Download chapters 9 -13 | PHED 35343 - Kinesiology and more Quizzes Kinesiology in PDF only on Docsity!
What is the action of iliopsoas(hip
region)
Flexion of the hip TERM 2
over-activity of
iliopsoas
DEFINITION 2 contributes to anteriorly tilted pelvis.Use thomas test to assess tightness. TERM 3
exercise for
iliopsoas
DEFINITION 3 sit ups- iliopsoas are the primary movers. also use lunge stretch. A TERM 4
5 structures of lower extremity
DEFINITION 4 pelvic girdlehip jointknee jointankle jointsubtalar joint TERM 5
Ball-and-socket joint(for hip joint)
DEFINITION 5 head of femur articulates with acetabulum.
(hip joint) head of femur covered with
cartilage
labrum- in acetabulum adds depth to joint serves as cushion TERM 7
(hip joint) body structure is strong
DEFINITION 7 strong ligaments/musclesstable joint and good ROM TERM 8
Motion in pelvis allows
DEFINITION 8 greater ROM of lower extremity TERM 9
Hip joint motions parallel shoulder joint
motions
DEFINITION 9 flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, (horizontal as well), internal and external rotation. TERM 10
Thomas test
DEFINITION 10 in which knee does not flex is positive for rectus femoris vs. iliopsoas.
Posteriorly tilted pelvis...
shorten gluteus ( length tension relationship) TERM 17
anteriorly tilted pelvis
DEFINITION 17 lengthens glutes(length tension relationship) TERM 18
what is gluteus max. important for
DEFINITION 18 important for explosive LE movements such as sprinting and jumping. TERM 19
Gluteus medius
action
DEFINITION 19 hip abduction ( open chain) - important to prevent valgus forces on knee. -Especially when jumping and landing.important to stabilizing the pelvis when standing/walking/running/ sprinting on one leg (closed chain) (hip adductors when landing)and external and internal rotation of hip TERM 20
3 hamstrings
DEFINITION 20 semitendinosus, semmimembranosus, biceps femoris.
both semi's are considered?
medial hamstring TERM 22
biceps femoris is considered
DEFINITION 22 lateral hamstring TERM 23
all hamstrings cause...
DEFINITION 23 extension of hip and flexion of knee. TERM 24
over-activity of hamstrings
DEFINITION 24 cause a posteriorly tilt of pelvis. TERM 25
Semi's also cause
DEFINITION 25 internal rotation of tibia
anteriorly tilt limits hip ext.
and
limites glute development TERM 32
Closed chain (glute medius)
DEFINITION 32 leg is fixed, GM stabilizes pelvis by preventing lateral tilt (frontal plane) to opposite side. TERM 33
Open chaid (glute medius)
DEFINITION 33 prevents hip from adducting and putting it in dangerous position for ACL. TERM 34
Six deep lateral rotator
muscles
DEFINITION 34 external rotation of hip TERM 35
lateral rotators key point
DEFINITION 35 piriformis is near the sciatic nerve. Tightness in piriformis may contribute to sciatic pain and externally rotate hip (over-active)
Semitendinosus muscle action
extension of hip, flexion of hip. internal rotation and tibia. TERM 37
Semitendinosus tightness can cause.
DEFINITION 37 tight hamstring can cause posterior tilt of pelvis.same with semimembranosus. TERM 38
semitendinosus over-
activity
DEFINITION 38 over-activity of medial hamstrings can create internal rotation of tibia\same with semimembranosus. TERM 39
Semimembranosus muscle action
DEFINITION 39 extension of hip, flexion of knee, internal rotation of tibia. TERM 40
Bicep femoris action
DEFINITION 40 extension of hip, flexion of kneeexternal rotation of tibia.
piriforms causes external rotation however
when hip is flexed to 90 degrees....
it becomes an internal rotator.important to prevent internal rotation and valgus forces of the knee (especially with landing) piriformis syndrome. TERM 47
action of vastus lateralis
DEFINITION 47 extension of knee- pulls patella laterally TERM 48
when vastus lateralis over-
acts
DEFINITION 48 chondromalacia TERM 49
actions of vastus medialis-
DEFINITION 49 Extension of knee. Pulls patella medially. very active in last 30 degrees of leg extension. TERM 50
when weakened the vastus medialis
DEFINITION 50 due to excessive quad contractions without moving into extension (riding biek) may allow laterally displacement of patella.
Rectus femoris action
flexion of hip and extension of knee.only quadriceps muscle that crosses over the hip. TERM 52
Hamstrings-( semitendinosus,
semimembranesus. )
DEFINITION 52 extension of hip and flexion of knee. Internal rotation of knee. TERM 53
hamstrings ( biceps femoris)
DEFINITION 53 extension of hip. flexion of knee. External rotation of tibia. TERM 54
Tibiofemoral joint(knee)
DEFINITION 54 Modified hinge jointtwo condyles of femur articulate with tibial plateaus/menisciNote: intercondyloid eminence and notch: ACL tearPatella articulates with patellar surface of femur.- patellofemoral jointbony stability is weak. helped by considerable ligaments and cartilage. TERM 55
The tibiofemoral structure
DEFINITION 55 Menisci are circular rims of cartilageLateral and medial.- Provide shock absorption. Protects bony ends stability of knee.outer portion is thicker than outer portion more vascular, supply minimal by 20sMedial menisci attached to platear..where as lateral menisci has greater freedom of movement.
Piriformis syndrome
Tightness of the piriformis muscle compressing the sciatic nerve contributing to pain down the posterior aspect of the leg.lack of stretching into internal rotation.extensive hip extension and abduction strengthening exercises. TERM 62
Chondromalacia
DEFINITION 62 Degeneration of cartilage on surface of patella. Due to patella rubbing on femoral condyle. creates pain, on movement, swelling, grating during knee extension/flexion. TERM 63
Cause of chondromalacia
DEFINITION 63 patellar tracking problems due to vastus lateralis or weakness. TERM 64
what to do to prevent chondromalacia
DEFINITION 64 strengthen vastus medialis by training complete extension. - short arch quads (0-30 degree of extension)Look for structural imbalances for predisposed - genu valgum, tibial torsion, pronated feet.be aware of activities that may contribute - cycling, recovering from knee problems. TERM 65
Osgood schlatter
disease
DEFINITION 65 Repeated overuse of knee extensors creating tendonitis of patellar tendon on tibial turbosity. - especially during growing periods.swelling, pain on activity and kneeling
treatment of osgood disease
early recognitionrest and icestop exercises that involve knee extension (quads)cho-pat TERM 67
Anterior cruciate tears
DEFINITION 67 valgus force with rotation while weight bearingexcessive flexion of weight bearing knee (skiing/squats)Anterior blow to femur with foot fixed (anterior translation of tibia.) TERM 68
Prevention for anterior cruciate
tears
DEFINITION 68 Train hamstringstrain eccentricallytrain knee proprioceptorsincrease fitness to minimize fatigue TERM 69
Posterior cruciate tears
DEFINITION 69 Posterior translation of tibia relative to femuranterior blow to tibia avoid hyperextension of knee. TERM 70
Meniscal tears
DEFINITION 70 tends to be damaged more than the lateralDue tomedial meniscus has less ability to move in the knee jointmore stresses on knee tend be directed to medial meniscus
4 knee rules for proper knee mechanics with
exercise, landing, and ADL
- Knee must be aligned2. dont go past 90 degrees3. dont hyper extend4. dont go past toes. TERM 77
to test if they do 4 rule right
DEFINITION 77 test for proper squate. 60% of body weight. Then they are ready for pliometics TERM 78
teach and train proper change of direction
and deceleration
DEFINITION 78 Maintaining lower center of gravity is key. TERM 79
Train hamstrings as much as you train
quadriceps
DEFINITION 79 traditional leg curlsstability ball hip extensions- knee in extension, more hamstring due to active insufficiency.knee in flexion - more gluteus maximus TERM 80
Hamstring
exercises
DEFINITION 80 plate sidessingle leg squatsroman chairstraight leg dead liftsingle leg hip ext.
reverse leg
curl
for kneeglut max? TERM 82
assess and train the glutues
medius
DEFINITION 82 hip abductioncross over step TERM 83
Talocrural joint(ankle)
DEFINITION 83 hinge jointarticulation of talus with distal ends of tibia and fibula - ok bony structure with strong ligament supportsubtalar joint- talus and calcaneous- inversion and eversion of heel TERM 84
tibiofibular joint
DEFINITION 84 joined at both proximal and distal tibiofibular jointsligaments and a strong, dense interosseus membrane between tibia and fibula shafts provide supportminimal movement possibledistal joint becomes sprained occasionally in heavy contact sporthigh ankle sprains TERM 85
bones (ankle joint)
DEFINITION 85 distal malleoli of tibia (medial) and fibula ( lateral)serve as pulley for posterior tendons to increase mechanical advantage of muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions.
action of gastrocnemius(ankle and knee)
plantar flexion of ankleflexion of kneeremember knee needs to be in extension for stretching and strengthening : lateral head externally rotates foot; medially head internally rotates foot TERM 92
gastrocnemius overactivity and fast twitch
muscles
DEFINITION 92 key point; more of a fast twitch muscle, essential for explosive movements of sprinting/ jumping; knee must be in extension to stretch and strengthenOveractivity of lateral head tends to externally rotate foot, medial head tends to internally rotate foot TERM 93
actions of soleus
DEFINITION 93 planter flexion of ankleKey point more a slow twitch muscle, involved in walking, knee in flexion to stretch, same insertion as gastroc via the archilles tendon, involvedoveractivity can cause abduction of foot TERM 94
tibialis anterior
actions
DEFINITION 94 dorsi flexion of ankleand inversion of foot"anti- pronator TERM 95
tibialis posterior actions
DEFINITION 95 Planter flexion of ankle and inversion of footanti- pronator
Peroneal ( Longus, brevis, terseus)
eversion of foot TERM 97
Anterior (tibialis anterior) compartment
syndrom
DEFINITION 97 most common - acute caused by trauma to area. Chronic- caused by overuse of tibialis anterior- excessive dorsi flexionhill/elevated treadmill walkingtight achillies tendonexcessive pronation- tibialis anterior acts as anti- pronatortoo much running to quickly (10% rule) TERM 98
reduce risk of anterior compartment
syndrom
DEFINITION 98 look at structure of LEincrease Q angle ( genu valgum, pronated or everted foot.)check shoes support ( cushioning) 300-500 miles change shoesproper arch supportwear on shoe ( inside, outside, front, back)dont wear cleats for jogging purposes ( wrestlers)proper flexibility- especially gastroe/soleusallowing for adequate rest, ice, message TERM 99
What are the four inner core
muscles
DEFINITION 99 Internal obliquesTransverse abdominusDeep erector spinaeMultifidusAll are stabilization muscles TERM 100
What are the 4 outer core
muscles
DEFINITION 100 External obliquesRectus abdominusQuadratus lumborumSuperficial erector spinae
