Download Anatomy and Physiology Terminology: Homeostasis, Organs, and Body Functions and more Quizzes Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Homeostatic Imbalance
Caused by loss or disturbance of homeostatic function, leads to disease and agingHomeostasis: EaseDisease: Loss of Ease TERM 2
Viscera, Visceral Organs
DEFINITION 2 Internal organs in the ventral body cavity TERM 3
Define anabolic and catabolic
DEFINITION 3 Anabolic is to make or synthesize, Catabolic is to break down. *Anabolic should outpace catabolic! TERM 4
4 Tools for the Study of Anatomy
DEFINITION 4 Observation: macral and micral Manipulation: range of motion Palpation: feeling Auscultation: listening to organ sounds (stethoscope) TERM 5
Serous Fluid
DEFINITION 5 Thin, lubricating fluid separating serous membranes. *Between visceral/parietal serosa and other membranes
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura: a membrane that lines inner side of chest cavity and the layer of tissue surrounding lungs. *Lack of surfactant: pulmonary liquid secreted in alveolar space TERM 7
Peritonitis
DEFINITION 7 Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infections TERM 8
Pericarditis
DEFINITION 8 Inflammation of the pericardium TERM 9
Integumentary System and 3 Organs
DEFINITION 9 Forms external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes Vitamin D, houses cutaneous pain/pressure receptors and sweat/oil glands. Hair Skin Nails TERM 10
Skeletal System and 2 Organs
DEFINITION 10 Protects and supports body organs and provides framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within the bones and bones store minerals. Bones Joints
Cardiovascular System and 2 Organs
Blood vessels transport blood; which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes. The heart pumps blood. Heart Blood Vessels TERM 17
Nervous System and 3 Organs
DEFINITION 17 Fast-acting control system of the body, responding to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles/glands. Brain Spinal Cord Nerves TERM 18
Digestive System and 8 Organs
DEFINITION 18 Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces. Oral Cavity Esophagus Liver Stomach Rectum Anus Small Intestine Large Intestine TERM 19
Respiratory System and 6 Organs
DEFINITION 19 Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs. Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lung TERM 20
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ &
LLQ
DEFINITION 20 Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant
6 Organs in the Right Lower
Quadrant
Cecum Appendix Ascending Colon Right Ovary Right Fallopian Tube Right Ureter TERM 22
7 Organs in the Right Upper
Quadrant
DEFINITION 22 Liver Gallbladder with Biliary Tree Duodenum Head of Pancreas Right Kidney Right Adrenal Gland Hepatic Flexure of Colon TERM 23
8 Organs in the Left Upper
Quadrant
DEFINITION 23 Stomach Spleen Left Lobe of Liver Body of Pancreas Left Kidney Left Adrenal Gland Splenetic Flexure of Colon Parts of Transverse and Descending Colon TERM 24
5 Organs in the Left Lower
Quadrant
DEFINITION 24 Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Left Ovary Left Fallopian Tube Left Ureter TERM 25
8 Necessary Life Functions
DEFINITION 25 Maintaining Boundaries: both external and cellular Movement: contractility Responsiveness: excitability and irritability Digestion: physical and chemical absorption Metabolism: state of change Excretion Reproduction: maintain healthy, viable tissue Growth: anabolic and catabolic *All cells have to grow!
3 Examples of Bases and their properties
Magnesium Hydroxide: MgOH2 antacids, toothpaste and deodorant; also a laxative Bicarbonate Ion: HCO3 works with carbonic acid, which is used to balance blood pH Ammonia: NH3 common waste product of protein breakdown/synthesis *Cells are protein factories! TERM 32
4 Examples of Acids and their propeties
DEFINITION 32 Acetic Acid: CH3CO2 vinegar, involved in cellular respiration which is a metabolic process to convert energy from nutrients into ATP Carbonic Acid: H2CO3 acts as an acid-base buffer, which controls how base or acidic blood is (acid-base homeostasis) Lactic Acid C3H6O3 built up by-product of muscle contraction Hydrochloric Acid: HCl produced by stomach cells to aid in the digestion and breaking down of nutrients TERM 33
Anatomy
DEFINITION 33 Study of Structure TERM 34
Physiology
DEFINITION 34 Study of Function TERM 35
Alkaline
DEFINITION 35 Base of, like, containing or having the properties of an alkali. pH value is greater than 7
Definition of Salt
Ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogen and anions other than the hydroxyl ion. Salts are dissolved in water and dissociate into component ions. *All ions are electrolytes! TERM 37
3 Examples of Salts and their properties
DEFINITION 37 Sodium Chloride: NaCl controls water movement through osmosis; wherever sodium goes, water will follow-diarrhea Calcium Carbonate: Ca2CO3 the go signal for muscle contraction, also found in bones and teeth Potassium Chloride: KCl involved in cardiac functions and nerve impulses TERM 38
Electrolytes
DEFINITION 38 Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. *All ions! TERM 39
Organic Compound
Properties
DEFINITION 39 Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus Form covalent bonds and share electrons Large and complex molecules TERM 40
Properties and Types of Inorganic Compounds
DEFINITION 40 Don't always contain carbon, carbon isn't central Form ionic bonds and transfer electrons Weak bonds Smaller and less complex 4 types of inorganic compounds are water, salts, acids and bases
