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A comprehensive overview of fundamental chemistry concepts, including the periodic table, states of matter, physical and chemical properties, and types of chemical bonds. It covers elements, compounds, mixtures, and various units of measurement. Key topics include the classification of elements, chemical formulas, and the basics of atomic structure, making it a valuable resource for students studying introductory chemistry. It also includes questions and answers about the topics discussed. Useful for high school and university students. It is a good resource for exam preparation and revision.
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H - well answered Hydrogen He - well answered Helium Li - well answered Lithium Be - well answered Beryllium B - well answered Boron C - well answered Carbon N - well answered Nitrogen O - well answered Oxygen F - well answered Fluorine Ne - well answered Neon Na - well answered Sodium Mg - well answered Magnesium Al - well answered Aluminum
Si - well answered Silicon P - well answered Phorphorus S - well answered Sulfur Cl - well answered Chlorine Ar - well answered Argon Solid State - well answered The particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) are closely packed together. They have a fixed shape and volume but are not compressible. Liquid State - well answered The particles are separated and free to move. They have a fixed shape and volume but are relatively not compressible. Gas State - well answered The particles are separated by great distance and are in constant, chaotic movement at high rates of speed. The root means the square speed of an oxygen molecule is 480 m/s (1,074 miles per hour). They do not have a fixed shape or volume but they are compressible. Physical Property - well answered A characteristic of a substance, which can be observed or measured without changing the composition or identity of that substance. Physical properties include appearance, temperature, pressure, mass, volume, state (solid, liquid, gas), M.P., B.P., density, and color. Physical Change - well answered A process that occurs without a change in chemical composition or identity of a substance. Chemical Property - well answered Describes a substance's composition and its reactivity. Chemical properties include acidity, toxicity, flammability, and corrosiveness. Chemical Change - well answered A process that results in a change in the chemical composition or identity of a substance.
Symbol:? - well answered mol How many known elements are there? How many are naturally occurring? How many are man-made? - well answered 118 known elements; 90 naturally occurring; 28 man-made What are the 3 classifications of the chemical elements on the periodic table? - well answered Metals, non-metals, or metalloids. Metal - well answered A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g., iron, gold, silver, copper, and aluminum, and allows such as brass and steel). About 3/4 of the elements are metals. Non-metal - well answered An element that is not a metal. The properties of the nonmetals contrast (differ strikingly) with those of the metals. They shatter when hit, and do not conduct electricity. Metalloid - well answered An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals or semiconductors. In other words, a metalloid can exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties. The metalloids are located In the periodic table along a zigzag diagonal (staircase) like that divides the metals from the nonmetals. The metalloids are B, Is, Ge, As, Te, At. What three different categories can chemical elements in the human body be separated into? - well answered Building-Block Elements, Major Minerals, and Trace Elements Building-Block Elements - well answered Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) make up 96% of the mass of the body. Mnemonic: CHON. Major Minerals (macronutrients) - well answered Sodium, potassium, and chlorine are found in body fluids; magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) are present in muscle proteins; calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) are present in teeth and bones. Trace Elements (micronutrients) - well answered These include iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and iodine (I).
Element Box (cell) - well answered Contains element symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. The boxes lie in order of increasing atomic number as you move from left to right. Periods - well answered Horizontal rows (you end a sentence with a period like). Each period is designated by a number from 1-7. Groups - well answered Vertical columns. Each group is designated by a number 1-18. An older system has the groups numbered 1 through 8, accompanied by the letter A or B. Main-Group or Representative Elements - well answered The two groups 1 and 2, and 13 through 18. Transition Elements - well answered The ten groups 3-12. Inner Transition Elements - well answered The two horizontal series located at the bottom. These are further identified as the lanthanides and the actinides. The inner transition elements fit between groups 3 and 4. Elements in the same group... - well answered ...have similar physical and chemical properties (characteristics). Group 1A (with the exception of hydrogen) - well answered Alkali Metals Group 2A - well answered Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7A - well answered Halogens Group 8A - well answered Noble Gases Groups 1A, 2A, 3A-8A - well answered Main Group Elements Transition Metals - well answered occupy the middle of the periodic table in periods 4-
Molecular Formula - well answered The actual number of atoms in a molecule represented by a whole number ratio. BrINClHOF - well answered nemonic device to remember 7 diatonic elements. Electron - well answered Symbol: e- Relative Charge: - Location: outside the nucleus Proton - well answered Symbol: p+ Relative Charge: + Location: nucleus Neutron - well answered Symbol: n Relative Charge: 0 Location: nucleus Z in equation - well answered Atomic Number A in equation - well answered Mass Number X in equation - well answered Chemical Symbol Isotopes - well answered Atoms which have the same atomic number but different mass number, that is the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Isotope Notation - well answered X represents the chemical symbol, the superscript A represents the mass number and the subscript Z represents is the atomic number. mega - well answered Symbol: M
Factor: 1,000, Exponent: 10^ kilo - well answered Symbol: k Factor: 1, Exponent: 10^ centi - well answered Symbol: c Factor: 0. Exponent: 10^- milli - well answered Symbol: m Factor: 0. Exponent: 10^- Rules for determining Sig Figs - well answered -All nonzero digits are significant. Ex: 28.03 is 4 Sig Figs -Interior zeroes (zeroes between two nonzero digits) are significant. Ex: 7.0301 is 5 Sig Figs -Leading zeroes (zeroes to the left of the first nonzero digit) are not significant. They only serve to locate the decimal point. Ex: 0.0032 is 2 Sig Figs -Trailing zeros (zeroes at the end of a number) are categorized as follows: --Trailing zeroes after a decimal point are always significant. Ex: 45.00 is 4 Sig Figs --Trailing zeroes before a decimal point (and after a nonzero number) are always significant. Ex: 2500. is 4 Sig Figs --Trailing zeroes before an implied decimal point are ambiguous and should be avoided by using scientific notation. Ex: 1200 is ambiguous, 1.20 x 10^3 is 3 Sig Figs, and 1.200 x 10^3 is 4 Sig Figs. Significant Figures: Multiplication or Division - well answered The result carries the same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures.
