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Anatomy and Physiology Terminology: Homeostasis, Organs, and Body Functions, Quizzes of Pathophysiology

Definitions and functions of various terms related to anatomy and physiology, including homeostasis, visceral organs, anabolic and catabolic processes, and the study of anatomy through observation, manipulation, palpation, and auscultation. It also covers different types of fluids, inflammations, and systems in the human body.

What you will learn

  • What is homeostasis and how does it relate to disease and aging?
  • What are the internal organs in the ventral body cavity called?
  • What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic processes?

Typology: Quizzes

2017/2018

Uploaded on 01/31/2018

amberyates927
amberyates927 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Homeostatic Imbalance
DEFINITION 1
Caused by loss or disturbance of homeostatic function, leads
to disease and agingHomeostasis: EaseDisease: Loss of Ease
TERM 2
Viscera, Visceral Organs
DEFINITION 2
Internal organs in the ventral body cavity
TERM 3
Define anabolic and catabolic
DEFINITION 3
Anabolic is to make or synthesize, Catabolic is to break down.
*Anabolic should outpace catabolic!
TERM 4
4 Tools for the Study of Anatomy
DEFINITION 4
Observation: macral and micral
Manipulation: range of motion
Palpation: feeling
Auscultation: listening to organ sounds (stethoscope)
TERM 5
Serous Fluid
DEFINITION 5
Thin, lubricating fluid separating serous membranes.
*Between visceral/parietal serosa and other membranes
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Homeostatic Imbalance

Caused by loss or disturbance of homeostatic function, leads to disease and agingHomeostasis: EaseDisease: Loss of Ease TERM 2

Viscera, Visceral Organs

DEFINITION 2 Internal organs in the ventral body cavity TERM 3

Define anabolic and catabolic

DEFINITION 3 Anabolic is to make or synthesize, Catabolic is to break down. *Anabolic should outpace catabolic! TERM 4

4 Tools for the Study of Anatomy

DEFINITION 4 Observation: macral and micral Manipulation: range of motion Palpation: feeling Auscultation: listening to organ sounds (stethoscope) TERM 5

Serous Fluid

DEFINITION 5 Thin, lubricating fluid separating serous membranes. *Between visceral/parietal serosa and other membranes

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleura: a membrane that lines inner side of chest cavity and the layer of tissue surrounding lungs. *Lack of surfactant: pulmonary liquid secreted in alveolar space TERM 7

Peritonitis

DEFINITION 7 Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infections TERM 8

Pericarditis

DEFINITION 8 Inflammation of the pericardium TERM 9

Integumentary System and 3 Organs

DEFINITION 9 Forms external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes Vitamin D, houses cutaneous pain/pressure receptors and sweat/oil glands. Hair Skin Nails TERM 10

Skeletal System and 2 Organs

DEFINITION 10 Protects and supports body organs and provides framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within the bones and bones store minerals. Bones Joints

Cardiovascular System and 2 Organs

Blood vessels transport blood; which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes. The heart pumps blood. Heart Blood Vessels TERM 17

Nervous System and 3 Organs

DEFINITION 17 Fast-acting control system of the body, responding to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles/glands. Brain Spinal Cord Nerves TERM 18

Digestive System and 8 Organs

DEFINITION 18 Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces. Oral Cavity Esophagus Liver Stomach Rectum Anus Small Intestine Large Intestine TERM 19

Respiratory System and 6 Organs

DEFINITION 19 Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs. Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lung TERM 20

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ &

LLQ

DEFINITION 20 Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant

6 Organs in the Right Lower

Quadrant

Cecum Appendix Ascending Colon Right Ovary Right Fallopian Tube Right Ureter TERM 22

7 Organs in the Right Upper

Quadrant

DEFINITION 22 Liver Gallbladder with Biliary Tree Duodenum Head of Pancreas Right Kidney Right Adrenal Gland Hepatic Flexure of Colon TERM 23

8 Organs in the Left Upper

Quadrant

DEFINITION 23 Stomach Spleen Left Lobe of Liver Body of Pancreas Left Kidney Left Adrenal Gland Splenetic Flexure of Colon Parts of Transverse and Descending Colon TERM 24

5 Organs in the Left Lower

Quadrant

DEFINITION 24 Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Left Ovary Left Fallopian Tube Left Ureter TERM 25

8 Necessary Life Functions

DEFINITION 25 Maintaining Boundaries: both external and cellular Movement: contractility Responsiveness: excitability and irritability Digestion: physical and chemical absorption Metabolism: state of change Excretion Reproduction: maintain healthy, viable tissue Growth: anabolic and catabolic *All cells have to grow!

3 Examples of Bases and their properties

Magnesium Hydroxide: MgOH2 antacids, toothpaste and deodorant; also a laxative Bicarbonate Ion: HCO3 works with carbonic acid, which is used to balance blood pH Ammonia: NH3 common waste product of protein breakdown/synthesis *Cells are protein factories! TERM 32

4 Examples of Acids and their propeties

DEFINITION 32 Acetic Acid: CH3CO2 vinegar, involved in cellular respiration which is a metabolic process to convert energy from nutrients into ATP Carbonic Acid: H2CO3 acts as an acid-base buffer, which controls how base or acidic blood is (acid-base homeostasis) Lactic Acid C3H6O3 built up by-product of muscle contraction Hydrochloric Acid: HCl produced by stomach cells to aid in the digestion and breaking down of nutrients TERM 33

Anatomy

DEFINITION 33 Study of Structure TERM 34

Physiology

DEFINITION 34 Study of Function TERM 35

Alkaline

DEFINITION 35 Base of, like, containing or having the properties of an alkali. pH value is greater than 7

Definition of Salt

Ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogen and anions other than the hydroxyl ion. Salts are dissolved in water and dissociate into component ions. *All ions are electrolytes! TERM 37

3 Examples of Salts and their properties

DEFINITION 37 Sodium Chloride: NaCl controls water movement through osmosis; wherever sodium goes, water will follow-diarrhea Calcium Carbonate: Ca2CO3 the go signal for muscle contraction, also found in bones and teeth Potassium Chloride: KCl involved in cardiac functions and nerve impulses TERM 38

Electrolytes

DEFINITION 38 Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. *All ions! TERM 39

Organic Compound

Properties

DEFINITION 39 Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus Form covalent bonds and share electrons Large and complex molecules TERM 40

Properties and Types of Inorganic Compounds

DEFINITION 40 Don't always contain carbon, carbon isn't central Form ionic bonds and transfer electrons Weak bonds Smaller and less complex 4 types of inorganic compounds are water, salts, acids and bases