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These terms will help students better grasp the concept of Vertebrates and Invertebrates. Class: BIOL - Biology 2 - Intermediate; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: Cumberland University; Term: Forever 1989;
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A succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between cycles. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 The formation of a gastrula from a blastula TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 The three-layered, cup shaped embryonic stage TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 A free living, sexually immature form in some animal life cycles that may differ from the adult in morphology, nutrition and habitat.
The resurgence of development in an animal larva that transforms it into a sexually mature adult TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 Earliest generally accepted in animal fossils, dating from about 575 million years ago TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 542- million years ago TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Group of animal species that share the same level of organizational complexity TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 In animals, the set of morphological and developmental traits that define a grade level (level of organizational complexity)
Pertaining to the rear, or tail end, of a bilaterally symmetrical animal TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment on the anterior end of the body TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Three main layers that form the various tissues and organs of an animal body TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 The outer most of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear and lens of the eye. TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 The inner most of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, lungs, pancreas, and lining of the digestive tract
The endoderm lined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 The middle primary germ layer of early embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 Having three germ layers TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 A fluid filled space separating the digestive tract from the outer body wall TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 A body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early. TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 A type of embryonic development in deuterstomes in which the planes of cell division that transforms the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other. TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 A type of of embryonic development in deuterostomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 Patter of formation of the body cavity, common in protostome development in which initially solid masses of mesoderm split, forming the body cavity. TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 Patter of formation of the body cavity common in deuterstome development, in which the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows, forming the body cavity.
The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostome and the anus is deuterstomes TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 Member of a group of animal phyla with protostomes development that some systematists hypothesize form a clade, including many molting animals. TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 A horseshoe shape or circular fold of the body wall bearing ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth. TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs. TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 Animals that lack a backbone
An amoeba-like cell that moves by pseudopodia found in most animals; depending on the species, may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs. TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the medusa. TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the polp
A specialized cell for which the phylum Cnidaria is named; contains a capsule containing a fine coiled thread, which, when discharged, functions in defense and prey capture. TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 A stinging, capsule-like organelle in a cnidocyte TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 A free-living flatworm found in unpolluted ponds and streams TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between the mouth and anus. TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 A type of reproduction in which females produce offspring from an unfertilized egg.
One of the three main parts of a mollusc, containing most of the internal organs TERM 62
DEFINITION 62 A fold of tissue in molluscs that drapes over the visceral mass and may secrete a shell TERM 63
DEFINITION 63 A water filled chamber that houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores of a mollusc. TERM 64
DEFINITION 64 A strap-like rasping organ used by many molluscs during feeding. TERM 65
DEFINITION 65 Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs
A characteristic of gastropods in which the visceral mass rotates during development TERM 67
DEFINITION 67 A shelled cephalopod that was the dominant invertebrate predator for millions of years until the end of the cretaceous period. TERM 68
DEFINITION 68 (1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation of terrestrial plants. (2) The exoskeleton of an arthropod, consisting of layers of protein and chitin that are variously modified for different function. (3) A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode. TERM 69
DEFINITION 69 A segmented coelomate with chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages, an a body formed of distinct groups of segments. TERM 70
DEFINITION 70 An extinct arthropod with pronounced segmentation and appendages that varied little from segment to segment.
An insect or closely related wingless, six-legged arthropod TERM 77
DEFINITION 77 A member of a subphylum of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles TERM 78
DEFINITION 78 One of a pair of claw-like feeding appendages characteristics of cheliceriforms TERM 79
DEFINITION 79 An extinct carnivorous cheliceriform also called a water scorpion TERM 80
DEFINITION 80 An organ of gas exchange in spiders, consisting of stacked plates contained in an internal chamber
One of a pair of jaw-like feeding appendages found in myriapods, hexapods and crustaceans TERM 82
DEFINITION 82 A type of development in certain insects, such as grasshoppers, in which the young (called nymphs) resemble adults but are smaller and have different body proportions. The nymph goes through a series of molts, each time looking more and more like an adult, than the larva. TERM 83
DEFINITION 83 The transformation of a larva into an adult that looks very differently and often functions very differently in its environment, than the larva. TERM 84
DEFINITION 84 A member of one of the largest groups of crustaceans, which includes terrestrials, freshwater, and marine species. Among the terrestrial isopods are the pill bugs or wood lice. TERM 85
DEFINITION 85 A member of the group of crustaceans that are important that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, and shrimps.