza- tion or program and are enduring over time
5. Goals-CORRECT ANSWER- general, long-term statements or desired program
outcomes and provide the direction upon which all objectives are based
6. Objectives-CORRECT ANSWER- statements that describe, in measureable
terms, the changes in behavior, attitude, knowledge, skills, or health status that will
occur in the intervention group as a result of the program. They are small, specific
steps that enable the goal to be met
7. Community-based organization (CBO)-CORRECT ANSWER- public or
private, nonprofit organization of demonstrated effectiveness that is representative
of a community or significant segments of a community and provides educational
or related services to individuals in the community
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CHES EXAM STUDY GUIDE TEST QUESTIONS

WITH SOLUTIONS A+ GRADED

Health Belief Model - CORRECT ANSWER- Model which people assess the threat of an emerging dis- ease by assessing their perceived susceptibility against the severity of the disease.

  1. Programs-CORRECT ANSWER- a set of planned activities over time designed to achieve specific objectives
  2. Program Planning-CORRECT ANSWER- process of identifying needs, establishing priorities, diag- nosing causes of problems, assessing and allocating resources and determining barriers to achieving objectives
  3. Vision Statement-CORRECT ANSWER- one-sentence or one-phrase statement that describes the long term desired change stemming from the efforts of an organization or program
  4. Program Mission Statement-CORRECT ANSWER- statement of the general focus or purpose of the program. Can be one-sentence statement or short narrative that broadly defines the program's purpose. Mission statements identify the scope or focus of the organiza- tion or program and are enduring over time
  5. Goals-CORRECT ANSWER- general, long-term statements or desired program outcomes and provide the direction upon which all objectives are based
  6. Objectives-CORRECT ANSWER- statements that describe, in measureable terms, the changes in behavior, attitude, knowledge, skills, or health status that will occur in the intervention group as a result of the program. They are small, specific steps that enable the goal to be met
  7. Community-based organization (CBO)-CORRECT ANSWER- public or private, nonprofit organization of demonstrated effectiveness that is representative of a community or significant segments of a community and provides educational or related services to individuals in the community
  1. Coalition-CORRECT ANSWER- group of diverse organizations and constituencies working together toward a common goal
  2. Cultural competence/cy-CORRECT ANSWER- an ability to understand, communicate with and ef- fectively interact with people across cultures. Comprises these components-CORRECT ANSWER- a) awareness of one's own cultural worldview, b) attitude towards cultural differences, and c) knowledge of one's orientation affects different professional practices and relationships
  3. Stakeholders-CORRECT ANSWER- groups of key people such as those involved in the program operations, those served or affected by the program, and the primary users of the program.
  4. Expressed needs-CORRECT ANSWER- observed through individuals' use of services, such as an exercise class taken by older adults at a senior center.
  5. Actual needs-CORRECT ANSWER- may be inferred through the discrepancy of services provided to one community group as compared to another, such as bicycling and walking lanes.
  6. Perceived needs-CORRECT ANSWER- refer to what individuals in a community state that they want, such as more healthy food choices in a school's vending machine.

organizations mission's, establish clear goals, tasks, and communication methods, and continually monitor effectiveness.

  1. People who may be interested in the program planning process-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Individ- uals who represent various groups within the priority population
  2. Representatives of other stakeholders not represented in the priority population
  3. Individuals who have key roles within the organization sponsoring the program
  1. Obstacles-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Lack of time
  2. Lack of awareness
  3. Lack of transportation and communication barriers
  4. Lack of interest/apathy
  5. Inconvenient locations or times
  6. Remove these obstacles by-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- making personal contact with key representa- tives, provide incentives for participation, choose easily accessible meeting locations and conduct training programs.
  7. Goals-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Help measure a program's processes and outcomes.
  8. Include program components, activities, deliveries, and time frame while the outcomes could include short-term changes (knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviors) or long-term changes (behavior adherence, health status.)
  9. Primary Prevention-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- focused on protecting people from developing a disease or injury
  10. Secondary Prevention-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- emphasizes early diagnosis of disease or potential injury. Example-CORRECT ANSWER- regular preventative exams or screening tests
  11. Tertiary Prevention-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- rehabilitation after diagnosis or a disease or injury. Goal is to prevent further deterioration and maximizing quality of life through self-man- agement or support groups.
  12. Vision Statement-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- one- sentence or one-phrase statement that describes the long-term desired change stemming from the efforts of an organization or commu- nity.
  13. Mission Statement-CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Statement of the purpose of organization
  14. Oriented to making decision, priorities, and actions of the organization
  15. Vision-CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Statement of the desired end state
  16. Oriented to group meeting the results of the organization
  17. Goals-CORRECT ANSWER- (definition)-CORRECT ANSWER- general, long-term statements of desired program out- comes and provide the direction upon which all objectives are based.
  18. Objectives-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- 1. statements that describe in measureable terms, changes in health status, behavior, attitude, or knowledge that will occur in the intervention group as a result of the program.
  1. Behavioral objective-CORRECT ANSWER- Changes in behavior or actions of the priority population What is the impact? Is there adoption of a new healthier behavior and can it be attributed to the program?
  2. Learning objective-CORRECT ANSWER- Changes in awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills, etc. Is there requisite change in knowledge, attitudes, habits, and skills needed for behavior change?
  3. Administrative objective-CORRECT ANSWER- Adherence to time line tasks, completion of activities, efficient use of resources Is the program working? Are people attending? Are the methods appropriate?
  4. Components of Program Planning-CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Understanding and engaging the prior- ity population
  5. Conducting a needs assessment
  6. Developing goals and objectives
  7. Creating an intervention
  8. Implementing the intervention
  9. Conducting program evaluation
  10. The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- Most often used formal planning model in health education.
  11. PRECEDE-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- Phase 1 - CORRECT ANSWER- Social Assessment- define the quality of life of the prior population Phase 2 - CORRECT ANSWER- Epidemiological assessment- identify the health problems of the priority population and determine and prioritize behavioral (individual) and environmental (external) risk factors associated with the health problem. Phase 3 - CORRECT ANSWER- Educational and ecological assessment- determine predisposing (individ- ual knowledge and affective traits), enabling (those that make poosibly a change in behavior, such as skills), and reinformcing (feedback and encouragement for a changed behavior, perhaps from significant or important others) factors.
  12. PROCEED-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- Phase 4 - CORRECT ANSWER- Administrative and policy assessment- determine the resources (funding, staff, other) available for the program. Phase 5 - CORRECT ANSWER- Implementation-CORRECT ANSWER- select strategies and activities; begin program Phase 6-CORRECT ANSWER- Process evaluation-CORRECT ANSWER- document program feasibility Phase 7-CORRECT ANSWER- Impact evaluation-CORRECT ANSWER- assess

the immediate effect of an intervention. Phase 8 - CORRECT ANSWER- Outcome evaluation-CORRECT ANSWER- determines whether long-term program goals were met.

  1. Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH)-CORRECT ANSWER- - CORRECT ANSWER- 1. Goals selection
  2. Intervention planning
  3. Program development
  4. Implementation preparation
  5. Evaluation
  1. Health engineering strategies-CORRECT ANSWER- change the social or physical environment in which people live or work. affect a large number of people and may change behavior by influencing awareness, attitudes, and knowledge or through guided choice. examples-CORRECT ANSWER- modification of offerings in vending machines (inclusion of only healthy foods and beverages)
  2. Community health mobilization strategies-CORRECT ANSWER- directly involve participants in the change process. these strategies include initiatives such as coalition building and

lobbying. Examples-CORRECT ANSWER- community organization, community building, and community advocacy

  1. Health communication strategies-CORRECT ANSWER- all types of communication channels to change behavior. impact knowledge, awareness, or attitudes. Communication may also provide cues for action and provide reinforcement of behaviors.
  2. Health related community service strategies-CORRECT ANSWER- services, tests, or treatments to improve the health of the priority population. examples-CORRECT ANSWER- activities that enable individuals to evaluate their personal level of health through the use of health-risk appraisals, screenings, and self-examination.
  3. Results-CORRECT ANSWER- section of an original research paper presents evidence tested against the stated hypothesis or research questions and presents statistical findings
  4. Informed consent-CORRECT ANSWER- it explains the benefits, risks, and participation is voluntary and may be terminated at any time
  5. Focus Groups-CORRECT ANSWER- techniques capitalize on communication among participants selected based on specific criteria. individuals invited to participate, and a facilitator leads the focus group. It may be difficult to infer consensus and the results may not be generalizable.
  6. Advocacy questions to consider (in order)-CORRECT ANSWER- 1. How are advocates building their professional capacities by learning skills such as communications, media relations, strategy development, and campaign planning?
  7. Based on influential factors in the political, social, and economic environments, what advocacy strategies are likely to be most effective for policy change efforts?
  8. How can multiple agencies work together effectively to advocate for mutually desirable policy changes?
  9. How can advocacy strategies be changed during a campaign to more effectively influence desired policy changes?
  10. MEDLINE-CORRECT ANSWER- database contains primary medical journals, many health education journals are also indexed. PubMed is its online searchable interface through the Web site of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Offers free access to citations from MEDLINE and other journals.
  11. Education Resource Information Center (ERIC)-CORRECT ANSWER- contains journals related to school health, school-aged children, and education in its broadest sense.
  1. Health and Psycholosocial Instruments (HaPI)-CORRECT ANSWER- collects rating scales, ques- tionnaire, checklists, tests, interview schedules, and coding schemes/manuals for health and social sciences.
  2. PsycInfo-CORRECT ANSWER- includes a summary of journal articles, books, dissertations, and technical reports from professional and academic literature in psychology
  3. Supporting participants-CORRECT ANSWER- members that only contribute money to the coalition
  4. Advisory Board-CORRECT ANSWER- group that provides specialized guidance and expert opinion on a specific health topic in order to aid in decision- making.
  5. Behavioral Factor of Health-CORRECT ANSWER- example-CORRECT ANSWER- consumption, medication compliance, and self-care
  6. Health departments and worksites are implementing a new health edu- cation/promotion program to increase influenza vaccine rates for adults in a five county area. What will the project lead focus on to assess the fidelity of implementation-CORRECT ANSWER- Program components are being implemented.
  7. When choosing a policy or issue to advocate on with a legislator, which criteria should be considered first?-CORRECT ANSWER- How receptive the community or target population is to the proposed policy or advocacy effort
  8. The health education specialist is working with a local community to insti- tute a smoke free environment in local businesses, agencies, and restaurants throughout the entire community. What type of health strategy would the health education specialist implement in the community?-CORRECT ANSWER- Ordinance
  9. The health education specialist is identifying the types of activities to be included in a health education/promotion program. In a logic model, these activities would be included in-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- inputs
  10. In a social ecological model, a school or worksite would fall under what factor or level-CORRECT ANSWER- Institutional
  11. A local health department has decided to adopt an evidence-based pro- gram for obesity prevention with educational materials that are not completely compatible with the community it serves. In the process of adapting the materials to make them more suitable for the population, the health education specialist should be cautious not to-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT

ANSWER- change the core elements that make the program effective

  1. If selecting items from an existing instrument, what is is the correct pro- cedure?-CORRECT ANSWER- Retain scales to cover an entire domain, rather than select one question for a complex domain.
  2. With so many changes in health eduction and health-related policy on a daily basis, it is essential that the education specialists advocate for profes- sional development for the filed. Which is a way to advocate for professional
  1. A health education specialist notices one of the lessons is not working as planned. What is the appropriate way to proceed?-CORRECT ANSWER- Adapt the lesson to the learners' needs so they are able to understand the information or skill
  2. During flu season, health education specialists often try to promote the flu vaccine to the general public. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model,

a person who does not feel susceptible to the flue might not pay attention to messages promoting the vaccine. How might a health education specialist craft a message in order to target this person?-CORRECT ANSWER- Use peripheral stimuli, such as pictures or video to increase attention.

  1. Elaboration Liklihood Model-CORRECT ANSWER- finding out how much the audience cares about an issue will help specialists craft effective messages. A person who feels directly impacted by a topic will be more likely to pay attention to a message and want details. a person who is not engaged in a topic will need peripheral stimuli to grab their attention
  2. 4 "P's" of Social Marketing-CORRECT ANSWER- Product-CORRECT ANSWER- health behavior, program or idea Price-CORRECT ANSWER- financial, physical, psychological, time Place-CORRECT ANSWER- how and where learning will take place Promotion-CORRECT ANSWER- approach used to reach the audience
  3. In planning a health education/promotion program, a health education specialist needs to develop a timeline for delivery of the intervention. How can this be done?-CORRECT ANSWER- Gantt Chart
  4. A health educator has just begun his career after graduation. He is trying to make contacts with other professionals so that he can network and share ideas. What is the best way to achieve this?-CORRECT ANSWER- Join a professional health education organization
  5. The health education specialist would use a prioritization matrix in which phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?-CORRECT ANSWER- Epidemiological assessment
  6. What is a common way to illustrate alignment of programs with an organi- zation's mission and goals?-CORRECT ANSWER- Logic model
  7. A community agency is targeting a variety of social ecological levels to help reduce drug use in the community. Some of the levels will take substan- tially more time to target. Rather than wait for all aspects of the intervention to be ready, the agency looks to begin with one level and then will add in other levels over time. This is an example of-CORRECT ANSWER--CORRECT ANSWER- phasing in
  8. An evaluation of a program has be conducted, and a health education specialist is preparing a report in a very tight timeline. Through all sections of the report are important for clarity and content, on which section should the

the dimensions considered most relevant to real-world implementation, such as the capacity to reach underserved populations and to be adopted within diverse settings. Briefly, the reach dimension of the framework refers to the percentage and characteristics of individuals receiving the intervention; effectiveness refers to the impact of the intervention, including anticipated as well as unanticipated outcomes; adoption concerns the percentage and representativeness of settings that adopt the intervention; implementation refers to the consistency and cost of delivering the intervention; and maintenance refers to long-term sustainability at both the setting and individual levels

  1. IMB Skills Model-CORRECT ANSWER- Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills Model-CORRECT ANSWER- was devel- oped in Western settings characterized by a more individualistic culture in contrast to the more collectivistic culture of Thailand. (1) "information" includes relevant knowledge on antiretroviral medications such as appropriate administration, side effects, and drug interactions. Information might be correct or incorrect and can both facilitate and impede adherence. Information can also include broader adherence-related heuristics or theories, e.g., regarding ART and physiologic reactions and outcomes; (2) "motivation" includes both personal and social motivations. Personal motivation includes positive or negative attitudes toward taking antiretroviral medications, perceived benefits or side effects of taking medications, and/or perceived negative effects of nonadherence. Social motivation includes the individual's perceptions of social support from significant others for adherence and his/her desire to comply with others; and (3) "behavioral skills" are both the individual's objective ability to perform necessary adherence-related tasks and his/her perceived self-efficacy for these tasks. Adherence-related tasks include cues to dosing, strategies to minimize side effects, and self-reinforcement for adherence over time and across different situations.
  2. PAPM Model (The Precaution Adoption Process Model)-CORRECT ANSWER- attempts to ex- plain how a person comes to decisions to take action and how he or she translates that decision into action. Adoption of a new precaution or cessation of a risky behavior requires deliberate steps unlikely to occur outside of conscious awareness. The PAPM applies mainly to these types of actions, rather than to the gradual devel- opment of habitual patterns of behavior, such as exercise and diet, in which health considerations may play some role. However, the PAPM would apply to the initiation of a new exercise program or a new diet. Proponents of the PAPM

hypothesize that there are qualitative differences among people, and question whether changes in health behaviors can be described by a single prediction equation.

  1. CRM Model (Community Readiness Model)-CORRECT ANSWER- Communities are motivated by the difference between current health situations or behaviors and the desire to