Chemistry SAT Subject Test QUESTIONS &VERIFIED ANSWERS (RATED A+) 2024 2025ALLNEW, Exams of Chemistry

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Chemistry SAT Subject

Test QUESTIONS

&VERIFIED ANSWERS

(RATED A+) 2024-

2025ALLNEW

Anhydride - ANSWER-A compound derived from another compound by the removal of water; it will combine with water to form an acid (acidic anhydride) or base (basic anhydride). Anhydrous - ANSWER-Containing no water

Absolute Temperature - ANSWER-Temperature measured on the absolute scale, which has its origin at absolute zero. Absorption - ANSWER-The process of taking up by capillary, osmotic, chemical, or solvent action, as a sponge absorbs water. Acid - ANSWER-A water solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions; an acid turns litmus paper pink or red, has a sour taste, and neutralizes bases to form salts. Acidic Anhydride - ANSWER-A nonmetallic oxide that, when placed in water, reacts to form an an acid solution. Acid Salt - ANSWER-A salt formed by replacing part of the hydrogen ions of a dibasic or tribasic

acid with metallic ions. Examples: NaHSO₄, NaH₂PO₄ Actinide Series - ANSWER-The series of radioactive elements starting with actinium, No. 89, and ending with lawrencium, No. 103. Activated Charcoal - ANSWER-A specially treated and finely divided form of carbon, which possesses a high degree of absorption. Activation Energy - ANSWER-The minimum energy necessary to start a reaction. It does this by increasing the energy of the reactants so that they can combine faster. When looking at a graph, it is represented by the hump portion. For exothermic, the hump is above the line of the reactants, for endothermic, the hump is above the line of the products.

Alkyl - ANSWER-A substituent obtained from a saturated hydrocarbon by removing one hydrogen atom Examples: methyl (CH₃) ethyl (C₂H₅). Allotropic Forms - ANSWER-Forms of the same element that differ in their crystalline structures. Alloy - ANSWER-A substance composed of two or more metals, which are intimately mixed; usually made by melting the metals together. Alpha Particles - ANSWER-Positively charged helium nuclei. Amine - ANSWER-A compound such as CH₃NH₂, derived from ammonia by substituting one or more hydro-carbon radicals for hydrogen atoms.

Amino Acid - ANSWER-One of the building blocks of proteins; contains one or more NH₂- groups that have replaced the same number of hydrogen atoms in an organic acid. Amorphous - ANSWER-Having no definite crystalline structure Amphoteric - ANSWER-Referring to a hydroxide that may have either acidic or basic properties, depending on the substance with which it reacts. Analysis - ANSWER-The breaking down of a compound into two or more simpler substances. Atomic Mass - ANSWER-The average mean value of the isotopic masses of the atoms of an element. It indicates the relative mass of the element as compared with that of carbon-12, which is assigned a mass of exactly 12 amu.

Avogadro's Number - ANSWER-The number of molecules in 1 gram-molecular volume of a substance, or the number of atoms in 1 gram- atomic mass of an element; equal to 6.022 x 10²³. Barometer - ANSWER-An instrument, invented by Toricelli in 1643, used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Base - ANSWER-A water solution that contains an excess of hydroxide ions; a proton acceptor; a base turns litmus paper blue and neutralizes acids to form salts. Basic Anhydride - ANSWER-A metallic oxide that forms a base when placed in water. Beta Particles - ANSWER-High-speed, negatively charged electrons-1⁰e or 1⁰β- emitted in radiation.

Binary - ANSWER-Referring to a compound composed of two elements, such as H₂O. Boiling Point - ANSWER-The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. Bond Energy - ANSWER-The energy needed to break a chemical bond and form a neutral atom. Bonding - ANSWER-The union of atoms to form compounds or molecules by filling their outer shells of electrons. This can be done through giving and taking electrons (ionic) or by sharing electrons (covalent). Brass - ANSWER-An alloy of copper and zinc.

Calorimeter - ANSWER-An instrument used to measure the amount of heat liberated or absorbed during a change. Carbonated Water - ANSWER-Water containing dissolved carbon dioxide. Carbon Dating - ANSWER-The use of radioactive carbon-14 to estimate the ages of ancient materials, such as archaeological or paleontological specimens. Catalyst - ANSWER-A substance that speeds up or slows down a reaction without being permanently changed itself. Cathode - ANSWER-The electrode in an electrolytic cell that is negatively charged and attracts positive ions.

Cathode Rays - ANSWER-Streams of electrons given off by the cathode of a vacuum tube. Cation - ANSWER-An ion that has a positive charge. Celsius Scale - ANSWER-A temperature scale divided into 100 equal divisions and based on water freezing at 0° degress and boiling at 100°. Synonymous with centigrade. Chain Reaction - ANSWER-A reaction produced during nuclear fission when at least one neutron from each fission produces another fission, so that the process becomes self- sustaining without additional external energy. Chemical Change - ANSWER-A change that alters the atomic structures of the substances involved and results in different properties.

Compound - ANSWER-A substance composed of elements chemically united in definite proportions by weight. Condensation - ANSWER-a) A change from gaseous state to liquid state. b) The union of like or unlike molecules with the elimination of H₂O, HCl, or Alcohol. Control Rod - ANSWER-In a nuclear reactor, a rod of certain metal such as cadmium, which controls the speed of the chain reaction by absorbing neutrons. Coordinate Covalence - ANSWER-Covalence in which both electrons in a pair come from the same atom. Covalent Bonding - ANSWER-Bonding accomplished through the sharing of electrons so that atoms can fill their outer shells.

Critical Mass - ANSWER-The smallest amount of fissionable material that will sustain a chain reaction. Critical Temperature - ANSWER-The temperature above which no gas can be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied. Crystalline - ANSWER-Having definite molecular or ionic structure. Crystallization - ANSWER-The process of forming definitely shaped crystals when water is evaporated from a solution of the substance. Cyclotron - ANSWER-A device used to accelerate charged particles to high energies for bombarding the nuclei of atoms.

Density - ANSWER-The mass per unit volume of a substance; D=m/V. Destructive Distillation - ANSWER-The process of heating an organic substance, such as coal, in the absence of air to break it down into solid and volatile products. Deuterium - ANSWER-An isotope of hydrogen, sometimes called heavy hydrogen, with an atomic weight of 2. Dew Point - ANSWER-The highest temperature at which water vapor condenses out of the air. Dialysis - ANSWER-The process of separation of a solution by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.

Diffusion - ANSWER-The process whereby gases or liquids intermingle freely of their own accord. Dipole-Dipole Attraction - ANSWER-A relatively weak force of attraction between polar molecules; a component of van der Waals forces. Displacement - ANSWER-A change by which an element takes the place of another element in a compound. Dissociation (ionic) - ANSWER-The separation of the ions of an ionic compound due to the action of a solvent. Distillation - ANSWER-The process of first vaporizing a liquid and then condensing the vapor back into a liquid, leaving behind the nonvolatile impurities.