Download Chapters 32 and 33 Terminology | BIOL - Biology 2 - Intermediate and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Cleavage
A succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between cycles. TERM 2
Blastula
DEFINITION 2 The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development TERM 3
Gastrulation
DEFINITION 3 The formation of a gastrula from a blastula TERM 4
Gastrula
DEFINITION 4 The three-layered, cup shaped embryonic stage TERM 5
Larva
DEFINITION 5 A free living, sexually immature form in some animal life cycles that may differ from the adult in morphology, nutrition and habitat.
Metamorphosis
The resurgence of development in an animal larva that transforms it into a sexually mature adult TERM 7
Edicaran fauna
DEFINITION 7 Earliest generally accepted in animal fossils, dating from about 575 million years ago TERM 8
Cambrian Explosion
DEFINITION 8 A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 542- million years ago TERM 9
Grade
DEFINITION 9 Group of animal species that share the same level of organizational complexity TERM 10
Body Plan
DEFINITION 10 In animals, the set of morphological and developmental traits that define a grade level (level of organizational complexity)
Posterior
Pertaining to the rear, or tail end, of a bilaterally symmetrical animal TERM 17
Cephalization
DEFINITION 17 An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment on the anterior end of the body TERM 18
Germ Layers
DEFINITION 18 Three main layers that form the various tissues and organs of an animal body TERM 19
Ectoderm
DEFINITION 19 The outer most of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear and lens of the eye. TERM 20
Endoderm
DEFINITION 20 The inner most of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, lungs, pancreas, and lining of the digestive tract
Archenteron
The endoderm lined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal TERM 22
Mesoderm
DEFINITION 22 The middle primary germ layer of early embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system TERM 23
Triploblastic
DEFINITION 23 Having three germ layers TERM 24
Body Cavity
DEFINITION 24 A fluid filled space separating the digestive tract from the outer body wall TERM 25
Coelom
DEFINITION 25 A body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
Determinant Cleavage
A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early. TERM 32
Radial Cleavage
DEFINITION 32 A type of embryonic development in deuterstomes in which the planes of cell division that transforms the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other. TERM 33
Indeterminate Cleavage
DEFINITION 33 A type of of embryonic development in deuterostomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo TERM 34
Schizocoelous
DEFINITION 34 Patter of formation of the body cavity, common in protostome development in which initially solid masses of mesoderm split, forming the body cavity. TERM 35
Enterocoelous
DEFINITION 35 Patter of formation of the body cavity common in deuterstome development, in which the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows, forming the body cavity.
Blastospore
The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostome and the anus is deuterstomes TERM 37
Ecdysozoan
DEFINITION 37 Member of a group of animal phyla with protostomes development that some systematists hypothesize form a clade, including many molting animals. TERM 38
Lophophore
DEFINITION 38 A horseshoe shape or circular fold of the body wall bearing ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth. TERM 39
Tochophore Larva
DEFINITION 39 Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs. TERM 40
Invertebrates
DEFINITION 40 Animals that lack a backbone
Amoebocysts:
An amoeba-like cell that moves by pseudopodia found in most animals; depending on the species, may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types TERM 47
Hermaphrodite
DEFINITION 47 An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs. TERM 48
Gastrovascular Cavity
DEFINITION 48 An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body TERM 49
Polyp
DEFINITION 49 The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the medusa. TERM 50
Medusa
DEFINITION 50 The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the polp
Cnidocyte
A specialized cell for which the phylum Cnidaria is named; contains a capsule containing a fine coiled thread, which, when discharged, functions in defense and prey capture. TERM 52
Nematocyst
DEFINITION 52 A stinging, capsule-like organelle in a cnidocyte TERM 53
Planarian
DEFINITION 53 A free-living flatworm found in unpolluted ponds and streams TERM 54
Alimentary Canal
DEFINITION 54 A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between the mouth and anus. TERM 55
Parthenogenesis
DEFINITION 55 A type of reproduction in which females produce offspring from an unfertilized egg.
Visceral
One of the three main parts of a mollusc, containing most of the internal organs TERM 62
Mantle
DEFINITION 62 A fold of tissue in molluscs that drapes over the visceral mass and may secrete a shell TERM 63
Mantle Cavity
DEFINITION 63 A water filled chamber that houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores of a mollusc. TERM 64
Radula
DEFINITION 64 A strap-like rasping organ used by many molluscs during feeding. TERM 65
Trocophore Larva
DEFINITION 65 Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs
Torsions
A characteristic of gastropods in which the visceral mass rotates during development TERM 67
Ammonite
DEFINITION 67 A shelled cephalopod that was the dominant invertebrate predator for millions of years until the end of the cretaceous period. TERM 68
Cuticle
DEFINITION 68 (1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation of terrestrial plants. (2) The exoskeleton of an arthropod, consisting of layers of protein and chitin that are variously modified for different function. (3) A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode. TERM 69
Arthropods
DEFINITION 69 A segmented coelomate with chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages, an a body formed of distinct groups of segments. TERM 70
Trilobites
DEFINITION 70 An extinct arthropod with pronounced segmentation and appendages that varied little from segment to segment.
Hexapod
An insect or closely related wingless, six-legged arthropod TERM 77
Crustaceans
DEFINITION 77 A member of a subphylum of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles TERM 78
Chelicera
DEFINITION 78 One of a pair of claw-like feeding appendages characteristics of cheliceriforms TERM 79
Eurypterid
DEFINITION 79 An extinct carnivorous cheliceriform also called a water scorpion TERM 80
Book Lungs
DEFINITION 80 An organ of gas exchange in spiders, consisting of stacked plates contained in an internal chamber
Mandibles
One of a pair of jaw-like feeding appendages found in myriapods, hexapods and crustaceans TERM 82
Incomplete Metamorphosis
DEFINITION 82 A type of development in certain insects, such as grasshoppers, in which the young (called nymphs) resemble adults but are smaller and have different body proportions. The nymph goes through a series of molts, each time looking more and more like an adult, than the larva. TERM 83
Complete Metamorphosis
DEFINITION 83 The transformation of a larva into an adult that looks very differently and often functions very differently in its environment, than the larva. TERM 84
Isopods
DEFINITION 84 A member of one of the largest groups of crustaceans, which includes terrestrials, freshwater, and marine species. Among the terrestrial isopods are the pill bugs or wood lice. TERM 85
Decapod
DEFINITION 85 A member of the group of crustaceans that are important that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, and shrimps.
