Partial preview of the text
Download Chapters 1 & 2 | BIO 105 - General Biology I and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Biology
The study of scientific life.
TERM 2
What are the properties of life?
DEFINITION 2
1. Composed of cells2. Organized3. Energy use4.
Homeostasis5. Grow6. ReproduceCOEHGRCows Only Eat Hay
Grown Right
TERM 3
How is life organized?
DEFINITION 3
Atoms>Molecules>cells>tissues>organs>organ systems>
organisms
TERM 4
What are more levels of biologic organization?
DEFINITION 4
PopulationCommunityEcosystemBiosphere
TERM 5
What is a group of individuals of the same
species, living in the same area?
DEFINITION 5
Population
What are several living populations of
different species who live in the same area
and interact with each other.
Community
TERM 7
What are all of the organisms both living and
non living in a given area that use energy?
DEFINITION 7
Ecosystem
TERM 8
What is the combination of all ecosystems?
DEFINITION 8
Biosphere
TERM 9
How do organisms interact with their
environments?
DEFINITION 9
By exchanging matter and energy
TERM 10
Describe the "Circle of Life" in 3 simple terms.
DEFINITION 10
Producers,consumers, and decomposers.
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6 CO2+ 12 H2OC6H12O6+ 6 O2+ 6 H2O
TERM 17
The dynamics of an ecosystem include what
two major processes?
DEFINITION 17
Cycling of nutrients - in which nutrientsacquiredby plants
eventually return to the soil. The flow of energy from
sunlight to producers to consumers - Energy flows
through an ecosystem usually entering as light and exiting as
heat.
TERM 18
What is an organisms basic unit of structure
and function?
DEFINITION 18
The cell
TERM 19
What is a characteristic of all cells?
DEFINITION 19
-They are enclosed by a cell membrane- Use DNA as their
genetic information
TERM 20
What cellular ability is the basis of all
reproduction, growth, and repair of
multicellular organisms.
DEFINITION 20
Ability of cells to divide
Eukaryotic cell
Has membrane enclosed organelles , and contains a
nucleus.Examples: Animals, fungi, and other forms of life are
eukaryotic.
TERM 22
Prokaryotic cell
DEFINITION 22
Is simpler and smaller than Eukaryotic, does not contain a
nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles.Examples:
Bacteria and archaea
TERM 23
What is the continuity of life based on?
DEFINITION 23
Heritable information in the form of DNA.
TERM 24
Chromosomes contain
DEFINITION 24
DNA - genetic material
TERM 25
Genes
DEFINITION 25
Unit of inheritance that transmit information from parents to
offspring.
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic unicellular organisms that are found in extreme
environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents
under conditions with no oxygen or highly acidic
environments.
TERM 32
Eubacteria
DEFINITION 32
Most familiar bacteria are found in the Eubacteria kingdom.
Are prokaryotes.
TERM 33
Protista
DEFINITION 33
Eukaryotic and unicellular, and include all microscopic
organisms that arenotbacteria,not animals,notplants
andnotfungi.
TERM 34
Fungi
DEFINITION 34
A fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic
organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and
molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. Are
heterotrophs (organisms that can't synthesize it's own food,
and is dependent in complex organic substances for
nutrition).
TERM 35
Plantae
DEFINITION 35
This kingdom includes such multicellular groups as flowering
plants, conifers, ferns and mosses, as well as, depending on
definition, the green algae. Eukaryotic, has a cell wall made
of cellulose, and is autotrophic (organisms capable of
synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using
light or chemical energy)
Animalia
Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic
organisms of the kingdom Animalia. Their body plan
eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some
undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. No
cell walls, and are heterotrophs.
TERM 37
What are the 7 terms of Taxonomy? (Also
King Phillip Cried Out For Good Soup)
DEFINITION 37
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
TERM 38
What is a species?
DEFINITION 38
A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding
and producing fertile offspring of both genders.
TERM 39
Natural Selection
DEFINITION 39
Species become modified over time. (descent with
modification)
TERM 40
Adaptations
DEFINITION 40
Modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life.
What is the modern term for Darwin otherwise
known as"descent with modification"?
Evolution
TERM 47
What mechanism did Darwin propose for
evolution?
DEFINITION 47
Natural selection
TERM 48
If you spend a summer observing the
squirrels on your campus and collecting data
on their dietary habits, what kind of science
are you performing?
DEFINITION 48
discovery science
TERM 49
If you come up with a tentative explanation
for their dietary behavior then test your idea,
what kind of science are you performing?
DEFINITION 49
Hypothesis-driven science
TERM 50
Place the following steps in a scientific
investigation in their proper order:
Experiment, hypothesis, observation,
prediction, results, question, revise/repeat.
DEFINITION 50
ObservationQuestionHypothesisPredictionExperiment
ResultsRevise/repeat
You arrange to meet a friend for dinner at 6
p.m. but she is not there. You wonder why.
Another friend says, "My theory is that she
forgot." If your friend were speaking like a
scientist, what should she have said?
My hypothesis is that she forgot.
TERM 52
What are the steps to the scientific method?
DEFINITION 52
ObservationQuestionHypothesisPredictionExperimentResultsRevi
TERM 53
What are all the levels of biological
organization from smallest to most inclusive?
DEFINITION 53
Atoms PopulationMolecules Community Organelle
EcosystemCell BiosphereTissueOrganOrgan systemOrganism
TERM 54
What must a good hypothesis
be?
DEFINITION 54
Must be testable and falsifiable.
TERM 55
Controlled
Experiment
DEFINITION 55
Experiment designed to demonstrate the effect of one
variable by testing control groups and experimental groups
that differ in only that one variable.
What 4 elements make up 96% of living
matter?
OxygenCarbonNitrogenHydrogen
TERM 62
What makes up the remaining 4% of living
matter?
DEFINITION 62
CalciumPhosphorusPotassiumSulferSodiumChlorineMagnesium
TERM 63
What are trace elements?
DEFINITION 63
Those elements that are required by an organism in minute
quantities.
TERM 64
Compound
DEFINITION 64
A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed
ratio.
TERM 65
All compounds are molecules, but:
DEFINITION 65
Not all molecules are compounds.
What are elements made up of?
Atoms
TERM 67
Atom
DEFINITION 67
The smallest functional unit of any element.
TERM 68
Proton
DEFINITION 68
Positively charged, determines element
TERM 69
Neutron
DEFINITION 69
No charge, determines isotope.
TERM 70
Electrons
DEFINITION 70
Negatively charged, determines chemical behavior.
Electron distribution in shells:
determines the chemical behavior of the atom.
TERM 77
Valence
DEFINITION 77
The incomplete outer shell of an atom, that causes an atom
to be reactive.
TERM 78
Chemical Bonds
DEFINITION 78
Bonds that form when atoms interact and complete their
valence shells.
TERM 79
Covalent Bond
DEFINITION 79
Forms when pairs of electrons are shared.
TERM 80
Molecules
DEFINITION 80
Consist of two or more covalently bonded atoms.
Electronegativity
The tendancy of an atom to attract electrons toward itself to
form a covalent bond due to number of protons in the
nucleus.
TERM 82
Non-polar Covalent Bond
DEFINITION 82
When both atoms are the same, they have the same
electronegativity.
TERM 83
Polar Covalent Bond
DEFINITION 83
Electrons of this bond are pulled closer to the more
electronegative atom (more protons in nucleus)Example:
Oxygen
TERM 84
Ion
DEFINITION 84
Forms when an atom or molecule gains or loses an electron,
and becomes charged.
TERM 85
ionic bond
DEFINITION 85
an attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
When is chemical equilibrium reached?
When the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
TERM 92
What are the electronegative partners in
living cells usually partnered in hydrogen
bonds?
DEFINITION 92
Oxygen or Nitrogen
TERM 93
Anion
DEFINITION 93
Negatively charged ion
TERM 94
Cation
DEFINITION 94
Positively charged ion.
TERM 95
Electrolyte
DEFINITION 95
Aqueous solution with anions and cations, that conducts an
electrical current, and affects the function of all cells.
An ionic compound does not consist
of______.
Molecules
TERM 97
Why are electrolytes
important?
DEFINITION 97
Because they are what your cells use to maintain voltages
across their cell membranes and to carry electrical impulses
across themselves and to other cells.
TERM 98
True or False: An electron shell can only hold
a limited number of electrons.
DEFINITION 98
True
TERM 99
How many electrons can the first electron
shell hold?
DEFINITION 99
TERM 100
How many electrons can the second electron
shell hold?
DEFINITION 100
