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Nonpolar Covalent Bonds. Nonpolar Covalent Bond. ❖ Equal sharing of the bonding electron pair. ❖ Example: In H-H each H atom has an electronegativity.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Part Two: Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
v The attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons is called a covalent bond v In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons and neither atom has an ionic charge
Single and Multiple Covalent Bonds
depending on the number of pairs of electrons shared
Characteristics of Covalent Bonds v Low melting points v Do not conduct electricity in any state v Solids are often soft or brittle v Many are gases at room temperature v Most are less soluble in water than ionic compounds and are not electrolytes
v Example: In H-H each H atom has an electronegativity value of 2.
v Example: In H-Cl, the electronegativity of the Cl atom is 3.0, while that of the H atom is 2. v Electron pair is displaced toward the more electronegative atom v Results in a dipole
Examples: Carbon dioxide CO 2 phosphorous trichloride PCl 3 diarsenic pentoxide As 2 O 5 Number PreUix Number PreUix 1 mon(o)-‐ 6 hexa-‐ 2 di-‐ 7 hepta-‐ 3 tri-‐ 8 octa-‐ 4 tetra-‐ 9 nona-‐ 5 penta-‐ 10 deca-‐
5 dinitrogen pentoxide